The Development and Evaluation of a Life Skills Programme for Young Adult Offenders

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 3077-3096
Author(s):  
Jacques Jordaan ◽  
Roelf Beukes ◽  
Karel Esterhuyse
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Adult Male Offenders

The purpose of this research project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a Life Skills programme for young adult male long-term offenders with the aim of improving their life skills that, in turn, could enable them to adjust more effectively in the correctional environment. Experimental research was used to investigate the effectiveness of the programme. In this study, 96 literate young adult male offenders between the ages of 21 and 25 years, with long sentences, were selected randomly. The participants were assigned randomly into an experimental and a control group. The Solomon four-group design was utilized to control for the effect of pretest sensitization. The measurements of the effectiveness of the programme were conducted before the programme commenced, directly (short term) after, 3 months (medium term) after, and 6 months (long term) after. The findings indicated that the programme had limited success in equipping the offenders with the necessary skills crucial to their survival in a correctional centre. The programme did, however, have significant effects, especially on problem solving and anger management in the short and medium term. These improvements were not long lived.

scholarly journals Predictors of Aggression Among Sample-Specific Young Adult Offenders: Continuation of Violent Behavior Within South African Correctional Centers

2021 ◽  
pp. 105756772199843
Author(s):  
Jacques Jordaan ◽  
Anni Hesselink
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Male Offenders ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Adult Male Offenders

Offenders in South Africa face dehumanizing conditions in overcrowded correctional centers known for constant violence and corruption. These offenders need to cope and adjust to life within a correctional center. However, the majority of young adult male offenders use aggression to adjust to the correctional environment. It is, therefore, essential to identify which predictor variables predict aggression the best among incarcerated young adult male offenders. This study focused on 243 young adult male maximum-security offenders sampled through convenience sampling. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate which variable(s) or set(s) of variables explain a significant percentage of the variance of aggression. The results indicated that problem-solving, seeking social support, and avoidance, as a set of predictors, significantly predicted physical aggression, anger, and hostility. These findings seem to suggest that to decrease physical aggression, anger, and hostility among young adult offenders, it would be advisable to implement interventions that would (i) increase their problem-solving skills, (ii) improve their social support, and (iii) teach them to refrain from making use of avoidance as a coping strategy.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Electromyographic-Biofeedback Supplementation Training with Patellar Taping on Quadriceps Strengthening in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome among Young Adult Male Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4514
Author(s):  
Asma Alonazi ◽  
Shahnaz Hasan ◽  
Shahnawaz Anwer ◽  
Azfar Jamal ◽  
Suhel Parvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Patellar Taping ◽  
Experimental Group

This study compares the effects of electromyographic-biofeedback (EMG-BF)-guided isometric quadriceps strengthening with patellar taping and isometric exercise alone in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) among young adult male athletes. Sixty young adult male athletes with PFPS participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: (1) EMG-BF-guided isometric exercise training with patellar taping (experimental group, n = 30), and (2) sham EMG-BF training with an isometric exercise program (control group, n = 30). Participants conducted their respective exercise programs for five days per week across four weeks. Study outcomes were pain (measured by the visual analog scale), functional disability (measured by the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain scale), and quadriceps strength (measured by an ISOMOVE dynamometer). Measurements were taken at baseline, Week 2, Week 4, and during a follow-up at Week 6. The experimental group demonstrated significantly lower VAS score at Weeks 2 and 4 compared to that of the control group (p = 0.008 and 0.0005, respectively). The score remained significantly lower at the Week 6 follow-up compared to the control group (p = 0.0005). There were no differences in knee function at Weeks 2 and 4 between the two groups (p = 0.086 and 0.171, respectively); however, the experimental group showed significantly better knee function at Week 6 compared to the control group (p = 0.002). There were no differences in quadriceps strength at Week 2 between the two groups (p = 0.259); however, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher quadriceps strength at Weeks 4 and 6 compared to the control group (p = 0.0008). Four weeks of EMG-BF supplementation training with patellar taping demonstrated significant improvements in pain intensity, functional disability, and quadriceps muscle strength in young adult male athletes with PFPS.

A-58 Unusual Presentation of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis in a Young Adult Male: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1100-1100
Author(s):  
Racheal Smetana ◽  
Donna Broshek
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis

Abstract Objective To illustrate an unusual presentation of anti-n-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis in a young adult male. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is an autoimmune-mediated disorder with psychiatric and neurological features that can have lasting impact on cognition. Unique presentation, diagnosis, and assessment are presented. Method Patient is a 28-year-old, Caucasian male with a history of bipolar disorder. Initial hospital presentation was characterized by headache, tremor, and acute altered mental status. Imaging revealed chronic meningitis with diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement/multiple cranial nerve enhancement, hydrocephalus, and Chiari I malformation. He underwent external ventricular drain (EVD) placement and was discharged upon stabilization. He presented 1 month later with symptom recurrence and interval development of hydrocephalus. CSF studies were positive for NMDAR antibody. He was treated with immunotherapy. His 3-month long hospitalization was complicated by acute respiratory failure and intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhages. He was discharged to 1 month of inpatient rehabilitation. Results Neuropsychological assessment was completed 4 months following discharge from rehabilitation. Visual deficits due to grade 1 papilledema complicated testing. Results revealed frontal deficits (focused attention, processing, and executive functions), with intact verbal learning/memory. This deviates from previous literature that specify verbal memory dysfunction as a core long-term outcome of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Conclusions This case highlights an unusual presentation and neuropsychological assessment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Rare presentations of anti-NMDAR encephalitis can preclude clinical diagnosis and compromise long-term cognitive outcomes if not rapidly and effectively treated. Additionally, mood symptoms may have been early manifestation of the patient’s disease process. Despite acute complications, he demonstrated remarkable functional and cognitive recovery.

Very short exposure of volatile anesthetics induces long-term learning deficit in young adult male rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
K. Uchimoto ◽  
H. Fujimoto ◽  
K. Yonezaki ◽  
T. Miyazaki ◽  
T. Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Volatile Anesthetics ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Learning Deficit ◽  
Young Adult Male

Long-term effects of parental divorce on young adult male crime

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte Mednick ◽  
Charlotte Reznick ◽  
Dennis Hocevar ◽  
Robert Baker
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Young Adult Male
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