Therapeutic interventions employed when working with maltreated children

A number of effective treatments are available for children and young people who have developed various forms of psychological difficulties as a consequence of traumatic experiences. The aim of this paper is to review the therapeutic approaches employed when working with children who have been exposed to various forms of abuse and neglect during their childhood. This paper provides relevant information to psychotherapists and counsellors on new trends in therapy, as well as techniques and possibilities in interventions in this field, not only with respect to traumatised children, but also family members and other caregivers involved in the child’s life. Furthermore, this paper reviews the therapeutic interventions used to treat emotionally, sexually, and physically abused children, neglected children, children who have witnessed domestic violence, and children who have been exposed to multiple forms of abuse.

Experiences and Perceived Benefits of a Youth Skateboarding Program in South Africa: From the Physical to Emotional and Beyond

This study aimed to assess the mental health needs and risk behaviors of adolescents attending an afterschool life-skills skateboarding program, to evaluate the perceived benefits of the program, and to identify potential modifications required to meet the identified needs. Program participants were from three gang- and poverty-affected urban communities in Cape Town, South Africa. Seventy-six adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years old (83% male) completed a self-report survey, and 24 adolescents and 19 key influencers participated in in-depth interviews and focus groups. Descriptive analyses were conducted on survey data and a framework approach was used to analyze qualitative data. 72% of the adolescents reported symptoms of moderate to severe anxiety and/or depressive symptoms, 66% had experienced food insecurity, 45% had been physically abused at home, 47% had been bullied, and 59% had used alcohol. Benefits of the program included experiencing a sense of belonging to a skateboarding subculture, protection from gang recruitment and community violence, physical and emotional benefits of exercise, mentors as positive role models, and learning life skills. Recommendations to improve the program were to include information on depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts and grief, and to include stress management and emotion regulation skills.

Awareness and Health Risk Protection Behaviours of Scavengers in the Gbalahi Landfill Site in the Era of Sustainable Development, Ghana

Scavenging is a pivotal in achieving sustainable waste management, environment health and economic development. The purpose of the study was to assess the practices, knowledge, perception and health risk protection behaviours of waste scavengers in the Gbalahi landfill site. A total of 60 scavengers were conveniently sampled and interviewed. The study showed 83% of the respondents had an average monthly income between GH¢ 1.00 to GH¢ 100.00 whereas 17% had between GH¢ 101.00 to GH¢ 300.00. The study also revealed 93% of the respondents sort waste using hooks and their bare hands. The respondents that have ever been physically abused by other scavengers were 62%. A significant number of scavengers believed they have been fortified against “dirt diseases” during their childhood and have developed natural immunity against diseases. The knowledge of scavengers was skewed towards economic benefits as they viewed scavenging as a survival strategy. Safety and protection practices are limited to the use of pieces of clothes to cover the nose, wearing of multiple clothes and worn-out boots recovered from the landfill. Discrimination and physical abuse posed a seemingly significant psychological health risk to majority of them. Covid-19 health risks behaviours, majority of the respondents risk being exposed to the virus and pathogens. Scavengers should be provided with personal protective equipment and / or strictly made to obey safety and protection protocols.

PELAKU PEDOFILIA (Tinjauan Dari Faktor Penyebab dan Aspek Dinamika Psikologis)

This study aims to find out the psychological dynamics in pedophiles. The focus of research is the factors causing pedophile behavior in perpetrators. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The results showed that the perpetrator was a person known by the victim, namely the neighbor and the teacher. In general, the three participants have similarities in the factors causing pedophile behavior. The main common factors of the three participants in this study are the lack of affection from the family, especially the father figure, low self-esteem, failure to have a relationship with a partner, feeling disappointed or frustrated, consumption of pornographic content, and the inability to control sexual desire. Meanwhile, the different factors of the three participants were poor environment, having a less harmonious family background, relatively low level of economy, and education. Having-teen sexual experiences or have been victims of sexual harassment, having been physically abused or the victims of bullying and having sexual disorders can also be the factors. In addition, all three participants had a lack of sex education or understanding related to participants' cognitive aspects. There are also some factors related to affective aspects, namely feelings of guilt or even feeling of satisfaction after these three participants engage in inpedophile behavior. The conative aspect includes other factors such as the consumption of pornographic content, and the way participants give the lure to the victims and their threats, as well as how to perform pedophile behavior by inserting genitals into the victim's anus and then touching, pressing down the victim's genitals.

Effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral Play Therapy on Improving Anxiety and Aggression Disorders in a Child With ADHD: A Case Study

This study aimed to assess the effects of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on anxiety and aggression in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by reporting a 7-year-old boy with ADHD inattentive type diagnosed by a psychiatrist. According to the interview, it was observed that the child was physically abused by the father. The chief complaint of the patient’s family was the symptoms of aggression, anxiety disorder, and urinary incontinence. We used the trauma system therapy model, which is used for children and adolescents who have had traumatic experiences and problems with emotional and behavioral modifications. The intervention was provided in 8 sessions for 2 days a week and lasted 45 minutes each. The child was evaluated using the Aggression Scale for Preschoolers and Preschool Anxiety Scale. The results of this study showed that cognitive behavior play therapy can reduce anxiety and aggression in ADHD children who are physically abused.

Plautus’s Curculio

Plautus’s shortest play Curculio has not drawn the same attention from scholars, authors, and performers over the centuries as his Menaechmi, Amphitruo, Pseudolus, and Miles Gloriosus, yet the play offers a set of dramatis personae that encompasses all the main stock characters of Roman comedy (with the exception of mother and father figures), a plot that ties together three common Plautine storylines (erotic, deception, and recognition), and an unparalleled metatheatrical monologue from a truly unique character, the Choragus. The young citizen man Phaedromus desires Planesium, enslaved to the sex-trafficker Cappadox, who is asking for more money than Phaedromus has. Phaedromus’s parasite Curculio, sent on a journey to Caria in search of a loan, comes back instead with a ring stolen from the soldier Therapontigonus, who has contracted with Cappadox to purchase Planesium. Using the ring to forge documents and an eyepatch disguise, Curculio (under the pseudonym Summanus) tricks both Cappadox and Lyco the banker into handing Planesium over. Therapontigonus arrives, enraged at being tricked, but soon learns that Planesium, who has recognized Therapontigonus’s stolen ring on Curculio’s finger, is his long-lost sister. They are reunited, Planesium is acknowledged as a citizen, the two of them agree to a marriage between Planesium and Phaedromus, and Cappadox is physically abused and forced to repay Therapontigonus. The title character influences Terence’s Phormio and Catullus’s erotic persona, as well as the stock character Ligurio in Italian commedia dell’arte; meanwhile, the recognition and reunion of the soldier Therapontigonus with Planesium, his sister and erstwhile object of erotic desire, inspires similar plot twists in Molière, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, and more. The play’s concision and nonstop action have made it a popular choice for student productions, particularly at North American colleges and universities. This article comprehensively catalogues scholarship on Curculio, beginning with overarching works (general studies, editions, the manuscript tradition, commentaries, translations) and then moving into the major topics of scholarly interest in the play: Greek original and Plautine adaptation; plot, staging, and music; themes and characters; social and historical contexts; humor and language; and reception and performance history. For other surveys of Plautine scholarship, see the separate Oxford Bibliographies articles Plautus, Plautus’s Amphitruo, and Plautus’s Miles Gloriosus. See also the separate Oxford Bibliographies articles on the main surviving playwright of Greek New Comedy, Menander of Athens, and Plautus’s Roman comedic contemporaries Terence and Caecilius Statius.

Chronic Subdural Hygroma in Battered Baby.

