Functional response in coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is modified by prey-density experience

2022 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desh Deepak Chaudhary ◽  
Bhupendra Kumar ◽  
Geetanjali Mishra ◽  
Omkar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Abstract In the present study, we assessed functional response curves of two generalist coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), specifically Menochilus sexmaculatus and Propylea dissecta, using fluctuating densities of aphid prey as a stimulus. In what may be the first such study, we investigated how the prey density experienced during the early larval development of these two predatory beetle species shaped the functional response curves of the late instar–larval and adult stages. The predators were switched from their rearing prey-density environments of scarce, optimal, or abundant prey to five testing density environments of extremely scarce, scarce, suboptimal, optimal, or abundant prey. The individuals of M. sexmaculatus that were reared on either scarce- and optimal- or abundant-prey densities exhibited type II functional response curves as both larvae and adults. However, individuals of P. dissecta that were reared on scarce- and abundant-prey densities displayed modified type II functional response curves as larvae and type II functional response curves as adults. In contrast, individuals of P. dissecta reared on the optimal-prey density displayed type II functional response curves as larvae and modified type II functional response curves as adults. The fourth-instar larvae and adult females of M. sexmaculatus and P. dissecta also exhibited highest prey consumption (T/Th) and shortest prey-handling time (Th) on the scarce-prey rearing density. Thus, under fluctuating-prey conditions, M. sexmaculatus is a better biological control agent of aphids than P. dissecta is.

Functional and numerical responses of Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to different biological stages of Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae)*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Döker ◽  
Kemal Yalcin ◽  
Kamil Karut ◽  
Cengiz Kazak
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Iphiseius Degenerans ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Functional and numerical responses of the predatory mite, Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to four different biological stages (egg, larva, protonymph and adult male) of the citrus brown mite, Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae) were determined under laboratory conditions. In the experiments, six different prey densities (5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80) for each biological stage of the prey were provided to the predatory mite for 24 hours. Results showed that the proportion of prey consumption of I. degenerans decelerated with increasing prey densities of all biological stages of the prey. Logistic regression analysis indicated that I. degenerans showed a Type II functional response regardless of prey stage. The attack rate (α) and the handling time (Th) varied based on the biological stages. The highest α (1.596) and the lowest Th (0.014) values were determined when the predator fed on adult males and larvae of E. orientalis, respectively. The numerical response curves were similar to those of Type II functional response. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) of female I. degenerans decreased on all biological stages when prey density increased. The highest and the lowest average daily mean number of eggs laid by I. degenerans were found as 0.45 and 1.90 when it fed on eggs and larvae of its prey, respectively. According to the results, I. degenerans has a potential to be used as a predator in biological control of E. orientalis.

Predation of Indianmeal Moth Larvae by Lyctocoris campestris (F.) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) in Different Stored Commodities

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Meagher ◽  
L. A. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Indianmeal Moth ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Response Equation ◽  
Predation Rates ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Predation rates for the anthocorid predator Lyctocoris campestris (F.) against varying densities of late-instar Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) were compared in whole corn, whole wheat, or rolled oat stored commodities. More prey were attacked in corn and wheat than in oats, and female predators generally fed on more larvae than did male predators. Predation increased with an increase in prey density. This relationship was best described by a Type II functional response equation. Our results suggest that commodity type affects the number of prey attacked by this predator.

Age-specific functional response and predation rate of Amblyseius swirskii (Phytoseiidae) on two-spotted spider mite

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Maryam Karimi ◽  
Azadeh Farazmand ◽  
Ali Asghar Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

The lifetime functional response and predation rate of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot on eggs of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch were determined under laboratory conditions using cucumber leaf discs. Densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 prey were offered to 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 17, 22 and 27-day-old A. swirskii individuals. Based on the logistic regression, the functional response of twelve-day-old A. swirskii was type III, while the other ages showed type II. The Rogers model was used to estimate searching efficiency (a) and handling time (Th). The longest handling time (1.387±0.315 h) was observed in the protonymphal stage, while the shortest handling time and highest maximum attack rate (T/Th) were estimated at the age of seven-days (0.396±0.057 h and 60.67 prey/day, respectively). In the functional response experiments, results of the highest prey density used (128 eggs) showed that the highest number of prey consumed by A. swirskii individuals aged twelve and seventeen-days old (35.6 and 43.1 eggs, respectively). It is concluded that A. swirskii could be an efficient biological control agent of T. urticae at the middle-age of its life and at higher prey densities. 

