scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of foot-and-mouth disease in four districts situated along the Uganda–Tanzania border: Implications for cross-border efforts in disease control

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan D. Kerfua ◽  
Gabriel Shirima ◽  
Lughano Kusiluka ◽  
Chrisostome Ayebazibwe ◽  
Robert Mwebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the major trans-boundary animal diseases in East Africa causing economic loss to farmers and other stakeholders in the livestock industry. Foot-and-mouth disease occurs widely in both Uganda and Tanzania with annual outbreaks recorded. With the recent introduction of the Progressive Control Pathway for FMD control (PCP-FMD) in eastern Africa, knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of FMD at the border area between Uganda and Tanzania is helpful in framing engagement with the initial stages of the PCP. Retrospective data collected between 2011 and 2016 from four districts located along the border areas of Uganda and Tanzania, recorded 23 and 59 FMD outbreaks, respectively, for the entire study period. Analysis showed that 46% of the 82 recorded outbreaks occurred in 20% of sub-counties and wards immediately neighbouring the Uganda–Tanzania border and 69.5% of the outbreaks occurred during the dry months. While the serotypes of the FMD virus responsible for most outbreaks reported in this region were not known, previous research reported South African Territory (SAT) 1, SAT 2 and O to be the serotypes in circulation. The results from this study provide evidence of the endemic status of FMD on the Uganda–Tanzania border and emphasise that the border area should be given due consideration during FMD control drives and that cross-border coordination should be prioritised. With the limited data on circulating serotypes in this area, there is a need for more vigilance on FMD case detection, laboratory diagnostic confirmation and provision of more complete documentation of outbreaks. This work further recommends more studies on cross-border livestock movement coupled with phylogenetics in order to understand the spread of the FMD in the border area.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the eastern zone of Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Joseph ◽  
Christopher J. Kasanga ◽  
Mmeta Yongolo ◽  
Chanasa Mpelumbe-Ngeleja ◽  
Raphael Sallu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Amhara region of Ethiopia in the period 1999 to 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endris Aman ◽  
Wassie Molla ◽  
Zeleke Gebreegizabher ◽  
Wudu Temesgen Jemberu
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Long Term Trend

Abstract Background Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important trans-boundary viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. It is caused by FMD virus, which belongs to the genus Aphthovirus and family Picornaviridae. FMD is a well-established endemic disease in Ethiopia since it was first detected in 1957. This retrospective study was carried out to identify the spatial and temporal distribution of FMD outbreaks in Amhara region of Ethiopia using 18 years (January 1999–December 2016) reported outbreak data. Results A total of 636 FMD outbreaks were reported in Amhara region of Ethiopia between 1999 and 2016 with an average and median of 35 and 13 outbreaks per year respectively. In this period, FMD was reported at least once in 58.5% of the districts (n = 79) and in all administrative zones of the region (n = 10). The average district level incidence of FMD outbreaks was 4.68 per 18 years (0.26 per district year). It recurs in a district as epidemic, on average in 5.86 years period. The incidence differed between administrative zones, being the lowest in East Gojjam and highest in North Shewa. The occurrence of FMD outbreaks was found to be seasonal with peak outbreaks in March and a low in August. The long-term trend of FMD outbreaks indicates a slight, but statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease over the study period. Conclusion FMD occurred in all zones of the region and showed statistically significant decrease in the long-term trend. Numbers of outbreaks were relatively higher during dry season. The spatial and temporal distribution identified in this study should be considered in controlling the disease. As unregulated and frequent animal movements are the likely causes of high outbreak occurrence during the dry season, animal movement regulations should be considered for the long-term control of FMD.

