scholarly journals Countermovement Jump and Isokinetic Dynamometry as Measures of Rehabilitation Status After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 687-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwenia O'Malley ◽  
Chris Richter ◽  
Enda King ◽  
Siobhán Strike ◽  
Kieran Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometry ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Context:  Despite an increase in the literature, few definitive guidelines are available to determine when an athlete has been fully rehabilitated after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Objective:  To examine countermovement jump and isokinetic dynamometry measures to (1) identify which measures can best distinguish between ACLR and control participants and (2) provide normative values for identified measures in young adult male multidirectional field-sport athletes. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  Orthopaedic hospital. Patients or Other Participants:  Young adult male multidirectional field-sport athletes (n = 118) who had undergone unilateral patellar-tendon graft ACLR at least 6 months earlier and healthy male participants (n = 44) with no previous knee injury. Intervention(s):  Single-legged countermovement jump (SL CMJ). Main Outcome Measure(s):  Three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of the SL CMJ and mean peak concentric knee-extension and -flexion torque using isokinetic dynamometry (ISO) were compared in the 2 groups. A stepwise logistic regression was carried out to identify the best predictors of ACLR- or control-group membership (SL CMJ height, limb symmetry index, peak power, joint power contribution, ISO peak torque, limb symmetry index variables). Results:  The control group differed strongly from the ACLR group in isokinetic knee-extension peak torque (d = –1.33), SL CMJ performance (d > 0.4), and limb symmetry measures in both ISO and jump outcomes (d > 1.1). The combination of measures from both ISO and SL CMJ identified group membership with an accuracy of 89%. Conclusions:  Rehabilitation of ACLR patients may be complete when they achieve isokinetic knee-extension peak torque of 260% (±40%) body mass, SL CMJ performance of >17 cm (±4 cm), and reach-limb symmetry measures of >90% in both strength and jump outcomes. The outcomes in the control group can inform return-to-play criteria for young adult male multidirectional field-sport athletes after ACLR.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Electromyographic-Biofeedback Supplementation Training with Patellar Taping on Quadriceps Strengthening in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome among Young Adult Male Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4514
Author(s):  
Asma Alonazi ◽  
Shahnaz Hasan ◽  
Shahnawaz Anwer ◽  
Azfar Jamal ◽  
Suhel Parvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Patellar Taping ◽  
Experimental Group

This study compares the effects of electromyographic-biofeedback (EMG-BF)-guided isometric quadriceps strengthening with patellar taping and isometric exercise alone in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) among young adult male athletes. Sixty young adult male athletes with PFPS participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: (1) EMG-BF-guided isometric exercise training with patellar taping (experimental group, n = 30), and (2) sham EMG-BF training with an isometric exercise program (control group, n = 30). Participants conducted their respective exercise programs for five days per week across four weeks. Study outcomes were pain (measured by the visual analog scale), functional disability (measured by the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain scale), and quadriceps strength (measured by an ISOMOVE dynamometer). Measurements were taken at baseline, Week 2, Week 4, and during a follow-up at Week 6. The experimental group demonstrated significantly lower VAS score at Weeks 2 and 4 compared to that of the control group (p = 0.008 and 0.0005, respectively). The score remained significantly lower at the Week 6 follow-up compared to the control group (p = 0.0005). There were no differences in knee function at Weeks 2 and 4 between the two groups (p = 0.086 and 0.171, respectively); however, the experimental group showed significantly better knee function at Week 6 compared to the control group (p = 0.002). There were no differences in quadriceps strength at Week 2 between the two groups (p = 0.259); however, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher quadriceps strength at Weeks 4 and 6 compared to the control group (p = 0.0008). Four weeks of EMG-BF supplementation training with patellar taping demonstrated significant improvements in pain intensity, functional disability, and quadriceps muscle strength in young adult male athletes with PFPS.

Comparison of the Position-Matching and Position-Reproducing Tasks to Detect Deficits in Knee Position Sense After Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Takuma Hoshiba ◽  
Hiroki Nakata ◽  
Yasuaki Saho ◽  
Kazuyuki Kanosue ◽  
Toru Fukubayashi
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knee Position ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Context: Deficits in knee position sense following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can delay an athlete’s return to sport participation and increase the risk of reinjury. Deficits in position sense postreconstruction have been evaluated using either a position-reproducing or position-matching task. Objective: The aim of our study was to combine both to determine which assessment would be more effective to identify deficits in knee position sense. Design: Longitudinal laboratory-based study. Participants: Eleven athletes (6 men and 5 women; mean age, 20.5 [1.2] y), who had undergone ACL reconstruction with an ipsilateral hamstring autograft, and 12 age-matched controls. Interventions: Position sense was evaluated at 6 and 12 months postreconstruction and once for the control group. In addition, peak isokinetic knee extension and flexion strength, at 60°/s and 180°/s, was assessed for the ACL reconstruction group to evaluate possible influences of muscle strength on knee joint position sense. Main Outcome Measures: The variables include the angular differences between the reference limb and indicator limb, and peak torque values of isokinetic knee extension and flexion. Results: Significant matching differences were identified at 6 months postsurgery on the position-matching task, but not at 12 months postsurgery. No significant between-group and within-subject differences were identified on the position-reproducing task. No significant matching errors were identified for the control group. There was no correlation between errors in position sense and maximum isokinetic strength. Conclusion: The position-matching task is more sensitive than the position-reproducing task to identify deficits in knee position sense over the first year following ACL reconstruction surgery.

