Direct and residual contact toxicity of insecticides toHalyomorpha halys(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

AbstractHalyomorpha halys(Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a serious invasive pest of many agricultural and horticultural crops in Canada and the United States of America. To mitigate economic loss for growers, effective management options forH. halysare needed. We evaluated the efficacy of 12 insecticides (Beauveria bassiana(Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin (Cordycipitaceae), boric acid, chlorpyrifos, clothianidin, flupryadifurone, λ-cyhalothrin, malathion, novaluron, sulfoxaflor, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin, and thiamethoxam + novaluron) currently used or with potential forH. halysmanagement by determining their direct and residual contact toxicity toH. halysnymphs. Each insecticide was tested at its Canadian label rate and half and twice that rate. With the exception of chlorpyrifos, nymph mortality was low (< 40%) following direct or residual contact exposure to all insecticides and rates. All surviving nymphs were severely affected (i.e., knocked down) by direct and residual contact exposure to neonicotinoids, while approximately 66% of nymphs were severely affected following exposure to sulfloxaflor residues at label and twice label rate. However, few nymphs were severely affected by all other insecticides and rates. Overall, our results suggest thatH. halysis not susceptible to many insecticides at current label rates for Canada. More research is needed to identify efficacious insecticides forH. halys.

Download Full-text

Influence of Holding Conditions and Storage Duration of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs on Adventive and Quarantine Populations of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Behavior and Parasitism Success

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvaa183 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dalton C Ludwick ◽

Layne B Leake ◽

William R Morrison ◽

Jesús R Lara ◽

Mark S Hoddle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Classical Biological Control ◽

The United States ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Halyomorpha Halys ◽

Storage Duration ◽

Egg Masses ◽

Trissolcus Japonicus ◽

And Storage

Abstract Halyomorpha halys (Stål) is an invasive pest in the United States and other countries. In its native range, H. halys eggs are parasitized by a co-evolved parasitoid, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead). In the United States, T. japonicus, a classical biological control candidate, is being redistributed in many states where adventive populations exist. To establish if H. halys egg holding conditions affect T. japonicus foraging behavior or successful parasitism, naïve, female parasitoids from an adventive population were allowed to forage in laboratory bioassay arenas with either fresh or frozen (−20 or −80°C) egg masses, the latter held for five durations ranging from 1 h to 112 d. Parasitoid movements were recorded for 1 h. Thereafter, parasitoids were transferred with the same egg mass for 23 h. Additionally, female parasitoids from a quarantine colony were exposed to: 1) pairs of fresh egg masses and egg masses frozen at −40°C (>24 h) or 2) a single fresh egg mass or egg mass frozen at −40°C (<1 h). All exposed egg masses were held to assess progeny emergence. In the foraging bioassay, holding temperature and storage duration appeared to influence host-finding and host quality. Egg masses held at −80°C and fresh egg masses resulted in significantly greater levels of parasitism and progeny emergence compared with eggs held at −20°C. No differences were recorded between egg masses held at −40°C for ≤1 h and fresh egg masses. These results will help refine methods for preparation of egg masses for sentinel monitoring and parasitoid mass rearing protocols.

Download Full-text

(10) Effect of the Floating Cover on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Yield

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1016c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1016C-1016

Author(s):

Marcelino Bazán Tene ◽

Javier Farías Larios ◽

José Gerardo López Aguirre ◽

Francisco Radillo Juárez ◽

Jorge Rogelio Flores Sánchez

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

United States Of America ◽

The United States ◽

Cucumis Sativus L ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

A Value ◽

High Consumption ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The World ◽

