Requirements Management for Data Driven Requisitions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan James McLachlan ◽  
Changlih Ee ◽  
Jeroen Veen ◽  
Fabien Cochet ◽  
Daniele Tomassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Task Force ◽  
International Association ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Requirements Management ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Equipment Supplier

Objectives/Scope Systems engineering techniques, particularly requirements management, are critical to realizing the value of digital transformation to improve capital project delivery. Drawing on the results of a case study, this paper will demonstrate the value of using digital requirements management to exchange information through a project lifecycle, specifically showing benefits in the integrity of data transfer; more efficient procurement lifecycle; more robust deviation management; and bidirectional traceability of requirements, including full visibility and end to end verification and validation. Methods, Procedures, Process A requirement is a capability to which a project outcome (product or service) should conform, and the purpose of requirements management is to ensure that an organization documents, verifies and validates these capabilities. In this case study the operator provides their technical specifications in the form of requirements. These requirements are then imported into the EPC's PLM platform, where they are supplemented with additional information from the EPC's engineers to create a requirements-based requisition package. This is then transmitted to the equipment supplier, where it is reviewed and, for the purposes of the case study, reviewed for completeness. To test the ability to identify changes and deviations, the EPC engineer modified the requirements and the file was transferred to both the operator and equipment supplier to ensure the changes were transferred and were identifiable. The case study also demonstrates how verification activities (testing, commissioning, etc.) can be linked to requirements; passed through the supply chain and be modified to capture changes to the status of the activity (such as test results). Results, Observations, Conclusions The case studies described show how requirements can be exchanged between operator, EPC and equipment supplier without any loss of data. It will also show how this approach allows a data driven approach, as opposed to a document driven approach, to be deployed in the requisitioning process, which could facilitate substantial reduction in the procurement lifecycle. This is achieved by removing extraneous information exchanged between the companies; the removal of swivel chair solutions, where data is extracted from one system and transferred to another; and expediting the bid evaluation stage. Finally, the case study will demonstrate how this approach could be extended beyond the purchase order to provide a direct link between specific requirements and testing (FATs) or commissioning activities, which facilitates a more efficient process for verification as well as ensuring a digital record of the entire lifecycle of a package. The case study highlighted the importance of aligning data model and developing workflows, these findings are captured in the lessons learned section and have been shared with the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) Requirements Digitalization Task Force (RDTF). Novel/Additive Information The paper will also include a vision of requirements models can be used to establish a holistic requirements model of a project, including the interdependencies of different system components. The case study will also demonstrate how the adoption of a common data standard for requirements allows a software agnostic solution that can be adopted by all.

Data driven update to industry Life-Saving Rules

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Mariana Carvalho ◽  
Kirsty Walker ◽  
Odunlami Adeogun ◽  
Melissa Mark ◽  
Olav Skår
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
International Association ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Incident Reports ◽  
Safety And Environment

The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP) is a global forum in which member companies identify and share best practices to achieve improvements in many areas including upstream safety. The IOGP first published Life-Saving Rules in 2010, having based the choice of topics covered and actions recommended on an analysis of 1484 fatal incident reports and 1173 high potential event reports collected through IOGP’s annual Safety Performance Indicators. In 2017, IOGP launched an initiative called Project Safira with the aim of eliminating fatalities; one of the work streams within this project was to refresh, simplify and reduce the number of industry Life-Saving Rules to encourage industry standardisation. An industry team of subject matter experts, health, safety and environment (HSE) and operations professionals conducted a comprehensive analysis of the latest 10 years of fatality data and streamlined the original 18 rules down to nine, while retaining the level of applicability in fatality prevention and incorporating the latest thinking on human performance and lessons learned from member companies’ experiences in implementation of similar programs. The Life-Saving Rules are not intended to replace company HSE management systems but rather to complement existing organisational processes and procedures. The rules provide simple actions, in the form of ‘I statements’ which can provide a final barrier that individuals have control over, using their own actions to prevent fatalities. From 2008 to 2017, 376 workers lost their lives in incidents that may have been prevented by following one of the new nine IOGP Life-Saving Rules.

Designing Representative Model Worlds to Study Socio-Technical Phenomena: A Case Study of Communication Patterns in Engineering Systems Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish M. Chaudhari ◽  
Erica L. Gralla ◽  
Zoe Szajnfarber ◽  
Paul T. Grogan ◽  
Jitesh H. Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Real World ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Representative Model ◽  
Model World

Abstract The engineering of complex systems, such as aircraft and spacecraft, involves large number of individuals within multiple organizations spanning multiple years. Since it is challenging to perform empirical studies directly on real organizations at scale, some researchers in systems engineering and design have begun relying on abstracted model worlds that aim to be representative of the reference socio-technical system, but only preserve some aspects of it. However, there is a lack of corresponding knowledge on how to design representative model worlds for socio-technical research. Our objective is to create such knowledge through a reflective case study of the development of a model world. This “inner” study examines how two factors influence interdisciplinary communication during a concurrent design process. The reference real world system is a mission design laboratory (MDL) at NASA, and the model world is a simplified engine design problem in an undergraduate classroom environment. Our analysis focuses on the thought process followed, the key model world design decisions made, and a critical assessment of the extent to which communication phenomena in the model world (engine experiment) are representative of the real world (NASA’s MDL). We find that the engine experiment preserves some but not all of the communication patterns of interest, and we present case-specific lessons learned for achieving and increasing representativeness in this type of study. More generally, we find that representativeness depends not on matching subjects, tasks, and context separately, but rather on the behavior that emerges from the interplay of these three dimensions.