scholarly journals Waves of endemic foot-and-mouth disease in eastern Africa suggest feasibility of proactive vaccination approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 1449-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Casey-Bryars ◽  
Richard Reeve ◽  
Umesh Bastola ◽  
Nick J. Knowles ◽  
Harriet Auty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals The role of African buffalo in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in sympatric cattle and buffalo populations in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Omondi ◽  
Francis Gakuya ◽  
Jonathan Arzt ◽  
Abraham Sangula ◽  
Ethan Hartwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Transmission of pathogens at wildlife-livestock interfaces poses a substantial challenge to the control of infectious diseases, including for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in African buffalo and cattle. The extent to which buffalo play a role in the epidemiology of this virus in livestock populations remains unresolved in East Africa. Here, we show that FMDV occurs at high seroprevalence (~77%) in Kenyan buffalo. In addition, we recovered 80 FMDV VP1 sequences from buffalo, all of which were serotype SAT1 and SAT2, and seventeen FMDV VP1 sequences from cattle, which included serotypes A, O, SAT1 and SAT2. Notably, six individual buffalo were co-infected with both SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes. Our results suggest that transmission of FMDV between sympatric cattle and buffalo is rare. However, viruses from FMDV outbreaks in cattle elsewhere in Kenya were caused by viruses closely related to SAT1 and SAT2 viruses found in buffalo. We also show that the circulation of FMDV in buffalo is influenced by fine-scale geographic features, such as rivers, and that social segregation amongst sympatric herds may limit between-herd transmission. Our results significantly advance knowledge of the ecology and molecular epidemiology of FMDV at wildlife-livestock interfaces in Eastern Africa, and will help to inform the design of control and surveillance strategies for this disease in the region.

scholarly journals Phylogeographic analysis and identification of factors impacting the diffusion of Foot-and-Mouth disease virus in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Duchatel ◽  
Mark Bronsvoort ◽  
Samantha Lycett
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and can lead to important and continuous economic losses for affected countries. Due to the complexity of the disease epidemiology and the lack of data there is a need to use inferential computational approaches to fill the gaps in our understanding of the circulation of FMD virus on this continent. Using a phylogeographic approach we reconstructed the circulation of FMD virus serotypes A, O and SAT2 in Africa and evaluated the influence of potential environmental and anthropological predictors of virus diffusion. Our results show that over the last hundred year the continental circulation of the tree serotypes was mainly driven by livestock trade. Whilst our analyses show that the serotypes A and O were introduced in Africa trough livestock trades, the SAT2 serotype probably originates from African wildlife population. The circulation of serotype O in eastern Africa is impacted by both indirect transmission through persistence in the environment and anthropological activities such as cattle movements.

Foot and Mouth Disease in Baghabari Milk Shed Area and It`s Economic Loss in Bangladesh

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M.R. Howlader . ◽  
A.T.M. Mahbub-E-Elah . ◽  
S. Habib . ◽  
M.J.U. Bhuyian . ◽  
M.A.B. Siddique . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth

THE STRATEGIES FOR THE CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Cheng Yang ◽  
Happy K. Shieh ◽  
Poa-Chun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Control And Prevention

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals and the outbreak of this disease may result in a severe economic loss. The spread of FMD is controlled by measures including movement restriction, stamping-out policy, pre-emptive culling and emergency vaccination (either ring or blanket vaccination). This paper reviews the strategies used in different countries to control FMD during the outbreaks of the disease in 1997–2011. The subsequent outcomes achieved by different strategies and the points needed to be considered before choosing a strategy are discussed.

Epidemiological features of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Shenzhen, China from 2008 to 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ZHENG ◽  
C. X. CAO ◽  
J. Q. CHENG ◽  
Y. S. WU ◽  
X. XIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Spatio Temporal

SUMMARYThis study analysed the spatio-temporal distribution and propagation of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen from 2008 to 2010. Specifically, we examined the epidemiological data, temporal distribution and spatial distribution, and then the relationship between meteorological, social factors and the number of reported HFMD cases was analysed using Spearman's rank correlation. Finally, a geographically weighted regression model was constructed for the number of reported HFMD cases in 2009. It was found that three independent variables, i.e. the number of reported HFMD cases in 2008 and, annual average temperature and precipitation, had different spatial impacts on the number of reported HFMD cases in 2009. In addition, these variables accounted for the propagation mechanism of HFMD in the centre and east of Shenzhen, where the high incidence rate areas are located. These results will be of great help in understanding the spatio-temporal distribution of HFMD and developing approaches to prevent this disease.

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