Cone-beam computed tomography analysis on root and canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molar among multiracial population in East Coast Malaysian population

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the variations in the number of root and canal in the mandibular first permanent molars (MFPMs) teeth in East Coast Malaysian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images which show MFPMs recorded in HUSM Dental Clinic between January 2015 and June 2016 was obtained and analyzed for their number of roots and canals. A total of 208 CBCT images of MFPMs were collected; 118 patients had unilateral molars and 90 patients had bilateral molars. The following observations were made: (1) root number; (2) number of canals per root; and (3) comparisons of number of roots and canals according to gender, ethnicity, and position. Results: The majority of cases of bilateral MFPM had the same number of roots (95.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.01%, 98.78%) on both the right and left side and only 4 cases (4.4%, 95% CI: 1.22%, 10.99%) had 3 roots on the right and 2 roots on the left sides. The majority of cases had the same number of canals on both sides (66.7%, 95% CI: 55.95, 76.26%) and 33.3% (95% CI: 23.74%, 44.05%) with unequal number of canals. The occurrence of the number of canals was not independent of the sides of the arch (P < 0.001) and there was statistically significantly greater proportion of cases who had greater number of canals on the right side than the left (P = 0.03). The prevalence of right single-rooted MFPM was very small at 0.3% (n = 1) in a Malay male (95% CI: 0.00, 1.83) and the most prevalent was two roots first molar (88.4%). The number of roots was not associated with sex or ethnic group (P > 0.05). The MFPM with a single root was found to have only one mesial canal. For two rooted MFPM, the most prevalent occurrence was two canals at the mesial and one canal at the distal roots (59%); followed by single canals in each mesial and distal (21%) and double canals per root (18%). Three roots MFPM have either single or double canals in the mesial root and double canals in the distal root. Conclusions: The majority of population in the East Coast region of Malaysia has two roots and three root canals in their MFPMs. There was no difference in the number of roots between gender and ethnic and canals between ethnic.

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Evaluation of the Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary Permanent Molars and the Incidence of the Second Mesiobuccal Root Canal in Greek Population Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601509010267 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 267-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Georgia E. Nikoloudaki ◽

Taxiarchis G. Kontogiannis ◽

Nikolaos P. Kerezoudis

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Greek Population ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Second Molar ◽

Root Canals ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

Canal Morphology

Objectives: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography is an alternative imaging technique which has been recently introduced in the field of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology. It has rapidly gained great popularity among clinicians due to its ability to detect lesions and defects of the orofacial region and provide three-dimensional information about them. In the field of Endodontics, CBCT can be a useful tool to reveal tooth morphology irregularities, additional root canals and vertical root fractures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the root and root canal morphology of the maxillary permanent molars in Greek population using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.Materials and Methods:273 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were examined. The number of roots and root canals of the first and second maxillary molars were evaluated. Root canal configuration was classified according to Weine’s classification by two independent examiners and statistical analysis was performed.Results:A total of 812 molars (410 first and 402 second ones) were evaluated. The vast majority of both first and second molars had three roots (89.26% and 85.07%, respectively). Most first molars had four canals, while most second molars had three. In the mesiobuccal roots, one foramen was recorded in 80.91% of all teeth. Other rare morphologic variations were also found, such as fusion of a maxillary second molar with a supernumerary tooth.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that more attention should be given to the detection of additional canals during root canal treatment in maxillary permanent molars. Towards this effort, CBCT can provide the clinician with supplemental information about the different root canal configurations for successful Root Canal Treatment.

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Root canal morphology and variations in mandibular second molars: an in vivo cone-beam computed tomography analysis

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01787-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Gomez ◽

Gisbeli Brea ◽

Jose Francisco Gomez-Sosa

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Canal System ◽

Root Canals ◽

Single Root ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Root Canal System

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical variations of the root canal system of mandibular second molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods 190 mandibular second molars cone-beam computed tomography images were reviewed. The evaluation was performed by a radiologist with endodontic experience and two endodontists trained with CBCT technology. Tooth position, number of root and root canals, C-shaped root canal system configuration, presence of extra root (radix), and radicular grooves were assessed. Data was statistically analyzed using The Chi-square test (α = 0,05) to determine any significant difference between gender and the total number of root and root canals, and any significant difference between gender and root canal anatomical variation. Results Overall, 85.5% showed two separated roots, 12.1% a single root, 2.6% three roots or radix. 87.7% showed three root canals, 12.1% two root canals, 2.6% four root canals, and 1.6% a single root canal. 10% showed a single foramen, 75.3% two foramina, 13.6% three foramina and 1% showed four foramina.19.5% showed C-shaped anatomical variation, 51.4% in male patients, 48.6% in female patients. According to Fan classification: C1 13.6% in cervical third, C2 10% in the middle third, C3 17.3% in middle third, 15.5% in apical third, and C4 12.7% in the apical third. Root canals number in these samples were 5.4% a single canal, 21.6% two canals, 70.3% three canals, and 2.7% four canals. The root showed 46% with one foramen, 46% two foramina, and 8% three foramina. Radicular grooves 83.3% were found in the lingual area and 16.2% towards the buccal area. Conclusions The most prevalent anatomic presentation of the evaluated sample was a mandibular second molars with two roots, three root canals, and two apical foramina. Their variation was C-shaped root canals and Radix Paramolaris.

