scholarly journals The evaluation of total mercury and arsenic in skin bleaching creams commonly used in Trinidad and Tobago and their potential risk to the people of the Caribbean

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Mohammed ◽  
Elisabeth Mohammed ◽  
Shermel Bascombe
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Skin Lightening ◽  
The Eu

Background. Skin lightening is very popular among women and some men of the Caribbean, and its popularity appears to be growing. The lightening of skin colour is done to produce a lighter complexion which is believed to increase attractiveness, social standing and improves one’s potential of being successful. Design and Methods. Fifteen (15) common skin lightening creams found in pharmacies and cosmetic retailers throughout Trinidad and Tobago were evaluated for Mercury by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (CVAAS) and Arsenic by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (HGAAS). The results obtained were compared to global standards and previous research. Results. Fourteen (14) of the fifteen samples analysed contained Mercury in the range of 0.473 μg/g to 0.766 μg/g. One sample had a Mercury content of 14,507.74±490.75 μg/g which was over 14,000 times higher than the USFDA limit for mercury in cosmetics of 1 μg/g. All samples contained Arsenic in the range 1.016 μg/g to 6.612 μg/g, which exceeds the EU limit for cosmetics of 0 μg/g. Conclusions. All the samples analysed contained significant amounts of Mercury and Arsenic and none of them can be considered safe for prolonged human use. The samples that contained Mercury levels which were lower than the USFDA limit contained Arsenic levels which exceeded the EU standard of 0 μg/g in cosmetics. The popularity of these skin lightening creams in the Caribbean region places the population at elevated risk of chronic Mercury and Arsenic poisoning and possibly acute Mercury Poisoning.

scholarly journals Determination of Selenium in Meat Products by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujang Tinggi
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Meat Samples

Abstract Wet digestion using a mixture of nitric, sulfuric, and perchloric acids and an aluminum block digester effectively and rapidly decomposed meat samples for selenium determination by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Digestion did not require constant attention by an operator. Selenium recoveries (range, 94-105%) from National Institute ofStandards and Technology standard reference materials and spiked samples were used to validate method accuracy. Coefficients of variation (CVs) of repeatability of in-house reference materials used forprecision study were 6.4 and 5.6%, respectively, for seafood mix and mutton liver. Selenium levels in meat products from Brisbane markets varied widely: 0.042-0.142,0.081- 0.42, and 0.050-0.198 μg/g (wet weight) respectively, for beef, chicken, and pork. Overall, selenium levels in manufactured meat ranged from0.041 to 0.189 fig/g. The levels of selenium foundinthis study were generally lower than those reported in Finland but comparable with those reported in some parts of the United States

Optimum Conditions for Hydride Generation of Selenium and Its Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Robert R Brooks ◽  
Janine A Willis ◽  
John R Liddle
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Reaction Solution ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

Abstract Instrumental parameters and other variables were studied to establish the optimum indicators for determination of selenium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the hydride generation procedure with cold-trapping. Optimum conditions were established by consideration of the following variables: volume of reaction solution, acid concentration in the reaction mixture, lapse of time after last addition of borohydride, method of addition of borohydride, carrier gas flow rates, position of source beam in the flame cell, oxidation state of selenium, and effect of drying the cold trap between successive determinations. This latter procedure greatly improved the reproducibility of the technique (from ±28% to ±2%. The limit of detection was about 2 ng selenium.