The Development and Evaluation of a Life Skills Programme for Young Adult Offenders

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 3077-3096
Author(s):  
Jacques Jordaan ◽  
Roelf Beukes ◽  
Karel Esterhuyse
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Adult Male Offenders

The purpose of this research project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a Life Skills programme for young adult male long-term offenders with the aim of improving their life skills that, in turn, could enable them to adjust more effectively in the correctional environment. Experimental research was used to investigate the effectiveness of the programme. In this study, 96 literate young adult male offenders between the ages of 21 and 25 years, with long sentences, were selected randomly. The participants were assigned randomly into an experimental and a control group. The Solomon four-group design was utilized to control for the effect of pretest sensitization. The measurements of the effectiveness of the programme were conducted before the programme commenced, directly (short term) after, 3 months (medium term) after, and 6 months (long term) after. The findings indicated that the programme had limited success in equipping the offenders with the necessary skills crucial to their survival in a correctional centre. The programme did, however, have significant effects, especially on problem solving and anger management in the short and medium term. These improvements were not long lived.

scholarly journals Immediate and 6-week effects of wearing a knee sleeve following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a cross-over laboratory and randomised clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Sole ◽  
Peter Lamb ◽  
Todd Pataky ◽  
Stefan Klima ◽  
Pierre Navarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Isokinetic Peak Torque

Abstract Background Rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions is based mainly on comprehensive progressive exercise programmes using a multi-dimensional approach. Elastic knee sleeves may be useful adjuncts to rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to determine the immediate and 6-week effects of wearing a knee sleeve on person-reported outcomes and function in participants who had undergone an ACL reconstruction and who had residual self-reported functional limitations. Methods Individuals with ACL reconstruction in the previous 6 months to 5 years were recruited. Immediate effects of a commercially-available elastic knee sleeve on single-leg horizontal hop distance were explored using a cross-over design. Following this first session, participants were randomised into a Control Group and a Sleeve Group who wore the sleeve for 6 weeks, at least 1 h daily. Outcome measures for the randomised clinical trial (RCT) were the International Knee Documentation Classification Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF) score, the single-leg horizontal hop distance, and isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring peak torque. Linear mixed models were used to determine random effects. Where both limbs were measured at multiple time points, a random measurement occasion effect nested within participant was used. Results Thirty-four individuals (16 women) with ACL reconstruction completed the cross-over trial. Hop distance for the injured side during the sleeve condition increased by 3.6 % (95 % CI 0.4–6.8 %, p = 0.025). There was no evidence of differential changes between groups for the IKDC-SKF (Sleeve Group n = 15; Control Group n = 16; p = 0.327), or relative improvement in the injured side compared to the uninjured side for the physical performance measures (Sleeve Group n = 12, Control Group n = 12; three-way interaction p = 0.533 [hop distance], 0.381 [quadriceps isokinetic peak torque], and 0.592 [hamstring isokinetic peak torque]). Conclusions Single-leg hop distance of the ACL reconstructed side improved when wearing a knee sleeve. Wearing the knee sleeve over 6 weeks did not lead to enhanced improvements in self-reported knee function, hop distance and thigh muscle strength compared to the control group. Trial registration The trial was prospectively registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No: ACTRN12618001083280, 28 June 2018.

