scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: biology, epidemiology and therapy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Pozzato ◽  
Francesca Zorat ◽  
Stefania Bonetto ◽  
Cesare Mazzaro
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Although the association between the hepatitis C virus and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas is still controversial, there is increasing evidence of the role of this virus in several B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, whose prototype is mixed cryoglobulinemia. The aim of the present paper was to provide an overview of the biological mechanisms involved in the development of B-cell disorders in the course of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The link between this virus and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas is also considered from an epidemiological point of view, and the great regional differences in the prevalence of hepatitis C-associated lymphomas are discussed. Finally, the role of antiviral therapy and suggestions about the most appropriate, currently available, therapeutic approaches are also discussed.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: biology, epidemiology and therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Pozzato ◽  
Francesca Zorat ◽  
Stefania Bonetto ◽  
Cesare Mazzaro
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Although the association between the hepatitis C virus and B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas is still controversial, there is increasing evidence of the role of this virus in several B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, whose prototype is mixed cryoglobulinemia. The aim of the present paper was to provide an overview of the biological mechanisms involved in the development of B-cell disorders in the course of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The link between this virus and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas is also considered from an epidemiological point of view, and the great regional differences in the prevalence of hepatitis C-associated lymphomas are discussed. Finally, the role of antiviral therapy and suggestions about the most appropriate, currently available, therapeutic approaches are also discussed.

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 4296-4301 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Silvestri ◽  
C Pipan ◽  
G Barillari ◽  
F Zaja ◽  
R Fanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disorders ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽  
Hcv Genotyping

It has been recently hypothesized that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) might be involved in the pathogenesis of malignant B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). On the basis of this observation we sought to determine the prevalence of HCV infection in the patients affected by B- cell NHL and extended our analysis to all the patients affected by lymphoproliferation disorders seen at our institution in the last 30 months. Five hundred and thirty-seven unselected, consecutive patients were studied. HCV infection was investigated through detection of anti- HCV antibodies and HCV-RNA. HCV genotyping was performed on HCV-RNA positive specimens. The risk of being infected by HCV was compared with that of the general population of our area. Among all lymphoproliferative disorders, the prevalence and the relative risk (RR) of being infected by HCV were increased only among B-cell NHL (9%; RR 3.24; p < .0001). Among these, a strong prevalence of HCV was found only in the subgroup of immunocytomas (30%; RR 10.27; P < .0001), while other histotypes were associated with it only occasionally. Because HCV- positive lymphomas clinically behave as essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC), the close association between HCV infection and EMC is confirmed, and evidence is provided that the pathological substrate of EMC corresponds to the immunocytoma. HCV genomic sequences were found in 84% of patients analyzed. Viral genotypes were those more frequent in our area.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus within a malignant lymphoma lesion in the course of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 1887-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
S De Vita ◽  
D Sansonno ◽  
R Dolcetti ◽  
G Ferraccioli ◽  
A Carbone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
B Cell Malignancies

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been implicated as the major etiologic factor sustaining B-cell clonal expansion in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). A putative pathogenetic role of HCV in the development of MC-associated B-cell malignancies has also been speculated. We report for the first time the localization of HCV within a parotid non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) lesion in the course of HCV- related type II essential MC, an important step to implicate any infectious agent in the lymphomagenesis. Plus and minus strand HCV RNA was first demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction on the whole RNA from the lesion. Further immunohistochemical studies localized HCV c22 proteins in the residual ductal or acinar parotid structures, which also abnormally expressed HLA-DR antigens. Weak c22 signals were inconstantly detected in cells strictly confined around the residual epithelium, while all the remaining infiltrating cells in the parotid lesion stained c-22-negative. Staining for c33 and c100 HCV antigens was negative. In situ hybridization (ISH) studies again identified the residual parotid epithelial cells as the site of HCV infection and replication in the NHL lesion. Sialotropic viruses previously involved in lymphoproliferation, ie, Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus-6, were absent in the same tissue lesion. According to the current models of B-cell lymphomagenesis, a role of HCV as an exogenous antigenic stimulus should be considered for NHL development in the present case, whereas malignant B cells do not appear permissive of active HCV replication. Further efforts would be worthwhile to clarify a role of HCV infection in the development of some B-cell malignancies.

