scholarly journals Spinal ependymoma presenting with visual and hearing impairment – An unusual sequelae

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 169-171
Author(s):  
Jagathlal Gangadharan ◽  
Vani Santosh ◽  
Rose Bharath ◽  
Paritosh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Spinal Tumor ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Recurrent Bleeding ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Spinal Ependymoma ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare complication of recurrent bleeding in the neuraxis which may present with various symptoms. We report a case of spinal tumor presenting with superficial siderosis with involvement of vision and hearing along with ataxia. This is a rare presentation of superficial siderosis. The pathogenesis of selective involvement of these cranial nerves is discussed.

scholarly journals The incidence and pathophysiology of neurological symptoms in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Igor V. Litvinenko ◽  
Miroslav M. Odinak ◽  
Nikolay V. Tsygan ◽  
Aleksander V. Ryabtsev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The central nervous system seems to be quite vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, leading to a variety of alteration pathways, high incidence and variability of the neurological symptoms of COVID-19. The COVID-19 symptoms, possibly associated with alteration to the central nervous system, include hyperthermia, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, dizziness, dysphonia, dysphagia, hyposmia and anosmia, hypogeusia and ageusia, impairment of consciousness. The impairment of olfaction and gustation are the most common symptoms of the nervous system alteration (98% and 70%, respectively), which is most likely a consequence of the alteration of the receptors. Presumably the pathogenesis of dysphonia and dysphagia may involve neurodegenerative mechanisms or may be associated with a predominantly demyelinating alteration of the caudal cranial nerves. Pathomorphological findings in the brain of the COVID-19 patients include diffuse hypoxic and focal ischemic injuries of various sizes up to ischemic infarctions (in thrombosis of large arteries); microangiopathy; vasculitis; diapedetic and confluent hemorrhages with possible progression to hemorrhagic infarctions and rarely intracerebral hematomas. Acute cerebrovascular accident worsens the course of COVID-19 and can worsen the clinical outcome, taking into account the mechanisms of the central nervous system alteration in highly contagious coronavirus infections (SARS-CoV, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), including embolism, hypoxia, neurodegeneration, systemic inflammatory response and immune-mediated alteartion to the nervous tissue. A fairly rare complication of coronavirus infection, however, acute myelitis requires attention due to the severity of neurological disorders. The literature data show high incidence and polymorphism of the symptoms of the central nervous system alteration, as well as the important role of the cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathogenesis of brain alteration in COVID-19, which is taken into account in examining and treating the patients with new coronavirus infection. (1 figure, bibliography: 61 refs)

Superficial Siderosis of the Central Nervous System: A Neglected Cause of Sensorineural Hearing Loss

1992 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Parnes ◽  
Susan A. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare, often unrecognized condition in which there is a deposition of intracellular and extracellular hemosiderin in the leptomeninges, subpial tissue, spinal cord, and cranial nerves as a result of chronic bleeding in the subarachnoid space. On the basis of our cases and a review of the literature, the majority of patients manifest sensorineural hearing loss in addition to cerebellar dysfunction, pyramidal tract signs, and progressive mental deterioration. Recent imaging techniques—particularly CT and MRI—can define the presence of iron deposition, confirming the diagnosis ante mortem. From post mortem specimens, histologic sections demonstrate severe damage to the eighth nerve, with microglial metabolism of iron. Cases will be presented to illustrate these points.

scholarly journals Superficial Siderosis of the Central Nervous System due to Spinal Ependymoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Ko-Eun Choi ◽  
Seung-Hee Na ◽  
Hyeonseok S. Jeong ◽  
Jooyeon J. Im ◽  
Young-Do Kim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Spinal Ependymoma ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Updating superficial siderosis of the central nervous system: bleeding of a dorsal osteophyte into the subarachnoid space from a perforating artery

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Brembilla ◽  
Luigi Andrea Lanterna ◽  
Virginio Bonito ◽  
Margherita Gardinetti ◽  
Gianluigi Dorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Recurrent Bleeding ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Nerve Root Injury ◽  
Perforating Artery ◽  
Surgical Data ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (SSCNS) is an uncommon and often unrecognized disorder that results from recurrent and persistent bleeding into the subarachnoid space. Currently, there is no effective treatment for SSCNS. The identification and surgical resolution of the cause of bleeding remains the most reliable method of treatment, but the cause of bleeding is often not apparent. The identified sources of recurrent bleeding have typically included neoplasms, vascular malformations, brachial plexus or nerve root injury or avulsion, and previous head and spinal surgery. An association between recurrent bleeding in the CNS and dural abnormalities in the spine has recently been suggested. Dural tears have been identified in relation to a protruding disc or osteophyte. Also in these patients, the exact mechanism of bleeding remains unknown because of a lack of objective surgical data, even in patients who undergo neurosurgical procedures.The present case concerns a 48-year-old man who presented with longstanding symptoms of mild hearing loss and mild gait ataxia. A diagnosis of SSCNS was made in light of the patient’s history and the findings on physical examination, imaging, and laboratory testing. MRI and CT detected a small calcific osteophyte in the anterior epidural space of T8–9. The patient underwent surgical removal of the bone spur and dural tear repair. During the surgery, the authors detected a perforating artery, which was on the osteophyte, that was bleeding into the subarachnoid space. This case shows a possible mechanism of chronic bleeding from an osteophyte into the subarachnoid space. In the literature currently available, a perforating artery on an osteophyte bleeding into the subarachnoid space has never been described in SSCNS.

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system: an underestimated cause of hearing loss

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Castelli ◽  
A. Husband
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Sensorineural Deafness ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSuperficial siderosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare disease resulting in the accumulation of haemosiderin in the meninges, the brain surface, the spinal cord and the cranial nerves. The pigment is deposited as a result of chronic bleeding in the subarachnoid space. This produces a clinical picture of deafness, ataxia, cranial nerve deficits and in the latest stages dementia. In some cases the source of bleeding can be identified, whilst in others it can not. Despite its rarity the disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sensorineural deafness, particularly as it is a progressive and in some cases curable disease which is easily diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this case report the haemosiderin was derived from an ependymoma of the fourth ventricle with extension into the cerebello-pontine angle. The first symptom was a worsening sensorineural hearing loss.

Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system secondary to spinal ependymoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2017-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos Pikis ◽  
José E. Cohen ◽  
Andres A. Vargas ◽  
J. Moshe Gomori ◽  
Sagi Harnof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Spinal Ependymoma ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare and possibly underdiagnosed disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽  
Tarso Adoni ◽  
Joseph Bruno Bidin Brooks ◽  
Sidney Gomes ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Magno Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Intermittent Bleeding

ABSTRACT Superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare and possibly underdiagnosed disorder resulting from chronic or intermittent bleeding into the subarachnoid space, leading to deposition of blood products in the subpial layers of the meninges. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a characteristic curvilinear pattern of hypointensity on its blood-sensitive sequences. Methods Series of cases collected from Brazilian centers. Results We studied 13 cases of patients presenting with progressive histories of neurological dysfunction caused by SS-CNS. The most frequent clinical findings in these patients were progressive gait ataxia, hearing loss, hyperreflexia and cognitive dysfunction. The diagnoses of SS-CNS were made seven months to 30 years after the disease onset. Conclusion SS-CNS is a rare disease that may remain undiagnosed for long periods. Awareness of this condition is essential for the clinician.

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