scholarly journals Thrombocytopenia in Patients with Gastric Varices and the Effect of Balloon-occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration on the Platelet Count

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Saad ◽  
W. Bleibel ◽  
N. Adenaw ◽  
C. E. Wagner ◽  
C. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Gastric Varices ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
End Stage

Objectives: Gastric varices primarily occur in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension and splenomegaly and thus are probably associated with thrombocytopenia. However, the prevalence and severity of thrombocytopenia are unknown in this clinical setting. Moreover, one-third of patients after balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) have aggravated splenomegaly, which potentially may cause worsening thrombocytopenia. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and degree of thrombocytopenia in patients with gastric varices associated with gastrorenal shunts undergoing BRTO, to determine the prognostic factors of survival after BRTO (platelet count included), and to assess the effect of BRTO on platelet count over a 1-year period. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective review of 35 patients who underwent BRTO (March 2008–August 2011). Pre- and post-BRTO platelet counts were noted. Potential predictors of bleeding and survival (age, gender, liver disease etiology, platelet count, model for end stage liver disease [MELD]-score, presence of ascites or hepatocellular carcinoma) were analyzed (multivariate analysis). A total of 91% (n = 32/35) of patients had thrombocytopenia (<150,000 platelet/cm3) pre-BRTO. Platelet counts at within 48-h, within 2 weeks and at 30-60 days intervals (up to 6 months) after BRTO were compared with the baseline pre-BRTO values. Results: 35 Patients with adequate platelet follow-up were found. A total of 92% and 17% of patients had a platelet count of <150,000/cm3 and <50,000/cm3, respectively. There was a trend for transient worsening of thrombocytopenia immediately (<48 h) after BRTO, however, this was not statistically significant. Platelet count was not a predictor of post-BRTO rebleeding or patient survival. However, MELD-score, albumin, international normalized ratio (INR), and etiology were predictors of rebleeding. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia is very common (>90% of patients) in patients undergoing BRTO. However, BRTO (with occlusion of the gastrorenal shunt) has little effect on the platelet count. Long-term outcomes of BRTO for bleeding gastric varices using sodium tetradecyl sulfate in the USA are impressive with a 4-year variceal rebleed rate and transplant-free survival rate of 9% and 76%, respectively. Platelet count is not a predictor of higher rebleeding or patient survival after BRTO.

scholarly journals Experiences from six years of quality assured Model of End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) diagnostics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254219
Author(s):  
Pascal Hunold ◽  
Thomas Berg ◽  
Daniel Seehofer ◽  
Robert Sucher ◽  
Adam Herber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Verification Algorithm ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
End Stage

Background The model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was established for the allocation of liver transplants. The score is based on the medical laboratory parameters: bilirubin, creatinine and the international normalized ratio (INR). A verification algorithm for the laboratory MELD diagnostic was established, and the results from the first six years were analyzed. Methods We systematically investigated the validity of 7,270 MELD scores during a six-year period. The MELD score was electronically requested by the clinical physician using the laboratory system and calculated and specifically validated by the laboratory physician in the context of previous and additional diagnostics. Results In 2.7% (193 of 7,270) of the cases, MELD diagnostics did not fulfill the specified quality criteria. After consultation with the sender, 2.0% (145) of the MELD scores remained invalid for different reasons and could not be reported to the transplant organization. No cases of deliberate misreporting were identified. In 34 cases the dialysis status had to be corrected and there were 24 cases of oral anticoagulation with impact on MELD diagnostics. Conclusion Our verification algorithm for MELD diagnostics effectively prevented invalid MELD results and could be adopted by transplant centers to prevent diagnostic errors with possible adverse effects on organ allocation.

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of the Modified Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score Including albumin in acute heart failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengen Liao ◽  
Xinyi Lu ◽  
Iokfai Cheang ◽  
Xu Zhu ◽  
Ting Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
End Stage

Abstract Background: Liver and renal function evaluated by the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, the MELD excluding the international normalized ratio (MELD_XI) score and the MELD including sodium (MELD_sodium) score have been considered predictors of adverse events for patients with acute heart failure (AHF). However, the prognostic value of the MELD including albumin (MELD_albumin) score in patients with AHF has not been assessed. Methods: A total of 466 patients with AHF were prospectively evaluated. We compared the accuracy of the 4 MELD score formulas using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and corresponding areas under the curve (AUC). Results: During a median follow-up period of 34 months, 196 deaths occurred. In the fully adjusted Cox regression model, standardized hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval expressing the risk of all-cause mortality were 1.22 (1.06–1.40), 1.20 (1.04–1.39), 1.21 (1.05-1.41) and 1.23 (1.06–1.42) for MELD, MELD_XI, MELD_albumin and MELD_sodium scores, respectively. The MELD_albumin score showed the best prognostic accuracy (AUC = 0.658) for the prediction of long-term all-cause mortality, followed by the MELD_sodium score (AUC = 0.590), the MELD score (AUC = 0.580), and the MELD_XI score (AUC = 0.544). Conclusions: The MELD_albumin score performs more accurately than the MELD score and the other modified MELD scores for predicting the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with acute heart failure.