The battered baby syndrome is a condition in which a child is seriously physically abused by thecaregiver or parents. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 40 million children aresubjected to abuse and neglect around the world. Most of the industrialized countries have theirreporting and surveillance system and data on child battery but in developing countries includingIndia, there is a lack of data regarding the extent of child battering that takes place within thehouseholds or institutions. India published a report on one of the largest surveys done on childabuse and found that two out of every three children were physically abused and 88.6% of themsuffered at the hands of their parents. Unfortunately, the methodology restricted the study to onlyolder children who could give a history of abuse. Therefore, the magnitude of the problem given onlyhighlights among children above the age of 5 years. [1]. we are reporting a case of an Infant withFebrile encephalopathy, detailed examination and investigation found out a case of chronic SubduralHygroma with classical neuroimaging features of Abusive trauma. We have done a multidisciplinaryapproach with a Neurosurgeon, a social worker who treated the child with burr hole surgery forsubdural hygroma & the child recovered with consciousness. This case is Special because a 5-monthMale infant was subjected to abuse due to a psychological problem in a Family Member, suspicionwas lacking as males are unlikely to undergo gender-biased in India and Early age of presentation.

The Effects of Exposure to Domestic Violence on Sleep Among Urban Adults

Purpose: Domestic violence contributes to poor health including sleep disruptions, which has been associated with risk for chronic conditions and ultimately, premature mortality. The present study examined the effects of ever witnessing domestic violence on sleep among urban neighborhoods of color. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Ten of Chicago’s 77 community areas. Participants: Adults, aged 18 years and older (N = 1,543, Response Rate = 28.4%). Over 49% of participants reported a Hispanic ethnicity, 34.8 percent reported being non-Hispanic Black and 14.2 percent reported being White. Measures: We used the Sinai Community Health Survey, 2.0, to examine: average hours of sleep in a 24-hour period, ever witnessing domestic violence, ever being emotionally or physically abused, frequent stress in the past 12 months, and other key covariates (race and ethnicity, annual household income, sex, and health status). Analysis: Multivariate logistic regression. Results: In the full model, participants who reported witnessing domestic violence were significantly less likely to report meeting sleep recommendations even after controlling for ever being emotionally or physically abused, frequently feeling stress, demographic factors, and health status. Non-Hispanic Blacks were most likely to report not meeting sleep recommendations (OR = .54, 95% CI = .30-.96, P = .036). Conclusion: Witnessing domestic violence contributes to not meeting sleep recommendations and this appears to be most salient for Non-Hispanic Blacks. These point-in-time findings document an important potential contributor to racial health disparities.

A Retrospective Study on Data from Animal-Related Complaints, Abuse, Cruelty, Trafficking and Trade Received by Animal Welfare Organizations in Singapore in 2016

Introduction: Singapore is a first-world country, protected by an advanced police force, competent in investigating crime against human citizens. Little is known about crime against animals and what Singapore does in these instances. Methods: This research considered data from reports of various animal crime that occurred in 2016 as recorded by the three animal welfare organizations appointed to investigate crimes against animals (AVS, SPCA and ACRES). Details of the cases collected were sorted using eight parameters: date, location, perpetrator, victim, type of crime or complaint, case outcome, organization, and punishment. The type of crime or complaint were divided into the categories: abandoned, allowed to roam, barking animal, caged, poor conditions, sick and untreated, physically abused, poisoned, deceased, taken from the wild, illegal possession, illegal sale, smuggling, and licencing. Results: In 2016, a total of 831 cases committed by 839 perpetrators were reported, for a total of 2357 minimum number of animals involved, comprehensive of animal parts and items made from animals. The largest proportion of the cases occurred against domestic animals and in housing districts. Despite these high numbers, only perpetrators in 11 cases were charged with fines and/or imprisonment time. Conclusions: This research paints, for the first time, a picture of what animal crime looks in the Singaporean society. Results are of pivotal importance to identify criminal hot spots, most common type of crimes, and animal categories that are most often victimised, aiming to facilitate the work of the organizations involved in investigating animal-related crime in Singapore.