Beginning Of Flowering

Production of horticultural crops is important throughout the world, with high consumption mainly in Europe and the United States of America. Cucumber is consumed both fresh and processed. This vegetable generates important profits for producing countries such as Mexico, which, in 2003, produced 435,897 tons of fresh fruit with a value of 1.190 million Mexican pesos (around USD $109 million). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the floating cover on the yield of fresh cucumbers. Four treatments and five repetitions were imposed in a randomized distribution: covered 20 days (C20) post-emergence, covered until beginning of flowering (CF), covered until beginning of harvest (CIC), and without cover (SC). Data at the first and fourth harvest were analyzed. Results showed that, in the first harvest, treatment C20 days was highest in fruit yield (3.11 ton/ha); Treatment CIC had 2.47 ton/ha, and SC produced 1.66 ton/ha. Data obtained in the fourth harvest, treatment C20, had the highest yield, with 24.12 ton/ha, and treatment CF had a yield of 21.11 ton/ha, but there was not significant difference (Tukey's P < 0.05).

Download Full-text

Sampling Methods for Adventive Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in a Wild Tree Host of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (4) ◽

pp. 1997-2000 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

N F Quinn ◽

E J Talamas ◽

T C Leskey ◽

J C Bergh

Keyword(s):

Research Priorities ◽

The United States ◽

Egg Parasitoid ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Halyomorpha Halys ◽

Sticky Traps ◽

Egg Masses ◽

Trissolcus Japonicus ◽

Wild Tree ◽

Yellow Sticky Traps

Abstract Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive pest that has established in much of the United States. Adventive populations of an effective Asian egg parasitoid of H. halys, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), have been detected in several states, including Virginia, and its geographic range is expanding. Documenting changes in its distribution and abundance have thus become key research priorities. For these specific purposes, surveillance of T. japonicus over large geographic areas using sentinel H. halys egg masses may not be optimally efficient, and examination of alternative sampling tactics is warranted. In 2016, sentinel H. halys egg masses were deployed as vertical transects in the canopy of female Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) in Virginia. A brief follow-up study in 2016 using yellow sticky traps deployed in the same trees yielded captures of T. japonicus, leading to a comparison of vertical transects of sentinel eggs and yellow sticky traps in 2017. Both methods yielded T. japonicus detections only in the middle and upper tree canopies, whereas other known H. halys parasitoids were detected in the lower, middle, or upper canopies. Based on this information, a method for deploying yellow sticky traps in the middle canopy of H. halys host trees was assessed in 2017, yielding T. japonicus captures. A comparison of estimated time inputs revealed that traps were more efficient than sentinel eggs in this regard. Results are discussed in relation to the utility of each sampling method to address specific questions about the range expansion and ecology of T. japonicus.

Download Full-text

Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Conventional and Organic Insecticides on the Parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus, a Biological Control Agent for Halyomorpha halys

Frontiers in Insect Science ◽

10.3389/finsc.2021.685755 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Arthur V. Ribeiro ◽

Sarah G. Holle ◽

William D. Hutchison ◽

Robert L. Koch

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Natural Enemy ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Halyomorpha Halys ◽

Unmated Female ◽

Lethal Effects ◽

Trissolcus Japonicus ◽

Contact Exposure

The egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus is a natural enemy of Halyomorpha halys, a polyphagous invasive pest in Europe and North and South America. Integration of chemical and biological control tactics could facilitate effective and sustainable integrated pest management programs. This study was conducted to assess (i) the lethal effects of field rates, (ii) the sublethal effects of maximum and half field rates, and (iii) the lethal effects of different routes of exposure of three organic and two conventional insecticides against T. japonicus. Maximum field rates of spinosad and sulfoxaflor resulted in acute lethal toxicity to adult T. japonicus 1 week after residual contact exposure. Maximum and half field rates of pyrethrins, the mixture of azadirachtin and pyrethrins, and clothianidin caused sublethal effects to female wasps through residual contact exposure. Furthermore, all insecticides caused acute lethal effects 1 week after ingestion by unmated female wasps. Taken together, these results suggest that careful planning is necessary to ensure compatibility between biological and chemical control for H. halys. The insecticides evaluated in this study varied in toxicity to T. japonicus and should be used with caution to conserve this natural enemy for biological control of H. halys.