scholarly journals Validation of the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease for Liver Transplant Allocation in Alberta: Implications for Future Directions in Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly W. Burak ◽  
Glenda A. Meeberg ◽  
Robert P. Myers ◽  
Gordon H. Fick ◽  
Mark G. Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Liver Transplants ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
The Usa ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Waitlist Mortality ◽  
Better Than

Background. Since 2002, the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) has been used for allocation of liver transplants (LT) in the USA. In Canada, livers were allocated by the CanWAIT algorithm. The aim of this study was to compare the abilities of MELD, Child-Pugh (CP), and CanWAIT status to predict 3-month and 1-year mortality before LT in Canadian patients and to describe the use of MELD in Canada.Methods. Validation of MELD was performed in 320 patients listed for LT in Alberta (1998–2002). In October 2014, a survey of MELD use by Canadian LT centers was conducted.Results. Within 1 year of listing, 47 patients were removed from the waiting list (29 deaths, 18 too ill for LT). Using logistic regression, the MELD and CP were better than the CanWAIT at predicting 3-month (AUROC: 0.79, 0.78, and 0.59;p=0.0002) and 1-year waitlist mortality (AUROC: 0.70, 0.70, and 0.55;p=0.0023). Beginning in 2004, MELD began to be adopted by Canadian LT programs but its use was not standardized.Conclusions. Compared with the CanWAIT system, the MELD score was significantly better at predicting LT waitlist mortality. MELD-sodium (MELD-Na) has now been adopted for LT allocation in Canada.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Adrenal Function in Nonhospitalized Patients with Cirrhosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Moini ◽  
Mitra Yazdani Sarvestani ◽  
Mesbah Shams ◽  
Masood Nomovi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Radio Immunoassay ◽  
End Stage

Background. Patients with cirrhosis and advancing hepatic insufficiency may show various degrees of other organ malfunction, including brain, kidney, and lung. Several studies have also shown a high prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in cirrhotic patients that may cause hemodynamic instability. Materials and Methods. In this study we prospectively evaluated adrenal function in a population of nonhospitalized cirrhotic patients. Categorization of liver disease severity was done according to model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score. Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation testing was performed on subjects using 250 μg of synthetic short acting hormone; radio immunoassay was used to measure plasma cortisol levels. Results. Of 105 cirrhotic patients, 15.23% had evidence of adrenal insufficiency. These patients were not statistically different from those with normal adrenal function in levels of serum creatinine or bilirubin, MELD score, or presence of cirrhosis related complications. Significant differences were seen in mean international normalized ratio and serum sodium. Patients with a sodium level < 135 mEq/L had a higher rate (31.25%) of adrenal insufficiency. Conclusion. Adrenal dysfunction was identified in a population of stable nonhospitalized cirrhotic patients. Our results suggest a possible role for adrenal dysfunction as a contributing factor in hyponatremia in cirrhosis independent of other known factors of neurohormonal activation secondary to systemic vasodilation.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in liver transplant candidates: pretransplant and post-transplant outcomes - an ELITA/ELTR multicentre cohort study

Gut ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2021-324879
Author(s):  
Luca Saverio Belli ◽  
Christophe Duvoux ◽  
Paolo Angelo Cortesi ◽  
Rita Facchetti ◽  
Speranta Iacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveExplore the impact of COVID-19 on patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation (LT) and on their post-LT course.DesignData from consecutive adult LT candidates with COVID-19 were collected across Europe in a dedicated registry and were analysed.ResultsFrom 21 February to 20 November 2020, 136 adult cases with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 33 centres in 11 European countries were collected, with 113 having COVID-19. Thirty-seven (37/113, 32.7%) patients died after a median of 18 (10–30) days, with respiratory failure being the major cause (33/37, 89.2%). The 60-day mortality risk did not significantly change between first (35.3%, 95% CI 23.9% to 50.0%) and second (26.0%, 95% CI 16.2% to 40.2%) waves. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed Laboratory Model for End-stage Liver Disease (Lab-MELD) score of ≥15 (Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score 15–19, HR 5.46, 95% CI 1.81 to 16.50; MELD score≥20, HR 5.24, 95% CI 1.77 to 15.55) and dyspnoea on presentation (HR 3.89, 95% CI 2.02 to 7.51) being the two negative independent factors for mortality. Twenty-six patients underwent an LT after a median time of 78.5 (IQR 44–102) days, and 25 (96%) were alive after a median follow-up of 118 days (IQR 31–170).ConclusionsIncreased mortality in LT candidates with COVID-19 (32.7%), reaching 45% in those with decompensated cirrhosis (DC) and Lab-MELD score of ≥15, was observed, with no significant difference between first and second waves of the pandemic. Respiratory failure was the major cause of death. The dismal prognosis of patients with DC supports the adoption of strict preventative measures and the urgent testing of vaccination efficacy in this population. Prior SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection did not affect early post-transplant survival (96%).

