Multiple roles of working women and psychological well-being

Examination of the relationships of multiple roles and internal-external locus of control with psychological well-being among 162 middle-class women aged 23 yr. and over, returning to school at a community college, showed women occupying two or three of the roles of partner, mother, and paid employee were happier than those occupying one or none. Internal locus of control was important in adding significantly to the prediction of both happiness and self-esteem, beyond that predicted by number of roles and control variables. Psychological well-being for women returning to school is positively correlated with more social roles and internal scores on locus of control.

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Multiple Roles and Psychological Well-Being

Sociological Focus ◽

10.1080/00380237.1979.10570341 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 141-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Elmer Spreitzer ◽

Eldon E. Snyder ◽

David L. Larson

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

Psychological Well Being

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Psychological Consequences of Multiple Social Roles

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1111/j.1471-6402.1986.tb00762.x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 373-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Paula R. Pietromonaco ◽

Jean Manis ◽

Katherine Frohardt-Lane

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Life Stress ◽

Working Women ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Parental Satisfaction ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

Life Domains ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

Employed Women

This research relies on data from a survey conducted in 1981 to explore the potential negative and positive consequences of having multiple roles. The responses of 500 employed women to questions about self-esteem, satisfaction with careers, partners, and children, and perceptions of life stress and pleasure were examined. The number of roles held by respondents ranged from 1 to 5 (worker, partner, parent, volunteer, and student). The results indicated that higher self-esteem and greater job satisfaction were associated with holding more roles. However, neither marital nor parental satisfaction was consistently related to the number of roles held. Although the majority of working women reported their lives to be stressful, this finding was independent of the number of roles held, and women with more roles did not consistently report a greater number of stressful life domains. These findings suggest that, for employed women, having multiple roles may enhance psychological well-being.

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Optimism as a Correlate of Happiness among Working Women

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0302.174 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Chanderkant Gorsy ◽

Neeraj Panwar

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Family Member ◽

Working Women ◽

Well Being ◽

Multiple Roles ◽

Positive Thinking ◽

Lower Side ◽

Positive Cognitions

Promoting positive cognitions has been the quest for psychologists since the psychology has been pre-fixed with the very term positive. To be optimistic is one of the greatest strength for having positive cognitions which is expected to promote feeling of well-being within an individual. Thus, with positive thinking one can achieve the higher level of happiness. Particularly, working women is one of the groups which have been expected to perform multiple roles with efficiency. They have to meet expectations of each and every family member; even then, if they are working they are expected to be equally competent on professional front as well. Therefore it was worth full to conduct a study on working women to access their optimism and strength of its association with happiness for them. The study was carried out on a sample of 130 working females. The results from the statistical analysis revealed that happiness was strongly associated with optimism. Results also indicated that, working women those who scored high on happiness were also found high on optimism as compared to those who fall on the lower side on both the positive attributes.

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