Background:
Recent U.S. population data are lacking regarding the achievement of recommended lipid levels according to demographic factors and comorbidities. We evaluated the extent of LDL-C, HDL-C, triglyceride, and overall lipid goal attainment in U.S. adults.
Design, Setting, and Participants:
Data analysis from adults aged ≥20 who had fasted for ≥8 hours (n=2987 representing 132.7 million) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004, a representative cross-sectional survey of the non-institutionalized civilian U.S. population.
Main Outcome Measures:
The proportion of adults at recommended levels for LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and all lipids were examined by gender, age, ethnicity and the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes (DM) or metabolic syndrome (MetS). Goals were <100 mg/dl for LDL-C for DM, CVD, or 2+ risk factors and >20% 10-year risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), <130 mg/dl if 2+ risk factors and ≤20% 10-year risk for CHD, or <160 mg/dl if <2 risk factors; ≥40 mg/dl (male) or ≥50 mg/dl (female) for HDL-C; and <150 mg/dl for triglycerides.
Results:
The proportion at goal for LDL-C was 74.5%, HDL-C 73.2%, triglycerides 73.6%, and 47.5% for all lipids. Control of LDL-C and triglycerides was greater in females, and HDL-C greater in males. Mexican-Americans and persons with CVD, DM, or MetS were least likely to be at recommended levels (see Table
). Table
. Proportion (%) of US adults 2003–2004 at recommended levels for LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and all lipids
Conclusions:
While three-fourths of U.S. adults are at recommended levels for LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides individually, less than half are at goal for all lipids. For persons with DM or CVD, only a third are at goal for LDL-C and only a sixth are at goal for all lipids. Improved treatment efforts to optimize goal attainment of all lipids are required.
Serum Lipid Levels in Relation to Consumption of Yogurt: The 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