scholarly journals Functional response of the predator Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to different prey types

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Almeida Sarmento ◽  
Angelo Pallini ◽  
Madelaine Venzon ◽  
Og Francisco Fonseca de Souza ◽  
Adrián José Molina-Rugama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Response Type ◽  
Tetranychus Evansi ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Eriopis Connexa ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

This work evaluated the functional response of adult females of Eriopis connexa to different densities of Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Tetranychus evansi. When preying upon aphids, E. connexa presented a sigmoidal functional response (Type III). This behavior, however, changed drastically to an exponential (Type II) functional response, when mites (T. evansi), rather than aphids, were offered to E. connexa. Such different patterns showed that this coccinellid needed to adopt distinct strategies according to the kind of prey available. Since predators were believed to be able to regulate prey populations only when adopting Type III functional response. E. connexa would be a good candidate for a biological control agent of M. euphorbiae, but would not suppress a growing population of T. evansi.

scholarly journals PREFERENSI DAN TANGGAP FUNGSIONAL PARASITOID HEMIPTARSENUS VARICORNIS (GIRAULT) (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) PADA LARVA LALAT PENGOROK DAUN KENTANG

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Hidrayani Hidrayani ◽  
Aunu Rauf ◽  
S. Sosromarsono ◽  
U. Kartosuwondo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Female Parasitoid ◽  
Host Abundance ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

The preference and functional response of Parasitoid Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) on host larvae of potato leafminers. The preference of Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) on host larvae of potato leafminers (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and their  functional response on host abundance were studied in laboratory. The preference test was conducted by releasing a female parasitoid in a cage containing two redbean leaves, one with 2nd instar and another one with 3rd instar.  The functional response test was conducted by providing 3rd instar  with density 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 13  larvae  per leaf. The result showed that  H. varicornis had the preference on 3rd instar  larvae compared to 2nd instar, either for parasitisation or paralysis. Based on logistic regression analysis it was found that the parasitoid showed type II functional response on the increase of host abundance. The searching rate (a) and handling time (Th) for paralysis were 0.038 and 1.473 based on disk equation model, and 0.076 and 2.060 on ramdom equation model.  For parasitisation activity, the value of  a and Th were  0.012 and 4.649 based on disk equation model, and 0.014 and 5.075 on random equation model.

Age-Dependent Functional and Numerical Responses of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Dalir ◽  
Hamidreza Hajiqanbar ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Mostafa Khanamani
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Predation Capacity ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Abstract The age-specific functional and numerical responses of Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) on eggs of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), were assessed in the laboratory using bean leaf discs. Densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 prey were provided to 4- (protonymph), 6- (deutonymph), 8-, 13-, 18-, 23-, 28-, 33-, and 40-d-old N. cucumeris individuals. The functional response of 28- and 40-d-old N. cucumeris fitted type II, whereas the other ages displayed a type III functional response. The longest handling time observed at the age of 4 d was 0.515 h, whereas the shortest handling time and highest value of maximum attack rate (T/Th) were associated with the age of the 28-d-old treatment (0.261 h and 91.95 prey/d, respectively). The numerical response of N. cucumeris showed a significant increase with increasing prey density, but its rate gradually decreased at higher densities. Therefore, the efficiency of conversion of ingested food was relatively higher at low two-spotted spider mite densities, whereas it was reduced at high two-spotted spider mite densities. The stronger functional response and predation capacity of N. cucumeris on two-spotted spider mite eggs indicated the high potential of this predatory mite as an effective biological control agent against two-spotted spider mite especially at its early and middle ages and also when higher prey densities are present.

scholarly journals Functional and Numerical Responses of Scymnus Syriacus Marseul (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to the Black Bean Aphid, Aphis Fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Laboratory Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Sabaghi ◽  
Ahad Sahragard ◽  
Reza Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response ◽  
Black Bean Aphid

