Role of exosomes in diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Fontana ◽  
Olga A. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Aim of this letter is to attract the attention of journal readers to the study of exosomes as an important direction in the development of Oncology, in particular, in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Exosomes are produced by tumor cells and regulate proliferation, metastasis, and the development of chemoresistance. Their extraction from biological fluids allows further use of these vesicles as potential biomarkers of prostate cancer. In the future, exosomes can be successfully used in the delivery of drugs and other anti-tumor substances to cancer cells.

scholarly journals Emerging roles of cancer-testis antigenes, semenogelin 1 and 2, in neoplastic cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Shuvalov ◽  
Alyona Kizenko ◽  
Alexey Petukhov ◽  
Olga Fedorova ◽  
Alexandra Daks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Cancer Testis

AbstractCancer-testicular Antigens (CTAs) belong to a group of proteins that under normal conditions are strictly expressed in a male’s reproductive tissues. However, upon malignisation, they are frequently re-expressed in neoplastic tissues of various origin. A number of studies have shown that different CTAs affect growth, migration and invasion of tumor cells and favor cancer development and metastasis. Two members of the CTA group, Semenogelin 1 and 2 (SEMG1 and SEMG2, or SEMGs) represent the major component of human seminal fluid. They regulate the motility and capacitation of sperm. They are often re-expressed in different malignancies including breast cancer. However, there is almost no information about the functional properties of SEMGs in cancer cells. In this review, we highlight the role of SEMGs in the reproductive system and also summarize the data on their expression and functions in malignant cells of various origins.

scholarly journals Contribution of the CK2 Catalytic Isoforms α and α’ to the Glycolytic Phenotype of Tumor Cells

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Francesca Zonta ◽  
Christian Borgo ◽  
Camila Paz Quezada Meza ◽  
Ionica Masgras ◽  
Andrea Rasola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Monomeric Form ◽  
New Information

CK2 is a Ser/Thr protein kinase overexpressed in many cancers. It is usually present in cells as a tetrameric enzyme, composed of two catalytic (α or α’) and two regulatory (β) subunits, but it is active also in its monomeric form, and the specific role of the different isoforms is largely unknown. CK2 phosphorylates several substrates related to the uncontrolled proliferation, motility, and survival of cancer cells. As a consequence, tumor cells are addicted to CK2, relying on its activity more than healthy cells for their life, and exploiting it for developing multiple oncological hallmarks. However, little is known about CK2 contribution to the metabolic rewiring of cancer cells. With this study we aimed at shedding some light on it, especially focusing on the CK2 role in the glycolytic onco-phenotype. By analyzing neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma cell lines depleted of either one (α) or the other (α’) CK2 catalytic subunit, we also aimed at disclosing possible pro-tumor functions which are specific of a CK2 isoform. Our results suggest that both CK2 α and α’ contribute to cell proliferation, survival and tumorigenicity. The analyzed metabolic features disclosed a role of CK2 in tumor metabolism, and suggest prominent functions for CK2 α isoform. Results were also confirmed by CK2 pharmacological inhibition. Overall, our study provides new information on the mechanism of cancer cells addiction to CK2 and on its isoform-specific functions, with fundamental implications for improving future therapeutic strategies based on CK2 targeting.

scholarly journals Role of Androgen Receptor in Progression of LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells from G1 to S Phase

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e56692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Murthy ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
V. Uma Bai ◽  
Zizheng Hou ◽  
Mani Menon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells

scholarly journals Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Citrus iyo Hort. ex Tanaka Pericarp Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis Through Abrogation of STAT3 Regulated Gene Products in Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft Mouse Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chulwon Kim ◽  
Il Ho Lee ◽  
Ho Bong Hyun ◽  
Jong-Chan Kim ◽  
Rajendra Gyawali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Parp Cleavage ◽  
G1 Arrest ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Human Prostate Cancer ◽  
Male Mice

Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is well known to play a major role in the cell growth, survival, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis of various cancer cells. Most of the citrus species offer large quantities of phytochemicals that have beneficial effects attributed to their chemical components. Our study was carried out to evaluate the anticancer effects of the pericarp of Iyokan ( Citrus iyo Hort. ex Tanaka), locally known as yeagam in Korea, through modulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway in both tumor cells and a nude mice model. The effect of supercritical extracts of yeagam peel (SEYG) on STAT3 activation, associated protein kinases, STAT3-regulated gene products, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis was examined. The in vivo effect of SEYG on the growth of DU145 human prostate xenograft tumors in athymic nu/nu male mice was also investigated. We found SEYG exerted substantial inhibitory effect on STAT3 activation in human prostate cancer DU145 cells as compared to other tumor cells analyzed. SEYG inhibited proliferation and downregulated the expression of various STAT3-regulated gene products such as bcl-2, bcl-xL, survivin, IAP-1/2, cyclin D1, cyclin E, COX-2, VEGF, and MMP-9. This correlated with an increase in apoptosis as indicated by an increase in the expression of p53 and p21 proteins, the sub-G1 arrest, and caspase-3-induced PARP cleavage. When administered intraperitoneally, SEYG reduced the growth of DU145 human prostate xenograft tumors through downmodulation of STAT3 activation in athymic nu/nu male mice. Overall, these results suggest that SEYG extract has the potential source of STAT3 inhibitors that may have a potential in chemoprevention of human prostate cancer cells.

scholarly journals eIF5B regulates the expression of PD-L1 in prostate cancer cells by interacting with Wig1

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Mulun Xiao ◽  
Yibo Shi ◽  
Jinhao Hu ◽  
Tianxiang Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Normal Prostate

Abstract Background Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) are the key factors to synthesize translation initiation complexes during the synthesis of eukaryotic proteins. Besides, eIFs are especially important in regulating the immune function of tumor cells. However, the effect mechanism of eIFs in prostate cancer remains to be studied, which is precisely the purpose of this study. Methods In this study, three groups of prostate cancer cells were investigated. One group had its eIF5B gene knocked down; another group had its Programmed death 1 (PD-L1) overexpressed; the final group had its Wild-type p53-induced gene 1 (Wig1) overexpressed. Genetic alterations of the cancer cells were performed by plasmid transfection. The expression of PD-L1 mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the expressions of PD-L1 and eIF5B proteins were observed by western blot assays. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, Transwell and Transwell martrigel were used to investigated cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, respectively. The effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on tumor cells was observed, and the interaction between eIF5B and Wig1 was revealed by co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay. Finally, the effects of interference with eIF5B expression on the growth, morphology, and immunity of the tumor, as well as PD-L1 expression in the tumor, were verified by tumor xenograft assays in vivo. Results Compared with normal prostate epithelial cells, prostate cancer cells revealed higher expressions of eIF5B and PD-L1 interference with eIF-5B expression can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and PD-L1 expression of prostate cancer cells. Meanwhile, the cancer cell group with interference with eIF5B expression also demonstrated greater, apoptosis and higher vulnerability to PBMCs. CoIP assays showed that Wig1 could bind to eIF5B in prostate cancer cells, and its overexpression can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and PD-L1 expression of cancer cells while promoting apoptosis. Moreover, interference with eIF5B expression can inhibit tumor growth, destroy tumor morphology, and suppress the proliferation of tumor cells. Conclusion eIF5B can promote the expression of PD-L1 by interacting with Wig1. Besides, interference with eIF5B expression can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and immunosuppressive response of prostate cancer cells. This study proposes a new target, eIF5B, for immunotherapy of prostate cancer.

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