scholarly journals Die vroeë kommunikasieontwikkeling van ’n groep babas met pediatriese MIV/VIGS in sorgsentrums

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Bam ◽  
Alta Kritzinger ◽  
Brenda Louw
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Secondary Interventions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence

The high prevalence and serious sequelae of the pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) in South Africa pose great challenges for clinicians involved in early intervention to develop appropriate interdisciplinary programmes for primary prevention of transmission of the virus as well as secondary interventions directed at the early management of the unique combination of serious health problems, neuro-developmental needs and caregiving circumstances of the infants. Opsomming Die hoë prevalensie en ernstige gevolge van die pediatriese menslike immuniteitsgebrek-virus (MIV/VIGS) in Suid-Afrika stel groot uitdagings aan klinici betrokke by vroeë intervensie om toepaslike interdissiplinêre programme te ontwikkel vir primêre voorkoming van oordrag van die virus asook sekondêre intervensies gerig op die vroeë hantering van die babas se unieke kombinasie van ernstige Gesondheids-probleme, neuro-ontwikkelingsbehoeftes en versorgingsomstandighede. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

scholarly journals Chromosomal radiosensitivity of human immunodeficiency virus positive/negative cervical cancer patients in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVIA HERD ◽  
FLAVIA FRANCIES ◽  
JEFFREY KOTZEN ◽  
TRUDY SMITH ◽  
ZWIDE NXUMALO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Modelling the epidemiologic impact of achieving UNAIDS fast-track 90-90-90 and 95-95-95 targets in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Abuelezam ◽  
A. W. McCormick ◽  
E. D. Surface ◽  
T. Fussell ◽  
K. A. Freedberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractUNAIDS established fast-track targets of 73% and 86% viral suppression among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals by 2020 and 2030, respectively. The epidemiologic impact of achieving these goals is unknown. The HIV-Calibrated Dynamic Model, a calibrated agent-based model of HIV transmission, is used to examine scenarios of incremental improvements to the testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) continuum in South Africa in 2015. The speed of intervention availability is explored, comparing policies for their predicted effects on incidence, prevalence and achievement of fast-track targets in 2020 and 2030. Moderate (30%) improvements in the continuum will not achieve 2020 or 2030 targets and have modest impacts on incidence and prevalence. Improving the continuum by 80% and increasing availability reduces incidence from 2.54 to 0.80 per 100 person-years (−1.73, interquartile range (IQR): −1.42, −2.13) and prevalence from 26.0 to 24.6% (−1.4 percentage points, IQR: −0.88, −1.92) from 2015 to 2030 and achieves fast track targets in 2020 and 2030. Achieving 90-90-90 in South Africa is possible with large improvements to the testing and treatment continuum. The epidemiologic impact of these improvements depends on the balance between survival and transmission benefits of ART with the potential for incidence to remain high.

scholarly journals Subtypes of Epstein-Barr virus in human immunodeficiency virus- associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 3004-3011 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Boyle ◽  
WA Sewell ◽  
TB Sculley ◽  
A Apolloni ◽  
JJ Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type B ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Biopsy samples obtained from 20 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were assessed for evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HIV sequences. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NHL tissue and specific viral gene sequences were sought using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). EBV sequences were found in 10 NHL samples (50%), with five tumors showing A-type and five B-type sequences. By serologic testing, 18 of 19 patients had antibodies to EBV, with 14 patients having antibodies to A-type EBV and 11 to B-type EBV. Serology confirmed the high prevalence of type B EBV in HIV-infected patients, but was not a reliable indicator of the EBV subtype present in the lymphomas. HIV sequences were present in biopsy tissue but at a level consistent with an origin from bystander HIV-infected cells. All 20 patients were negative by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus-type I. The high prevalence of type B EBV in these tumors is similar to the findings in endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, where 40% of the tumors have type B viral sequences. In normal populations, type B EBV is rarely found outside the nasopharynx. These studies support the hypothesis that EBV is an important cofactor in NHL in HIV-infected persons. The finding that B- type EBV is present in 25% of HIV-associated NHL suggests that this EBV subtype may be an important human pathogen with a wider geographic distribution than originally thought.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Kaposi’s Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus to Mortality in Hospitalized Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients Being Investigated for Tuberculosis in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J Blumenthal ◽  
Charlotte Schutz ◽  
David Barr ◽  
Michael Locketz ◽  
Vickie Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Castleman Disease ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Multicentric Castleman Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus

AbstractBackgroundDespite increasing numbers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected South Africans receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of mortality. Approximately 25% of patients treated for TB have microbiologically unconfirmed diagnoses. We assessed whether elevated Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) viral load (VL) contributes to mortality in hospitalized HIV-infected patients investigated for TB.MethodsSix hundred eighty-two HIV-infected patients admitted to Khayelitsha Hospital, South Africa, were recruited, investigated for TB, and followed for 12 weeks. KSHV serostatus, peripheral blood KSHV-VL, and KSHV-associated clinical correlates were evaluated.ResultsMedian CD4 count was 62 (range, 0–526) cells/μL; KSHV seropositivity was 30.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27%–34%); 5.8% had detectable KSHV-VL (median, 199.1 [range, 13.4–2.2 × 106] copies/106 cells); 22% died. Elevated KSHV-VL was associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 6.5 [95% CI, 1.3–32.4]) in patients without TB or other microbiologically confirmed coinfections (n = 159). Six patients had “possible KSHV-inflammatory cytokine syndrome” (KICS): 5 died, representing significantly worse survival (P < .0001), and 1 patient was diagnosed with KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease at autopsy.ConclusionsGiven the association of mortality with elevated KSHV-VL in critically ill HIV-infected patients with suspected but not microbiologically confirmed TB, KSHV-VL and KICS criteria may guide diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation.

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