Functional and Numerical Responses ofScymnus SyriacusMarseul (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to the Black Bean Aphid,Aphis FabaeScopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Laboratory ConditionsFunctional and numerical responses are basic to any investigation of predator-prey relationships and key components in the selection of predators for biological control. In this study, functional and numerical responses of the female and male ladybeetles,Scymnus syriacusMarseul to different densities of third instar nymphs ofAphis fabae(i.e.5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80) as prey, were studied in a growth chamber (25°C, 65±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16L : 8D h) on the broad bean,Vicia fabaeLinn. Using the logistic regression, a type II functional response for both female and male ladybeetles was determined. Using Nonlinear least-square regression, the searching efficiency (a') and handling times (Th) of the female and male adults were estimated as 0.123±0.006 h, 0.434±0.012 h and 0.115±0.008 h, 0.514±0.016, respectively. The Rogers model was used to estimate the maximum theoretical predations (T/Th) for female and male, which were 55.18 and 46.64, respectively. These results indicated a higher efficiency in female ladybeetles. The reproductive numerical response, in terms of eggs laid, increased curvlinearly with increasing prey density. The reproductive response trend was similar to the shape of the type II functional response. This similarity means both responses are interlinked and function simultaneously. The efficiency of the ingested food conversion (ECI) of the females decreased with prey density, as females laid 25±0.65 eggs when exposed to the highest prey density (80) and 3±0.44 eggs at lowest prey density (5).

Prey stage preference and functional and numerical responses of Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to eggs of Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1157
Author(s):  
Rosenya Michely Cintra Filgueiras ◽  
Jairo De Almeida Mendes ◽  
Francisco Wesller Batista Da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Pereira De Sousa Neto ◽  
José Wagner Da Silva Melo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Neoseiulus Barkeri ◽  
Raoiella Indica ◽  
Prey Stage Preference

Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is a polyphagous pest widely dispersed worldwide and a particular threat to crops from the Arecaceae family. Control measures are still being evaluated in recently invaded countries. A possible control strategy for this pest is the use of predatory mites. A recent study has suggested Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a potential biological control agent of R. indica. In the present study we determined the prey stage preference of N. barkeri when offered different stages of R. indica besides its functional response and numerical over its prey stage preferred. The predatory mite N. barkeri showed a marked preference for eggs over other stages of the prey. The regression analysis indicated that the predatory mite N. barkeri exhibited a Type II functional response. The prey density needed to start the oviposition was 10 R. indica eggs. The number of eggs laid by N. barkeri females increased with an increase in the prey density and tended to stabilize when prey availability was greater than 80 R. indica eggs, with average oviposition of 2 eggs/female. Our study suggests that N. barkeri shows potential to reduce populations of R. indica, especially at low prey densities. However, further studies are needed to investigate whether R. indica supports the development of immature stages of N. barkeri.

Impact of endosulfan on the predatory efficiency of larval Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on the eggs of Heliothis virescens and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Hernández-Juárez ◽  
Luis A. Aguirre-Uribe ◽  
Aideé González-Ruíz ◽  
Julio C. Chacón-Hernández ◽  
Jerónimo Landeros-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Predatory Efficiency ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe effect of the insecticide endosulfan on the predatory efficiency of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on the eggs of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was measured with Holling’s disc equation. Though the type II functional response was maintained in C. carnea exposed to endosulfan, the functional response parameters: attack rate (a′), handling time (Th), total handling time (Tht), searching time (Ts), and search efficiency (E) were affected for both prey offered. The predator took more time to identify, pursue, capture, consume, and digest the prey, and in general, the efficiency of the predator as a biological control agent was adversely affected.

Resource partitioning in a ladybird,Menochilus sexmaculatus: function of body size and prey density

2014 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Chaudhary ◽  
B. Kumar ◽  
G. Mishra ◽  
Omkar
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Numerical Response ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Choice Condition ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

AbstractIn the present study, resource partitioning by natural conspecific size variants (small and large) of ladybird,Menochilus sexmaculatus(Fabricius) females, in response to varying prey densities was assessed using functional and numerical responses as measures of prey density. The prey provided was small (second) and large (fourth) instars ofAphis craccivoraKoch. Results revealed that under choice condition, small and large females ofM. sexmaculatusconsumed higher number of small and large instars, respectively. Small females exhibited a modified Type II functional response on small aphid instars and a Type II functional response on fourth aphid instars. Large females exhibited a Type II functional response when provided either second or fourth aphid instars. Numerical response in terms of numbers of eggs laid by both the females increased with increase in the density of either of the aphid instars. However, in small females, oviposition had a positive correlation with the numbers of small and large aphid instars consumed; being strong for the small aphid instars. While in large females, oviposition was positively correlated with the numbers of large aphid instars consumed and not small aphid instars. It therefore seems that intraspecific resource partitioning inM. sexmaculatusoccurs prominently in large females than the small females.

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