scholarly journals Thohoyandou’s central business district and the hypothetical accessibility challenges for emergency services

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Anyumba
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Hypothetical Situation ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Retail Development ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Business District

Thohoyandou is a town in the Limpopo province of South Africa, with a population of 69 453 according to 2011 Census. It has rapidly filled up the spatial limits of its central business district (CBD) to such an extent that the latest retail development, the Thavhani Mall, has leapfrogged the P-East residential area into the open spaces to the south of the CBD across the R 254. The objective of this study was to determine if emergency services - that is, police, ambulance and fire brigade - could access all parts of the CBD in a hypothetical situation of multiple disasters occurring simultaneously. The study method mapped the CBD’s urban morphological elements and determined, through qualitative descriptions, the frictional spaces each of the emergency services would face in attempting to access all parts of the CBD. The findings were, firstly, that in a ‘worst case scenario’ the emergency services would face formidable infrastructure, human and mobility obstacles in their pathways. The second finding is that the emergency services would not be able to cope with a high-impact disaster or a multiplicity of disasters. The study identified precautions that should be considered by the municipality and other stakeholders in order to mitigate the potential risks of human-induced disasters in the CBD.

scholarly journals Measuring thermal comfort in a built environment: A case study in a Central Business District, Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 918 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
N A Putri ◽  
R Hermawan ◽  
L Karlinasari
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Business District

Abstract It is obvious that an increase in the built environment in many major cities is not balanced with the availability of green open space causing environmental problems such as an increase in accumulative city temperature (e.g., urban heat island). Therefore, many initiatives have been implemented to integrate more green open spaces in an effort to deal with increasing air temperatures in cities, but baseline information on the positive impact on the built environment is still lacking. The objective of this study was to identify thermal comfort in green open spaces and built environments in a central business district. Basic microclimate variables and thermal humidity index (THI) were analyzed in three sites representing the district by also considering the distribution of green open spaces, buildings, and traffics. Results showed that in the morning, the average temperature at the three sampling points have a low temperature (T=27.77-28.50°C) with high humidity (RH=77.21-80.97%) and the THI value is quite comfortable (THI=26.72-27.22°C), while during the daytime, the temperature conditions at the three sites have high temperatures (T=31.37-33.04°C) with low humidity (RH=63.30-65.80%) and high THI values (THI=29.22-30.62°C). In the afternoon, the temperature conditions at the three sample points have a high enough temperature (T=29.70-30.61°C) and high humidity (RH=67.36-71.02%), while the THI value is only in point two, which is close to the quite comfortable category (THI=27.98°C), while other locations have a value THI=28.60°C and 28.62°C. The results of this study mark the presence of green open space with the trees in the district has a positive effect on decreasing air temperature and hence increasing environmental comfort. The addition and enrichment of trees can be done to increase thermal comfort in the built environment.

scholarly journals Xenophobic attacks on foreign shop owners and street vendors in Louis Trichardt Central Business District, Limpopo Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kholofelo Mothibi ◽  
Cornelis Roelofse ◽  
Thompho Tshivhase
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Phenomenological Research ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Physically Abused ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Police Action ◽  
Business District

Xenophobic attacks in South Africa in 2008 and 2015 sent shockwaves through the country and the world. In these events, around 70 people were killed while thousands were displaced; and, property and products of street vendors and shop owners were destroyed. This phenomenological research project is confined to Louis Trichardt in Limpopo Province wherefrom a cohort of foreign street vendors and shop owners were interviewed. The lived experiences of being verbally and physically abused as well as of some acquaintances being killed, has clearly left them traumatised and living in fear. The article finds that contributory factors to xenophobic attacks experienced by foreign shop owners and street vendors range from competition over scarce resources, stereotypes and inter-group anxiety. Finally, it offers some recommendations about education for South Africans and measured police action.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of a novel smartphone application to mobilize first responders after witnessed OHCA in Belgium

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Vercammen ◽  
Esther Moens
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Baseline Case ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Background EVapp (Emergency Volunteer Application) is a Belgian smartphone application that mobilizes volunteers to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation with publicly available automatic external defibrillators (AED) after an emergency call for suspected out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The aim is to bridge the time before the arrival of the emergency services. Methods An accessible model was developed, using literature data, to simulate survival and cost-effectiveness of nation-wide EVapp implementation. Initial validation was performed using field data from a first pilot study of EVapp implementation in a city in Flanders, covering 2.5 years of implementation. Results Simulation of nation-wide EVapp implementation resulted in an additional yearly 910 QALY gained over the current baseline case scenario (worst case 632; best case 3204). The cost per QALY associated with EVapp implementation was comparable to the baseline scenario, i.e., 17 vs 18 k€ QALY−1. Conclusions EVapp implementation was associated with a positive balance on amount of QALY gained and cost of QALY. This was a consequence of both the lower healthcare costs for patients with good neurological outcome and the more efficient use of yet available resources, which did not outweigh the costs of operation.

