The carcinogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa) results from a complex series of events. Chronic
inflammation and infections are crucial in this context. Infiltrating M2 type macrophages, as well as
neutrophils and T lymphocytes, contribute to PCa development, progression and response to therapy.
The preliminary findings on the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with PCa were not encouraging.
However, a series of studies investigating anti-PD-L1 agents such as Atezolizumab, Avelumab
and Durvalumab used alone or in combination with other immunotherapies, chemotherapy or locoregional
approaches are in course in this tumor. In this review, we illustrate the role of immune cells
and PD-L1 expression during PCa carcinogenesis and progression, with a focus on ongoing clinical
trials on anti-PD-L1 agents in this context.
Role of tumor-associated immune cells in prostate cancer: angel or devil?