scholarly journals Doppler ultrasound in liver cirrhosis: correlation of hepatic artery and portal vein measurements with model for end-stage liver disease score in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelrahman Mohamed Baz ◽  
Rana Magdy Mohamed ◽  
Khaled Helmy El-kaffas
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Hepatic Decompensation ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Us Findings ◽  
End Stage

Abstract Background Liver cirrhosis is a multi-etiological entity that alters the hepatic functions and vascularity by varying grades. Hereby, a cross-sectional study enrolling 100 cirrhotic patients (51 males and 49 females), who were diagnosed clinically and assessed by model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, then correlated to the hepatic Doppler parameters and ultrasound (US) findings of hepatic decompensation like ascites and splenomegaly. Results By Doppler and US, splenomegaly was evident in 49% of patients, while ascites was present in 44% of them. Increased hepatic artery velocity (HAV) was found in70% of cases, while 59% showed reduced portal vein velocity (PVV). There was a statistically significant correlation between HAV and MELD score (ρ = 0.000), but no significant correlation with either hepatic artery resistivity index (HARI) (ρ = 0.675) or PVV (ρ =0.266). Moreover, HAV had been correlated to splenomegaly (ρ = 0.000), whereas HARI (ρ = 0.137) and PVV (ρ = 0.241) did not significantly correlate. Also, ascites had correlated significantly to MELD score and HAV (ρ = 0.000), but neither HARI (ρ = 0.607) nor PVV (ρ = 0.143) was significantly correlated. Our results showed that HAV > 145 cm/s could confidently predict a high MELD score with 62.50% and 97.62 % sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Doppler parameters of hepatic vessels (specifically HAV) in addition to the US findings of hepatic decompensation proved to be a non-invasive and cost-effective imaging tool for severity assessment in cirrhotic patients (scored by MELD); they could be used as additional prognostic parameters for improving the available treatment options and outcomes.

scholarly journals RIPK3-Mediated Necroptosis and Neutrophil Infiltration Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Zhang ◽  
Guomin Xie ◽  
Li Liang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Jing Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
End Stage

Alcoholic cirrhosis is an end-stage liver disease with impaired survival and often requires liver transplantation. Recent data suggests that receptor-interacting protein kinase-3- (RIPK3-) mediated necroptosis plays an important role in alcoholic cirrhosis. Additionally, neutrophil infiltration is the most characteristic pathologic hallmark of alcoholic hepatitis. Whether RIPK3 level is correlated with neutrophil infiltration or poor prognosis in alcoholic cirrhotic patients is still unknown. We aimed to determine the correlation of RIPK3 and neutrophil infiltration with the prognosis in the end-stage alcoholic cirrhotic patients. A total of 20 alcoholic cirrhotic patients subjected to liver transplantation and 5 normal liver samples from control patients were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Neutrophil infiltration and necroptosis were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and RIPK3, respectively. The noninvasive score system (model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)) and histological score systems (Ishak, Knodell, and ALD grading and ALD stage) were used to evaluate the prognosis. Neutrophil infiltration was aggravated in patients with a high MELD score (≥32) in the liver. The MPO and RIPK3 levels in the liver were positively related to the Ishak score. The RIPK3 was also significantly and positively related to the Knodell score. In conclusion, RIPK3-mediated necroptosis and neutrophil-mediated alcoholic liver inflammatory response are highly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with end-stage alcoholic cirrhosis. RIPK3 and MPO might serve as potential predictors for poor prognosis in alcoholic cirrhotic patients.

Graphical display of Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Carlo Chiarla ◽  
Ivo Giovannini ◽  
Francesco Ardito ◽  
Maria Vellone ◽  
Felice Giuliante
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Graphical Display ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
End Stage
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