scholarly journals Observations on some cardiopulmonary effects of midazolam, xylazine and a midazolam / ketamine combination in the goat

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Stegmann
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Change In Mean

Xylazine, midazolam and a midazolam / ketamine combination were administered to 6 goats in a randomised 3-way block design. All goats received all treatments with at least a 7-day interval between treatments. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) changes were observed in some of the measured cardiopulmonary variables for xylazine and midazolam/ ketamine. Xylazine administration resulted in statistically significant decreases in minute volume, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, heart rate andmeanarterial blood pressure. The increase in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide was not statistically significant. For the midazolam / ketamine combination, the decrease in tidal volume was statistically significant, but not the decrease in minute volume and increase in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The decrease in the arterial partial pressure of oxygen was also statistically significant. The mean arterial blood pressure for the combination was statistically significantly higher compared to xylazine. The changes in cardiopulmonary variables after midazolam administration were not statistically significant, such as tidal and minute volume, arterial partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide. However, clinically significant effects such as hypoventilation and hypoxia were observed after its administration. The change in mean arterial blood pressure was minimal.

scholarly journals Optimal Duration of the Apnea Test for Determining Brain Death: Benefit of the Short-Term Apnea Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Min Baik ◽  
Jin Park ◽  
Tae Yoon Kim ◽  
Jung Hwa Lee ◽  
Kyung Sook Hong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Brain Death ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Apnea Test ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Brain Death Determination ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: The criteria for brain death determination have not been unified globally, and there is no global consensus on the apnea test, which is essential for determining brain death. Since the apnea test is associated with many complications, we aimed to determine an optimal duration of the apnea test.Methods: We analyzed the results of the apnea test performed for brain death determination between August 2013 and February 2021 at a single institution in South Korea. Elevations in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and mean arterial blood pressure fluctuations over time in the apnea test were recorded.Results: In the 1st and 2nd tests, the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide increased by more than 20 mmHg at 3 min after the apnea test compared to before the test (P < 0.05). At 4 min in the 1st test and 5 min in the 2nd test, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide exceeded 60 mmHg (P < 0.05). The fluctuation in the mean arterial blood pressure observed for 5 min during the apnea test was not significant. There was no significant fluctuation in the mean arterial blood pressure over time in the apnea test between patients with normal chest radiography findings and those with abnormal chest radiography findings (P = 0.888).Conclusion: Our study proposes that a short-term apnea test protocol is valid for the preservation of organs for donation.

scholarly journals Effects of pneumoperitoneum and trendelenburg position on intraocular pressure (IOP) in isofluorane anesthetised cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arilton Teodoro De Souza ◽  
Débora De Oliveira Garcia ◽  
Lilian Toshiko Nishimura ◽  
Marcos Lúcio Magalhães ◽  
Ewaldo De Mattos-junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Trendelenburg Position ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Ocular Pressure

The aim of this study was to determine whether a pneumoperitoneum of 10 mmHg combined or not with the Trendelenburg position could lead to significant changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular pressure perfusion (OPP), and cardiorespiratory variables; as well as determine whether a correlation exists between IOP and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and/or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) in cats. Animals were allocated in two groups (n=7/group): GC (without inclination) and GTREN (Trendelenburg position). The variables were recorded before (baseline) and during 30 minutes (T5-T30) after insufflation. In GTREN, a reduction in heart rate was observed at T5 and in respiratory rate at T5 and T15. There was an increase in IOP at T5-T30 in comparison to baseline. There was a reduction in potential of hydrogen in arterial blood in both groups at all times in comparison to baseline. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood was increased at T15-T30 in GC and at T5-T30 in GTREN. In conclusion, the pneumoperitoneum of 10mmHg CO2 did not significantly affect IOP or OPP in cats anaesthetised with isofluorane and kept under spontaneous ventilation. However, induced pneumoperitoneum combined with Trendelenburg position resulted in an increase in IOP in cats subjected to the same anaesthetic conditions, but did not affect OPP.

scholarly journals Some cardiopulmonary effects of midazolam premedication in clenbuterol-treated bitches during surgical endoscopic examination of the uterus and ovariohysterectomy