A Detailed Study of Thermal Decomposition, Amalgamation/Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Methodology for the Quantitative Analysis of Mercury in Fish and Hair

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2720-2728 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN J. M. BUTALA ◽  
LARRY P. SCANLAN ◽  
SANWAT N. CHAUDHURI
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Standard Reference Material ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mercury In Fish

The analytical method for determining the concentration of mercury in fish by thermal decomposition, amalgamation/atomic absorption spectrophotometry was thoroughly studied. Specific issues addressed were accurate modeling of instrumental response, the use of quartz and nickel boats, carryover effects, software limitations, and troubleshooting. The DMA-80 Direct Mercury Analyzer instrument was calibrated using a total of 22 points, and the resultant curves statistically analyzed. At minimum, second-order polynomials were required to adequately model the data. TORT-2 standard reference material was analyzed in both quartz and nickel boats and found to give equivalent performance in both types of vessels and well within the 95% confidence interval. DOLT-3 standard reference material also yielded values well within the 95% confidence interval, but the DORM-2 standard reference material did not. Carryover effects were found to be minimal with a new catalyst tube but increased with catalyst age. Blanks should be run after the analysis of high mercury content samples; however, when the catalyst has aged, two blanks are required to reduce apparent mercury signals to nominal blank values. Comparable results between thermal decomposition, amalgamation/atomic absorption spectrophotometry and cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry were demonstrated. The feasibility of using this instrument to analyze hair was also explored and found to be suitable. Software problems and limitations have been noted when attempting to implement a high-throughput methodology. Instrumental drift was found to be minimal when operated over long periods. Blank values can provide important diagnostic indicators.

scholarly journals Analisis Kadar Merkuri, Derajat Keasaman dan Faktor Risiko Kesehatan Pada Penambang Emas Tanpa Izin di Kecamatan Cempaka

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
Meilya Farika Indah ◽  
Norsita Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Cold Vapor ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption

Cempaka District is the largest traditional gold mining site in South Kalimantan Province. The purpose of this study was to identify levels of mercury (Hg), degree of acidity (pH) and health risk factors (age, years of service and completeness of PPE) in PETI workers in Cempaka District. The method used in this research is an observational method which is quantitative in nature with a cross-pontong approach, with a proportional difference test method. Sampling was carried out in the upstream and downstream areas. Measurement of water mercury levels was measured by means of Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (CV-AAS) at the Industrial Research and Standardization Center (BARISTAND) in Banjarbaru City. As for the health risk factor variables using the method of observation and interviews with a questionnaire. The research sample was 40 active PETI workers. The results showed that the quality of water with mercury content exceeds the threshold, for the parameter of acidity (pH) within the norm limit of 6-9. Meanwhile, for health risk factors, PETI workers are mostly old, have worked ≥ 5 years and do not completely use PPE. Suggestions are to pay attention not to dispose of waste mercury (Hg) content into rivers. Keywords : Mercury levels ( Hg ); degrees acidity ( pH ); health risk factors; the workers Abstrak Kecamatan Cempaka merupakan tempat penambangan emas tradisional yang terbesar di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi besar kadar merkuri (Hg), derajat keasaman (pH) dan faktor risiko kesehatan (Umur, masa kerja dan kelengkapan APD) pada pekerja PETI di Kecamatan Cempaka. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode observasional yang bersifat kuantitatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang, dengan metode uji-beda proporsi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada daerah hulu dan hilir. Pengukuran kadar merkuri air diukur dengan alat Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (CV-AAS) di Balai Riset dan Standarisasi Industri (BARISTAND) di Kota Banjarbaru. Sedangkan untuk variabel faktor risiko kesehatan menggunakan metode pengamatan dan wawancara dengan kuosioner. Sampel penelitian adalah pekerja PETI yang aktif sebanyak 40 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas air dengan kandungan kadar merkuri melebihi ambang batas, untuk parameter derajat keasaman (pH) dalam batas norma sebesar 6-9. Sedangkan untuk faktor risiko kesehatan, pekerja PETI lebih banyak berumur tua , masa kerja ≥ 5 tahun dan tidak lengkap menggunakan APD. Saran untuk memperhatikan untuk tidak membuang limbah kandungan kadar merkuri (Hg) ke aliran sungai. Kata kunci : Kadar Merkuri (Hg); Derajat Keasaman (pH); Faktor Risiko kesehatan; Pekerja PETI

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