Download Full-text

New record of Trissolcus solocis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitising Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the United States of America

Biodiversity Data Journal ◽

10.3897/bdj.7.e30124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rammohan Balusu ◽

Ted Cottrell ◽

Elijah Talamas ◽

Michael Toews ◽

Brett Blaauw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

United States Of America ◽

New Record ◽

Parasitoid Wasp ◽

First Record ◽

The United States ◽

Halyomorpha Halys ◽

Stink Bug

A parasitoid wasp, Trissolcussolocis Johnson, was recorded parasitising eggs of the invasive stink bug Halyomorphahalys (Stål), in the United States. This is the first record of this species parasitising eggs of H.halys. First record of Trissolcussolocis parasitising Halyomorphahalys eggs in the United States and first record of T.solocis in Alabama.

Download Full-text

Transovarial effect of novaluron: persistence and residual effects on Stephanitis pyrioides (Hemiptera: Tingidae)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2021.33 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Shimat V. Joseph

Keyword(s):

United States Of America ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Residual Activity ◽

The United States ◽

Insect Growth Regulator ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Single Application ◽

Management Options ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Adult Exposure

Abstract Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) is an important insect pest of azaleas, Rhododendron Linnaeus spp. (Ericaceae), in the United States of America. Because neonicotinoids, insecticides traditionally used against S. pyrioides, pose a risk to pollinators and natural enemies, nursery growers have reduced neonicotinoid use and are seeking alternative management options. Novaluron, an insect growth regulator, elicits a transovarial effect by reducing the viability of eggs after exposure to S. pyrioides adults. However, stability and persistence of transovarial effects on adults following exposure are not clear. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the persistence of the transovarial effect of novaluron for up to three weeks after a single adult exposure and (2) the residual activity of aged novaluron residues eliciting a transovarial effect against S. pyrioides after a single application. Stephanitis pyrioides density was significantly lower in the novaluron-treated adults than in the nontreated controls for up to 21 days. The novaluron residues deposited on azalea foliage aged up to 32 days significantly reduced the number of S. pyrioides nymphs compared to that of the nontreated control. There was no significant difference in the number of nymphs among the 7-, 17-, and 32-day-old novaluron treatments relative to the nontreated control.

Download Full-text

Registration of wildlife contraceptives in the United States of America, with OvoControl and GonaCon immunocontraceptive vaccines as examples

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr07166 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 586 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kathleen A. Fagerstone ◽

Lowell A. Miller ◽

John D. Eisemann ◽

Jeanette R. O'Hare ◽

James P. Gionfriddo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

United States Of America ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Regulatory Authority ◽

The United States ◽

Research Center ◽

Management Options ◽

Contraceptive Agents ◽

The Us

Overabundant wildlife populations have the potential to adversely affect wildlife habitats or pose risks to human health and safety through disease transmission and collisions with vehicles and aircraft. Traditional methods for reducing overabundant wildlife, such as hunting and trapping, are often restricted or infeasible in urban and suburban areas. Additional management options are needed. For the past 15 years, scientists with the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Wildlife Services’ National Wildlife Research Center have been developing and testing contraceptive agents. This research has resulted in the development of several reproductive inhibitors and has forced regulatory bodies to determine where the regulatory authority for wildlife contraceptives will reside. The regulatory authority for contraceptives for wildlife and feral animals has recently been moved from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The first contraceptive registered by the EPA since this move was OvoControl-G for reducing the hatchability of Canada goose eggs. OvoControl was registered in 2005 by Innolytics, LLC working in cooperation with the National Wildlife Research Center. A similar product, OvoControl-P, was registered in 2007 as a contraceptive technique for pigeons. Another product developed by the National Wildlife Research Center, GonaCon immunocontraceptive vaccine, is in the registration process for managing white-tailed deer populations. This manuscript will describe the products that have been and are currently undergoing registration as contraceptives in the United States of America, and the data required for those products.

Download Full-text