Hepatitis C virus‐associated indolent B‐cell lymphomas: A review on the role of the new direct antiviral agents therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare Mazzaro ◽  
Luigino Dal Maso ◽  
Marcella Visentini ◽  
Anna Ermacora ◽  
Pietro Andreone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
B Cell Lymphomas ◽  
Direct Antiviral Agents

scholarly journals Clinico-pathological characterization of hepatitis C virus-related B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas without symptomatic cryoglobulinemia

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Luppi ◽  
G. Longo ◽  
M.G. Ferrari ◽  
P. Barozzi ◽  
R. Marasca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

B-cell frequency in hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia

Hepatology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 448-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Sansonno ◽  
Sabino Russi ◽  
Vincenza Conteduca ◽  
Loredana Sansonno
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia ◽  
Cell Frequency

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Mixed Cryoglobulinemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Lauletta ◽  
Sabino Russi ◽  
Vincenza Conteduca ◽  
Loredana Sansonno
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection is recognized as the major cause of mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). Its persistence represents a continuous stimulus for host immune system with production of circulating immune complexes (ICs), one-third of them with cryoprecipitate property. Several factors contribute to the biological activities of ICs, many of which are not completely known. Among them, complement factors play a crucial role in the cold-insoluble ICs-mediated vasculitis, involving primarily small blood vessels in different tissues including skin, kidney, peripheral, and central nervous system. Liver represents the major target of HCV infection with inflammatory infiltrates, resembling secondary lymphoid follicles. Cytokine like CXCL13 contribute to B-cell homing in intraportal lymphoid aggregates, in which B-cell clonal selection may arise. B-cell clonal expansion starts as an antigen-driven event and expands towards indolent and malignant B-cell proliferation. Occurrence of intrahepatic B-cell clonalities correlates with extrahepatic clinical manifestations of HCV infection. In this context, cryoglobulinemic patients should be considered a peculiar HCV-infected population that needs a clinical multidisciplinary approach and more articulated therapeutic measures.

scholarly journals Genetic determinants in hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia: Role of polymorphic variants of BAFF promoter and Fcγ receptors

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1446-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gragnani ◽  
Alessia Piluso ◽  
Carlo Giannini ◽  
Patrizio Caini ◽  
Elisa Fognani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Fcγ Receptors ◽  
Polymorphic Variants

Hepatitis C Virus Infection and B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4668-4668
Author(s):  
Janet G. Grudeva
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pathogenetic Role ◽  
Significant Difference

Backgroud: An increasing number of bacterial and viral infections have been linked with specific subtypes of lymphoma. Preliminary evidence suggests that hepatitis C virus (HCV) might play a pathogenetic role in autoimmune-related, non-malignant B-cell lymphoproliferation, as well as a subset of B-cell non-Hodgkin, s lymphomas (B-NHL), often with extranodal localization. Design and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Hematology and consisted 149 (86 male, 63 female) untreated patients with a new diagnosis of B-NHL for 5-years period (2000–2004). HCV infection was investigated by testing for HCV antibodies in serum samples. The controls were 587 patients (without intravenous drug users) in other departments of the same hospital. Results: HCV infection was documented in 13 cases (8,4%) with NHL. The infected patients were not clinically relevant cryoglobulinemic activity, increased rate of autoimmune disorders and extranodal localizations prevalence. There was statistically significant difference between the NHL and control group (p<0,01) and no statistically significant difference between man/women carriers (p>0,05) into the NHL group. Overall, the clinical outcome of HCV-positive NHL does not seem to be different from that of NHL patients without HCV infection. However, the evidence of a significant liver injury may predict a worse prognosis in these cases. Conclusions: Our date suggest that HCV infection may be associated with B-NHL. With regard to the mechanism(s) by which HCV might favor B-cell expansion and malignant transformation, most date support an indirect pathogenetic role of the virus as an exogenous trigger. A direct oncogenetic role of HCV by direct cell infection and deregulation has only been hypothesized on the basis of the lymphotropism of the virus.

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