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Evaluation of root morphology and root canal configuration of premolars in the Turkish individuals using cone beam computed tomography

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.172624 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 09 (04) ◽

pp. 551-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Duygu Goller Bulut ◽

Emre Kose ◽

Gozde Ozcan ◽

Ahmet Ercan Sekerci ◽

Emin Murat Canger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Single Root ◽

The One ◽

The Right ◽

Type V

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the root and root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a Turkish population by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this study, CBCT images of 2134 premolars (987 maxillary, 1147 mandibular) were obtained from 404 patients. Details of gender, age, number of roots and canals, and canal configuration in each root were recorded. The canal configuration was classified and evaluated according to Vertucci's criteria. Results: The majority of maxillary premolars had two separate roots; although, three roots were identified in 1% of maxillary first premolars. However, most of the mandibular premolars had a single root. The two canals (69.9%) and type I (62.6%) and type II (34.1%) configuration for upper first premolar, one canal (82.1%) and type I (77.6%) canal configuration for second premolar was the most prevalent root canal frequency. The most prevalent root canal frequency was the one canal (96.2%) and type I (94.2%) and type V (3.2%) configuration for mandibular first premolar, one canal (98.9%) and type I (98.9%) canal configuration for second premolar. There was no difference in the root canal configurations and the numbers of canals between the left and the right side of both females and males (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Recognition of morphology and anatomy of the root canal system is one of the most important factors for successful endodontic treatment. Preoperative CBCT examination allows determination of root canal configuration of premolar teeth and helps clinicians in root canal treatment.

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A Retrospective Study of Roots and Root Canal Morphology in Mandibular Premolars using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Delhi-NCR

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/48413.15106 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sneh Mishra ◽

Sonali Taneja ◽

Vidhi Kiran Bhalla ◽

Akshay Rathore

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

National Capital Region ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Root Canals ◽

Single Root

Introduction: The anatomical heterogeneity of mandibular premolars has always been considered an enigma and it makes them potentially prone to high rates of endodontic failure. Only few studies have discussed the potential role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in the assessment of root morphology, canal configuration and their complex variations. Aim: To investigate the number of roots and root canals along with the canal configuration in mandibular premolars in the Delhi- National Capital Region (NCR) population using CBCT imaging. Materials and Methods: The retrospective observational study was conducted where 432 CBCT images of 108 patients were acquired from different CBCT centres in Delhi-NCR region to determine the anatomy and morphology of mandibular premolars. The number of roots, root canals and their configuration and its association with symmetry and gender was evaluated. Pearson Chi-square test and Fisher’s-exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mandibular first and second premolars reported with single root in 94.9% and 98.1% cases, respectively. Majority of 1st premolars displayed 2 canals (59.7%) whereas 2nd premolars exhibited single canal (58.3%) more frequently. Type I configuration was most prevalent in both 1st premolar (39.8%) and 2nd premolars (60.2%). Type V configuration was significantly reported on the left in both mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars (13.9% and 4.6%), respectively. There was no significant gender predilection observed for the morphology of roots, root canal and canal configuration. Conclusion: In Delhi-NCR, there was a high prevalence of multiple canals and variable configurations in 1st premolars whereas single root canal and Type I canal configuration were more frequent in 2nd premolars with a significant bilateral distribution. However, in both mandibular premolars there was a slight inclination reported for multiple canals and variable configurations towards left with no gender predilection.

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Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of ProTaper® Universal Rotary Retreatment System for Gutta-percha Removal from Single Root Canals, Obturated with Two Different Techniques: In Vitro Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study

Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10048-0048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

Gaurav Sharma ◽

Krishna P Lashkari ◽

Alka Shukla ◽

Chittenahalli N Vijay Kumar

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Root Canals ◽

Single Root ◽

Gutta Percha

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Evaluation of the Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First and Second Molar using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1426 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 134-138

Author(s):

Girish Pallippurath ◽

Neeta Shetty ◽

Rayapudi Phani Mohan ◽

Manuel S Thomas ◽

Arjun Tallada

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Indian Population ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Second Molar ◽

Root Canals ◽

Single Root ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Canal Morphology

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of maxillary first and second molars in Southern West Coastal Indian population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods Cone beam computed tomography images of (n = 143) maxillary first molar and (n = 139) maxillary second molar were obtained from Southern West Coastal Indian population. The number of roots, root canals, and presence of second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal were determined. Results Two roots were seen only in 1.4% of first molars and 8.6% of second molars. Three- rooted were the most common and seen in 98.6% of first molars and 89.9% of second molars. Single root was seen in 1.4% of second molars. The incidence of MB2 canal in the first molar is 64.1% and in second molar 23%. C-shaped canals were found in 1.4% of the second molars Conclusion Southern West Coastal Indian population showed features that were similar to other regions of Indian Population. The CBCT is a wonder tool for the study of root canal morphology and a reliable source of information for retrospective studies. How to cite this article Mohan RP, Thomas MS, Shetty N, Ahmed J, Pallippurath G, Tallada A. Evaluation of the Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First and Second Molar using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study. World J Dent 2017;8(2):134-138.

