scholarly journals Anthrax immunization of free-ranging Roan Antelope Hippotragus Equinus in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. De Vos ◽  
G.L. Van Rooyen ◽  
J.J. Kloppers
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Roan Antelope ◽  
Hippotragus Equinus ◽  
Free Ranging

An aerial method of immunization is presented as afeasible means of vaccinating free-ranging roan antelope Hippotragus equinus against anthrax in the Kruger National Park. Themethod is described in detail and the results, obtained aftertwo consecutive years of application, are noted, tabulated andevaluated. A helicopter and a fixed wing aircraft were success-fully utilized in the location of widely dispersed roan antelopeherds and to bring the operator within effective firing rangeof the animal to be darted. A disposable projectile syringe,which simultaneously administers vaccine and effectively marksthe animal for later identification, is considered a vital part inthe successful implementation of the aerial method of immunization.

scholarly journals Challenges faced in the conservation of rare antelope: a case study on the northern basalt plains of the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C. Grant ◽  
T. Davidson ◽  
P.J. Funston ◽  
D.J. Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Equus Burchelli ◽  
Initial Drop ◽  
Roan Antelope ◽  
Hippotragus Equinus ◽  
Management Approaches

The conservation of rare antelope has long been one of the goals of the Kruger National Park. The roan antelope Hippotragus equinus, and to a lesser extent the tsessebe Damaliscus lunatus, represent low-density species or rare antelope in the park. Specific management approaches representing the older equilibrium approach, have been employed to conserve these antelope. Of these, the supply of artificial water over many decades was the most resource intensive. The sudden, severe drop in the roan antelope population towards the end of the 1980s was unexpected and, retrospectively, attributed to the development of a high density of perennial waterpoints. The postulated mechanism was that the perennial presence of water allowed Burchell’s zebra Equus burchelli to stay permanently in an area that was previously only seasonally accessible. The combined effect of a long, dry climatic cycle, high numbers of zebra and their associated predators was proposed to be the cause of this decline. As part of the new nature evolving or ecosystem resilience approach, twelve artificial waterpoints were closed in the prime roan antelope habitat in 1994 in an attempt to move the zebra out of this area. The zebra numbers declined as the rainfall increased. Closure of waterholes clearly led to redistribution of zebra numbers on the northern plains, zebra tending to avoid areas within several kilometres of closed waterpoints. However, at a larger scale, regional densities appeared similar in areas with and without closed waterpoints. There was an initial drop in the lion numbers in 1995, after which they stabilised. In spite of an improvement in the grass species composition and an increase in biomass the roan antelope population did not increase. The complexity of maintaining a population at the edge of their distribution and the problems associated with the conservation of such populations are discussed in terms of management options and monitoring approaches that may be employed in this process.

scholarly journals An outbreak of dermatophilosis in sable Hippotragus niger and roan Hippotragus equinus in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. De Vos ◽  
G. D. Imes
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Benzene Hexachloride ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Roan Antelope ◽  
Hippotragus Equinus ◽  
Long Acting

A severe skin disease diagnosed as dermatophilosis took on alarming proportions in roan antelope Hippotragus equinus and sable antelope Hippotragus niger herds, which were kept in a 256 ha enclosure in the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa. Only calves were effected. Numerous Dermatophilus organisms were identified in skin biopsies taken from affected areas and examined histologically. Complete recovery followed a single treatment of intramuscular injections of a combination of a long-acting penicillin and streptomycin and the topical application of a preparation which included copper sulphate and benzene hexachloride. Factors which probably contributed to the outbreak included prolonged wetness, flies, a high density of susceptible animals and playful butting behaviour of the calves. This is the first report of the occurrence of dermatophilosis as a disease entity in wildlife species in southern Africa.

Baseline Hematologic Results for Free-ranging White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) in Kruger National Park, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Miller ◽  
Peter Buss ◽  
Rachel Wanty ◽  
Sven Parsons ◽  
Paul van Helden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Ceratotherium Simum ◽  
White Rhinoceros ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Coccidian oocyst and nematode egg counts of free-ranging African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa : research communication

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Coccidian Oocyst ◽  
Free Ranging

Faecal specimens collected in the Kruger National Park from 103 African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) up to 1 year old and 283 buffaloes older than 1 year were examined for the presence of coccidian oocysts and nematode eggs. Most specimens from animals older than 1 year had negative coccidian oocyst counts. Positive specimens from younger animals had significantly higher coccidian oocyst counts than those from older animals. No such difference was found for nematode egg counts.

Establishing the causes of the roan antelope decline in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhidian Harrington ◽  
Norman Owen-Smith ◽  
Petri C. Viljoen ◽  
Harry C. Biggs ◽  
Darryl R. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Roan Antelope

scholarly journals Reproduction in the zebra mare Equus burchelli antiquorum from the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Smuts
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Equus Burchelli ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
First Time

Reproductive characteristics of Burchell's zebra mares are described using data collected from captive and free ranging animals and the reproductive tracts of 310 mares shot during a game cropping campaign. The pubertal interval in zebra mares ranges from age 16 to 22 months, succesful mating occurring for the first time at 23 months of age. Full reproductive capacity is attained at three years. Zebra mares are seasonally polyoestrous, with an average of 85 of all mating and foaling occurring during the wet summer months (October to March).

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of snares in Ruma National Park, Kenya, with implications for management of the roan antelope Hippotragus equinuslangheldi and other wildlife

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnstone K. Kimanzi ◽  
Roy A. Sanderson ◽  
Stephen P. Rushton ◽  
Mware J. Mugo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Complete Spatial Randomness ◽  
Roan Antelope ◽  
Hippotragus Equinus ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Salt Licks

AbstractPoaching with snares has been identified as the main cause of decline of the endemic roan antelope Hippotragus equinuslangheldi in Ruma National Park, Kenya, from > 200 in 1979 to 37 in 2009. However, the spatial snaring patterns in the Park are not clearly understood. The focus of our study was to map the spatial distribution of snares in the Park and to identify the factors influencing this distribution, to develop effective methods of wildlife protection. Using data collected from 56 sample plots during 2006–2008, coupled with geographical information system techniques, we investigated the association between the occurrence of snares and the distribution of geographical features (slope, elevation), infrastructure (roads, fences), essential resources for wildlife (water, salt licks, forage), roan locations and wildlife density. Ripley's L function for assessing complete spatial randomness indicated that snares occurred in clumps (hotspots) up to 4 km apart. Negative binomial regression indicated that these hotspots occurred (1) near water resources, salt licks and the Park boundary, (2) far from roan locations and Park roads, (3) in areas with low gradients and low wildlife density, and (4) in areas with burned vegetation. We recommend concentrating routine security patrol efforts and resources on snare hotspots to reduce snaring and to protect the roan antelope and other threatened wildlife.

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