Improving Data Collection With In-Line Inspection in Low-Pressure Gas Distribution Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Becker ◽  
Corey Richards ◽  
Guenter Sundag ◽  
Ronald Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Gray Zone ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Technical Specifications

Abstract A large majority of urban gas distribution pipelines are designed to accommodate future integrity management surveys with in-line inspection (ILI) tools. However, even with typical inspection design parameters considered, many pipelines end up on a “difficult-to-inspect” list and/or fall into a “gray” zone. Often this is due to operational parameters, which may have adverse effects on how in-line inspection technologies perform during a survey. One of these effects may be stop-start behaviors of the tool itself. Although most segments meet minimum technical specifications to conduct ILI surveys, vintage pipeline design practices, such as numerous 1.5D bends, multiple heavy wall transitions, and narrow ID fittings, consistently present ongoing issues when running ILI tools in gas distribution lines. The first assessment characteristically indicates that standard inspection tools are viable solutions for these types of pipelines, but results from previous inspections typically indicate, after the first inspection of the pipeline, that standard technologies should not be applied, or rather, do not deliver satisfactory results. New methodologies and technologies are required to reduce, if not eliminate, the incidents of stationary tools and the resultant areas of degraded data while improving overall data quality. In the end, operators consider these lines a critically important component of their entire system and are keen to gain a clear picture of the assets’ integrity. Suitable in-line inspection solutions are therefore in demand to instill confidence in the assets safe and efficient operation. This paper outlines several elements, including technologies, procedures, or mechanical adaptations, that are often overlooked when selecting and applying inspection and/or cleaning technologies to these gray-zone pipelines. Applying these elements may allow for inspection tools to traverse various obstacles and debris fields encountered while still providing high-resolution data sets. A detailed case study of a NPS 08” pipeline will be used to support the content. This pipeline did not provide the required operational parameters to gather acceptable data when utilizing standard ILI technologies. This NPS 08” line contained various challenges, such as: • Unknown or unreliable pipeline information, specifically for bend radii and wall thicknesses • No previous cleaning and inspection records • Low operational pressures of 1000 to 2100 kPa • Pipeline length over 100 km • MOP restrictions did not allow for higher pressures • Flow rate was only available within limited windows • Cleanliness was unknown and assumed to be a concern • Pipe grade documentation required verification Many technical challenges were encountered in the initial stages of the project. The lessons learned will be discussed and outlined to better support the approach chosen. In the end, tailored geometry and low-friction MFL technologies, capable of safely traversing the pipeline and gathering high-quality data, were utilized for the inspection. This case study will provide other operators valuable insights into how to inspect similar assets while also outlining specialized technologies suited to support the inspection.

Preventing Suicide in Prisons, Part II

Crisis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc S. Daigle ◽  
Anasseril E. Daniel ◽  
Greg E. Dear ◽  
Patrick Frottier ◽  
Lindsay M. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Task Force ◽  
International Association ◽  
Correctional Officers ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Correctional Systems ◽  
Prevention Activities ◽  
Prison Systems

Abstract. The International Association for Suicide Prevention created a Task Force on Suicide in Prisons to better disseminate the information in this domain. One of its objectives was to summarize suicide-prevention activities in the prison systems. This study of the Task Force uncovered many differences between countries, although mental health professionals remain central in all suicide prevention activities. Inmate peer-support and correctional officers also play critical roles in suicide prevention but there is great variation in the involvement of outside community workers. These differences could be explained by the availability of resources, by the structure of the correctional and community services, but mainly by the different paradigms about suicide prevention. While there is a common and traditional paradigm that suicide prevention services are mainly offered to individuals by mental health services, correctional systems differ in the way they include (or not) other partners of suicide prevention: correctional officers, other employees, peer inmates, chaplains/priests, and community workers. Circumstances, history, and national cultures may explain such diversity but they might also depend on the basic way we think about suicide prevention at both individual and environmental levels.

Faculty Development: A Stage Model Matched to Blended Learning Maturation

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Fetters ◽  
Tova Garcia Duby
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Development ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Technology Enhanced Learning ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Curriculum Innovation ◽  
Enhanced Learning

Faculty development programs are critical to the implementation and support of curriculum innovation. In this case study, the authors present lessons learned from ten years of experience in faculty development programs created to support innovation in technology enhanced learning. Stages of curriculum innovation are matched to stages of faculty development, and important lessons for success as well as current challenges are delineated and discussed.

MH-53J/M Pave Low III/IV Systems Engineering. Case Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Albery ◽  
Raymond L. Robb ◽  
Lee Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering

Radical Subject Acceleration for Gifted Students: One School's Response

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Kaye Chalwell ◽  
Therese Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Gifted Student ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Mathematically Gifted ◽  
Support Students ◽  
Insight Into

Radical subject acceleration, or moving students through a subject area faster than is typical, including skipping grades, is a widely accepted approach to support students who are gifted and talented. This is done in order to match the student’s cognitive level and learning needs. This case study explored radical subject acceleration for gifted students by focusing on one school’s response to the learning needs of a ten year old mathematically gifted student. It provides insight into the challenges, accommodations and approach to radical subject acceleration in an Australian school. It explored the processes and decisions made to ensure that a gifted student’s learning needs were met and identified salient issues for radical subject acceleration. Lessons learned from this case study may be helpful for schools considering radical acceleration.

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