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Assessment of root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors using cone-beam computed tomography in a Turkish subpopulation

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 46-53

Author(s):

Ata Nisa Çoban Kanyılmaz ◽

Özlem Okumuş ◽

Hakkı Sunay

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Type Iii ◽

Root Canals ◽

Single Root ◽

Root Canal Anatomy ◽

Mandibular Incisors

Aim: The achievement of root canal treatment is influenced by the status of the root canals. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of second root canals in mandibular incisors and the prevalence of root canal separation in the cervical, middle and apical thirds of cases with 2 root canals. Methodology: Retrospective cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) datas of 500 patients seen between 2016 and 2018 were evaluated. A total of 300 patients, 134 males and 166 females, aged 13-71 years (mean age 39.34±13.44) were included in this study. A total of 587 central mandibular incisors and 582 lateral mandibular incisors were examined. The number of roots and root canal morphology based on the Vertucci’s classification were analyzed. The effect of gender on the prevalence of root canal anatomy was also evaluated. Results: The occurence of more than 1 root canal in mandibular lateral and mandibular central was 41.2% and 40.4% respectively and all teeth had a single root. Type I (59.2%) was the most common type, followed by Type III (31.4%), Type II (5.8%), Type VII (2.1 %), Type VI (0.8%) and Type V (0.7%). Type IV and Type VIII were not observed. The root canal separation in two root canaI of central and lateral mandibular incisors was found in the middle third of the root in 65.4% and 74.6%, respectively. The incidence of Type III in males (39%) was higher than that of females (25.4%), while the incidences of Type I in females (67.7%) were significantly higher than that of males (48.3%). The prevalence of second canals in mandibular incisors were detected more frequently in men than in women. Conclusion: The prevalence of second canal in total mandibular incisors is 40.8% (Type III was observed the most frequently). CBCT is an appropriate method for identifying of canal morphologies of mandibular incisors. How to cite this article: Çoban Kanyılmaz AN, Okumuş Ö, Sunay H. Assessment of root canal anatomy of mandibular incisors using cone-beam computed tomography in a Turkish subpopulation. Int Dent Res 2021;11(1):46-53. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no1.8 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Intrusion of maxillary molar roots into the maxillary sinus in a sample of the Egyptian population using cone beam computed tomography

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-021-00540-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Esraa Ahmed Eid ◽

Fatma Mostafa El-Badawy ◽

Walaa Mohamed Hamed

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Third Molar ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Egyptian Population ◽

Maxillary Molar ◽

Maxillary Sinus Floor ◽

Sinus Floor ◽

The Right

Abstract Background The proximity of the maxillary sinus floor to the maxillary molar roots increases the probability of oroantral communication on conducting any surgical or endodontic procedure in the involved area. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between each maxillary molar root and maxillary sinus floor using cone beam computed tomography. Predicting the probability of protrusion of each root into the sinus will consequently predict the probability of occurrence of the oroantral fistula in a sample of the Egyptian population. Results The total number of roots located outside the sinus was 121 (35.3%), while those contacting the sinus floor were 80 (23.3%) and those intruded the sinus were 141 (41.2%). The percentage of root intrusion into the sinus in males (56.9%) was significantly (p = 0.01) higher than females (42.9%). The probability of root intrusion in the left molars (54.2%) was non-significantly (p = 0.067) higher than that of the right side (44.3%). As for the type of tooth, the second molar showed the highest probability of root intrusion into the sinus (55.3%) followed by the third molars (52.6%) then the first molars (40.9). According to the type of root, the mesiobuccal root showed the highest probability of intrusion into the sinus (50.9%) followed by the palatal root (49.1%) then the distobuccal root (47.4%). However, the difference in both type of tooth and type of root was statistically non-significant (p = 0.051 and 0.869 respectively). As for the individual root with the highest probability of intrusion, the mesio-buccal root of the right third molar is the most frequent root to intrude the sinus (71.4%) and the mesio-buccal root of the right first molar is the least frequent (22.7%). Conclusions In a sample of the Egyptian population, males exhibit higher probability of root protrusion into the sinus than females. The side and type of tooth are of higher impact on the probability of its intrusion into the sinus compared to the type of root. Left second molars are at a higher risk of oroantral communications on surgical or endodontic procedures compared to other molars due to its highest probability of intrusion into the sinus.

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