scholarly journals Symptoms of accounting practices that contribute to small business failures

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jubilant J. Sibanda ◽  
David Charles Manda
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Business Failures ◽  
Business District

The purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate SMEs’ implementation of minimum accounting practices which are some of the real underlying symptoms that lead to small and medium-size (SMEs) business failures, especially in rural and semi-urban areas. The study was conducted in Thohoyandou, the Central Business District (CBD) of Thulamela Municipality in the Vhembe district in Limpopo province, South Africa. The study used data based on responses to a structured questionnaire from randomly selected SMEs in Thohoyandou, an area whose SME business environment is similar to the challenges and opportunities faced by many other rural and semi-urban areas in South Africa. Due to cost and time constraints, the study sample was limited to 40 SMEs. The study findings confirm that SMEs often fail to comply with fundamental accounting practices like maintaining complete accounting records, which limits business information vital for decision making, as they think there is no need to keep them and that it exposes their financial position. The relevance of the study is to show how non-adherence to adequate accounting practices can negatively affect SMEs financial performance which consequently contribute to their inevitable failure. The study recommends development of training policy guidelines to sensitize SMEs of the need to comply with relevant accounting practices including internal controls and the legal requirements. Keywords: accounting practices, SMEs, symptoms, record keeping, failures. JEL Classification: M41

Reducing Probabilistic Weather Forecasts to the Worst Case Scenario: Anchoring Effects

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Savelli ◽  
Susan Joslyn ◽  
Limor Nadav-Greenberg ◽  
Queena Chen
Keyword(s):  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Worst Case Scenario ◽  
Anchoring Effects

EXPEDITION TO MALI, 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-28
Author(s):  
D. V. Vaniukova ◽  
◽  
P. A. Kutsenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Murder ◽  
The State ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
The Village

The research expedition of the Institute of Oriental studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been working in Mali since 2015. Since 2017, it has been attended by employees of the State Museum of the East. The task of the expedition is to study the transformation of traditional Dogon culture in the context of globalization, as well as to collect ethnographic information (life, customs, features of the traditional social and political structure); to collect oral historical legends; to study the history, existence, and transformation of artistic tradition in the villages of the Dogon Country in modern conditions; collecting items of Ethnography and art to add to the collection of the African collection of the. Peter the Great Museum (Kunstkamera, Saint Petersburg) and the State Museum of Oriental Arts (Moscow). The plan of the expedition in January 2020 included additional items, namely, the study of the functioning of the antique market in Mali (the “path” of things from villages to cities, which is important for attributing works of traditional art). The geography of our research was significantly expanded to the regions of Sikasso and Koulikoro in Mali, as well as to the city of Bobo-Dioulasso and its surroundings in Burkina Faso, which is related to the study of migrations to the Bandiagara Highlands. In addition, the plan of the expedition included organization of a photo exhibition in the Museum of the village of Endé and some educational projects. Unfortunately, after the mass murder in March 2019 in the village of Ogossogou-Pel, where more than one hundred and seventy people were killed, events in the Dogon Country began to develop in the worst-case scenario: The incessant provocations after that revived the old feud between the Pel (Fulbe) pastoralists and the Dogon farmers. So far, this hostility and mutual distrust has not yet developed into a full-scale ethnic conflict, but, unfortunately, such a development now seems quite likely.

Risk-Based Robust Bidding Strategies for EVs’ Aggregators in Day-ahead Markets with Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelmoaty ◽  
Wessam Mesbah ◽  
Mohammad A. M. Abdel-Aal ◽  
Ali T. Alawami
Keyword(s):  
Robust Optimization ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Bidding Strategies ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Optimal Bidding

In the recent electricity market framework, the profit of the generation companies depends on the decision of the operator on the schedule of its units, the energy price, and the optimal bidding strategies. Due to the expanded integration of uncertain renewable generators which is highly intermittent such as wind plants, the coordination with other facilities to mitigate the risks of imbalances is mandatory. Accordingly, coordination of wind generators with the evolutionary Electric Vehicles (EVs) is expected to boost the performance of the grid. In this paper, we propose a robust optimization approach for the coordination between the wind-thermal generators and the EVs in a virtual<br>power plant (VPP) environment. The objective of maximizing the profit of the VPP Operator (VPPO) is studied. The optimal bidding strategy of the VPPO in the day-ahead market under uncertainties of wind power, energy<br>prices, imbalance prices, and demand is obtained for the worst case scenario. A case study is conducted to assess the e?effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of the VPPO's profit. A comparison between the proposed model and the scenario-based optimization was introduced. Our results confirmed that, although the conservative behavior of the worst-case robust optimization model, it helps the decision maker from the fluctuations of the uncertain parameters involved in the production and bidding processes. In addition, robust optimization is a more tractable problem and does not suffer from<br>the high computation burden associated with scenario-based stochastic programming. This makes it more practical for real-life scenarios.<br>

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