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Stegmann ◽  
L. Bester
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Midazolam Group ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia ◽  
Midazolam Premedication

Midazolam was administered intravenously to 8 bitches in a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial before propofol induction of surgical anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane-in-oxygen during surgical endoscopic examination of the uterus and ovariohysterectomy. Clenbuterol was administered at the start of surgery to improve uterine muscle relaxation, and to facilitate endoscopic examination of the uterus. Ventilation was controlled. Induction of anaesthesia with propofol to obtain loss of the pedal reflex resulted in a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in minute volume and arterial oxygen partial pressure in the midazolam group. Apnoea also occurred in 50 % of dogs in the midazolam group. The dose for propofol in the midazolam group was 7.4 mg/kg compared to 9.5 mg/kg in the control. Minute volume was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in both groups during isoflurane maintenance, compared to the value after incremental propofol to obtain loss of the pedal reflex. Propofol induction resulted in a 25-26 % reduction in the mean arterial blood pressure in both groups, and the administration of clenbuterol at the start of surgery resulted in a transient, but statistically significant (P < 0.05), decrease in mean arterial blood pressure in the midazolam group during isoflurane anaesthesia. It is concluded that intravenous midazolam premedication did not adversely affect cardiovascular function during propofol induction, but intra-operative clenbuterol during isoflurane maintenance of anaesthesia may result in transient hypotension. Midazolam premedication may increase adverse respiratory effects when administered before propofol induction of anaesthesia.

Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Hemodynamic in Patients with Cerebral Tumors

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D. Petersen ◽  
Uffe Landsfeldt ◽  
Georg Emil Cold ◽  
Carsten B. Petersen ◽  
Søren Mau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Reactivity ◽  
Group 1

Background A critical point during craniotomy is opening of dura, where a high intracranial pressure (ICP) results in swelling of cerebral tissue. Controlled studies concerning ICP, degree of dural tension, and degree of cerebral swelling are therefore warranted. Methods In an open-label study, 117 patients with supratentorial cerebral tumors were randomized to propofol-fentanyl (group 1), isoflurane-fentanyl (group 2), or sevoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia (group 3). Normo- to moderate hypocapnia was applied, with a target level of arterial carbon dioxid tension of 30-40 mmHg. Mean arterial blood pressure was stabilized with intravenous ephedrine (2.5-5 mg) if necessary. Subdural ICP, mean arterial blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), arteriovenous oxygen difference (AVDo2), internal jugular vein oxygen saturation were monitored before and after a 10-min period of hyperventilation, and the carbon dioxide reactivity was calculated. Furthermore, the tension of dura before and during hyperventilation and the degree of cerebral swelling during hyperventilation and after opening of the dura were estimated by the neurosurgeon. Results No differences were found between groups with regard to demographics, neuroradiologic examination, positioning of the head, and time to ICP measurement. Before and during hyperventilation, ICP was significantly lower and mean arterial blood pressure and CPP significantly higher in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (P &lt; 0.05). The tension of dura before and during hyperventilation was significantly lower in group 1 compared with group2 (P &lt; 0.05), but not significantly different from group 3. In group 1, cerebral swelling after opening of dura was significantly lower compared with groups 2 and 3 (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, AVDo was significantly higher and jugular vein oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide reactivity were significantly lower in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (P &lt; 0.05). No significant differences with regard to ICP, CPP, AVDo, carbon dioxide reactivity, and jugular vein oxygen saturation were found between patients anesthetized with isoflurane and sevoflurane. Conclusions The study indicates that before as well as during hyperventilation, subdural ICP and AVDo2 are lower and CPP higher in propofol-anesthetized patients compared with patients anesthetized with isoflurane or sevoflurane. These findings were associated with less tendency for cerebral swelling after opening of dura in the propofol group. The carbon dioxide reactivity in patients anesthetized with isoflurane and sevoflurane was significantly higher than in the propofol group. The differences in subdural ICP between the groups are presumed to be caused by differences in the degree of vasoconstriction elicited by the anesthetic agents, but autoregulatory mechanisms caused by differences in CPP cannot be excluded.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document