Landing Evaluation in Soccer Players with or without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (13) ◽  
pp. 962-971
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alanazi ◽  
Katy Mitchell ◽  
Toni Roddey ◽  
Aqeel Alenazi ◽  
Msaad Alzhrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Landing Biomechanics ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate landing biomechanics in soccer players following ACLR during two landing tasks. Eighteen soccer players with an ACLR and 18 sex-matched healthy control soccer players participated in the study. Planned landing included jumping forward and landing on the force-plates, whereas unplanned landing included jumping forward to head a soccer ball and landing on the force-plates. A significant landing×group interaction was found only for knee flexion angles (p=0.002). Follow-up comparisons showed that the ACL group landed with greater knee flexion during planned landing compared with unplanned landing (p<0.001). Significant main effects of landing were found. The unplanned landing showed reduction in hip flexion (p<0.001), hip extension moments (p<0.013), knee extension moments (p<0.001), and peak pressure (p<0.001). A significant main effect for group for gastrocnemius muscle was found showing that the ACL group landed with reduced gastrocnemius activity (p=0.002). Unplanned landing showed greater injury predisposing factors compared with planned landing. The ACL group showed nearly similar landing biomechanics to the control group during both landing tasks. However, the ACL group used a protective landing strategy by reducing gastrocnemius activity.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of the hamstring to quadriceps ratio in monitoring of the effectiveness of supervised 6-month physiotherapy in males after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Krzemińska ◽  
Andrzej Czamara
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Isokinetic Test ◽  
Graft Rupture ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of isometric torque (IT) and peak torque (PT) of the hamstring to quadriceps muscles ratio (H/Q ratio) in monitoring the effectiveness of physiotherapy (PH) in males after ACLR. Hypothesis: The H/Q ratio is a diagnostic tool for monitoring of the effectiveness of the 6- month PH after ACLR. Methods: Twenty males 6 months after ACLR (ACLR group) and 20 male controls underwent IT and PT (60°/s and 180°/s) bilateral measurements of H and Q muscles. The IT and PT were normalized to body mass, and expressed as relative IT (RIT) and relative PT (RPT). The RIT and RPT H/Q ratios, and Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) were calculated. Results: In the ACLR group, the RIT for the H and Q, the RIT for the H/Q ratio and most of the RPT, as well as the H/Q ratio, ROM and LSI values of the operated knee, were not significantly different (NSD) than those of the non-operated side (NOS) or the control group. The between-group comparison of the H/Q ratio for RIT and RPT weren’t NSD. The isokinetic test at 180°/s showed lower RPT, H/Q ratio and LSI values for the Q muscle than those of the NOS (p = 0.042, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The H/Q ratio, in combination with the RIT, RPT and LSI, is a useful diagnostic tool for monitoring the effectiveness of 6-month PH after ACLR. Restoring the correct H/Q ratio can reduce the risk factor for ACL graft rupture.

scholarly journals SPORTS MECHANICS REHABILITATION EFFECTS ON KNEE AND MUSCLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 807-809
Author(s):  
Aona Chen ◽  
Shuhua Qu ◽  
Xuejun Ma ◽  
Wenjiang Zhao ◽  
Chenggen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

ABSTRACT Introduction: The knee joint is a complex and important joint in the human body. It plays an active role in maintaining posture balance of the human body in sports, allowing one to bear a larger load and complete various complex technical movements. Objective: To investigate the stability and influence of kinemechanics in knee joint rehabilitation training. Methods: A total of 80 patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury who received treatment in Henan Provincial People's Hospital were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. Results: Six months after surgery, the peak torque (PT), peak torque to body weight ratio (PT/BWT), total work (TWT), Lysholm score and Tegner score, and knee circumference of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P <0.01). The degree of improvement was greater in the observation group:compared with the control group, the difference was highly statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions: Professional exercise rehabilitation has a definite effect on patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It can significantly improve the muscle strength of quadriceps and hamstring, improve the function of knee joint and promote its recovery. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Altered Knee Laxity and Stiffness in Response to a Soccer Match Simulation in Players Returning to Sport Within 12 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110130
Author(s):  
Stefano Nuccio ◽  
Luciana Labanca ◽  
Jacopo Emanuele Rocchi ◽  
Pier Paolo Mariani ◽  
Paola Sbriccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Knee Laxity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Anterior Knee

Background: The acute effects of exercise on anterior knee laxity (AKL) and anterior knee stiffness (AKS) have been documented in healthy participants, but only limited evidence has been provided for athletes cleared to return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine if 45 minutes of a soccer match simulation lead to acute changes in AKL and AKS in soccer players returning to sport within 12 months after ACLR. We hypothesized that the reconstructed knee of the ACLR group would exhibit an altered response to sport-specific exercise. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 13 soccer players cleared to return to sport after ACLR and 13 healthy control soccer players matched for age, physical activity level, limb dominance, and anthropometric characteristics were recruited. To assess the effects of a standardized soccer match simulation (Soccer Aerobic Field Test [SAFT45]) on AKL and AKS, an arthrometric evaluation was carried out bilaterally before and immediately after SAFT45. To conduct a comprehensive examination of the force-displacement curve, the absolute and side-to-side difference (SSD) values of both AKL and AKS were extracted at 67, 134, and 200 N. Results: The ACLR and control groups showed similar AKL and AKS at baseline ( P > .05). In response to SAFT45, laxity increased bilaterally at all force levels by 14% to 17% only in the control group ( P < .025). Similarly, AKS at 134 and 200 N decreased in response to SAFT45 only in the control group (10.5% and 20.5%, respectively; P < .025). After SAFT45, the ACLR group had 1.9 and 2.5 times higher SSDs of AKS at 67 and 134 N compared with the control group, respectively ( P < .025), as well as a 1.9 times higher SSD of AKS at 134 N compared with baseline ( P = .014). Conclusion: Soccer players at the time of return to sport after ACLR showed an altered mechanical response to a sport-specific match simulation consisting of bilaterally unchanged AKL and AKS. Clinical Relevance: Soccer players showing altered AKL and AKS in response to exercise after ACLR may not be ready to sustain their preinjury levels of sport, thus potentially increasing the risk of second ACL injuries.

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