Effect of disinfectants and glass bead size on efficacy of glass bead sterlizer

Pavement marking retroreflectivity depends on several factors including but not limited to the type of retroreflective optics, binder, installation quality, marking condition, and measurement type/geometry. Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI) evaluated the retroreflectivity of 19 pavement marking panels, prepared with different types of glass bead at standard 30-m and non-standard measurement geometries. The non-standard geometries represented typical commercial airplane configurations. The primary purpose of the research was to evaluate the effects of the glass bead refractive index (RI) (1.5 versus 1.9) and the measurement geometry on pavement marking retroreflectivity. Results showed a decrease in retroreflectivity with an increase in observation and entrance angles for both 1.5 and 1.9 RI. The study showed higher retroreflectivity levels for high RI beads at all the geometries evaluated. The result showed that 1.9 RI beads exhibit an average of 171% (862 mcd/m2/lx) higher retroreflectivity at standard 30-m car geometry as well as 102% (193 mcd/m2/lx) higher retroreflectivity at airplane geometry compared with 1.5 RI beads. The study found that an increase in bead RI had a larger effect on retroreflectivity than did an increase in bead size. The effect of the measurement geometry on the retroreflectivity level of the markings highlights a limitation of using the 30-m car geometry to represent the visibility of markings from a pilot’s perspective. Additional work should be conducted to better assess the visibility of markings from various vehicle platforms and how to best represent the visibility through retroreflectivity measurement.

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The Effect of Dipyridamole and RA 233 on Human Platelet Function in Vitro

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648112 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 29 (03) ◽

pp. 694-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paul L. Rifkin ◽

Marjorie B. Zucker

Keyword(s):

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Human Blood ◽

Glass Bead ◽

Heart Valves ◽

Human Platelet ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Simple Relation ◽

Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽

Induced Aggregation

SummaryDipyridamole (Persantin) is reported to prolong platelet survival and inhibit embolism in patients with prosthetic heart valves, but its mechanism of action is unknown. Fifty jxM dipyridamole failed to reduce the high percentage of platelets retained when heparinized human blood was passed through a glass bead column, but prolonged the inhibition of retention caused by disturbing blood in vitro. Possibly the prostheses act like disturbance. Although RA 233 was as effective as dipyridamole in inhibiting the return of retention, it was less effective in preventing the uptake of adenosine into erythrocytes, and more active in inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation and release. Thus there is no simple relation between these drug effects.

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Inhibition of Human and Animal Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass Bead Columns by Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Chlorpromazine and Acetylsalicylic Acid

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648055 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 36 (02) ◽

pp. 401-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Buichi Fujttani ◽

Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽

Kazuko Takeno ◽

Kouichi Yoshida ◽

Masanao Shimizu

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Glass Bead ◽

Animal Species ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Rabbit Platelet ◽

Platelet Adhesiveness

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.

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Non-Thrombogenicity of Clean Glass Revealed by Native Whole Blood Assay in Bead Columns

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1665319 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 50 (04) ◽

pp. 814-820 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J A Bergeron ◽

J M DiNovo ◽

A F Razzano ◽

W J Dodds

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Glass Bead ◽

Factor Xii ◽

Platelet Factor ◽

Serotonin Content ◽

Whole Blood Assay ◽

Vascular Integrity ◽

Blood Assay ◽

Standard Contact ◽

Recalcification Time

SummaryThe previously described native whole blood assay for materials in solution or suspension has been adapted to materials in a bead column configuration. These experiments showed that the glass itself accounts for little or none of the high blood-reactivity observed with conventional glass bead columns. Columns composed solely of soft glass that was “cleaned” by heat treatment (500-595° C 18 hr, electric oven) were benign toward flowing native whole blood for all variables measured (platelet count and platelet-free plasma [C14]-serotonin content, platelet factor 3 and factor XII activities, and recalcification time) with the standard contact protocol. In addition, the effluent successfully maintained perfusion of the isolated kidney, a measure of the ability of platelets to support vascular integrity. Prolonged (30 min) normothermic contact with titrated whole blood increased the subsequent reactivity of initially clean glass toward whole blood albeit to a level much less than that of conventional glass bead columns.

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Removal of Mn(II) and Fe(II) by Aspergillus Sp. TU-GM14 immobilized on Detarium Microcarpum matrix

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.001239 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 597-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Sorption Process ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Freundlich Model ◽

Equilibrium Time ◽

Bead Size ◽

Detarium Microcarpum ◽

Bet Isotherm ◽

Immobilization Matrix ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Spore Load

<div> Removal of Fe(II) and Mn(II) ions from aqueous solution by fungal biosorbent Aspergillus sp. TU-GM14immobilized on Detarium microcarpum matrix was investigated in this study. Effects of biosorption parameters pH, biosorbent concentration, bead size and equilibrium time on Fe(II) and Mn(II) ions sorption were also determined. Equilibrium was attained within in 3 hours while optimum Fe(II) and Mn(II) ions removal was observed at pH 6, 8 mm bead size, 2 g l-1 spore load respectively. Adsorption capacity was described using Langmuir, Freundlich and BET isotherm models. The experimental data fitted best to the Freundlich model (R2 0.992 and 0.996 for Mn(II) and Fe(II) respectively). Favourable surface sorption process was described by Langmuir isotherm for both metals (Qmax 34 and 14 mg g-1 for Mn(II) and Fe(II) ions) while the BET isotherm constant, B, described high metals sorption beyond the biosorbent surface in a multi-layer sorption process (4.8 and 9.0 for Mn(II) and Fe(II)  respectively). Results of the study showed that Aspergillus sp. TU-GM14 biosorbent can remove large quantities of Fe(II) and Mn(II) ions from solution in both surface and multi-layer sorption process with Detarium microcarpum acting as a cheap immobilization matrix. </div>

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Study on the Glass Beads Refractive Index Testing Technology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.487.805 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 487 ◽

pp. 805-809

Author(s):

Jun Ma ◽

Dong Hua Guo

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Glass Bead ◽

Glass Beads ◽

Research Trend ◽

Future Research ◽

The Future ◽

Testing Technology ◽

At Home

this thesis discusses the main testing technologies at home and abroad relating to the glass bead refractive index, analyses the research emphases relating to the glass bead refractive index testing technology at present and point out the future research trend.

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