Under- and Over-Estimation

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Crollen ◽  
Julie Castronovo ◽  
Xavier Seron
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Numerical Estimation ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Perception Task ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis ◽  
Task Perception

Over the last 30 years, numerical estimation has been largely studied. Recently, Castronovo and Seron (2007) proposed the bi-directional mapping hypothesis in order to account for the finding that dependent on the type of estimation task (perception vs. production of numerosities), reverse patterns of performance are found (i.e., under- and over-estimation, respectively). Here, we further investigated this hypothesis by submitting adult participants to three types of numerical estimation task: (1) a perception task, in which participants had to estimate the numerosity of a non-symbolic collection; (2) a production task, in which participants had to approximately produce the numerosity of a symbolic numerical input; and (3) a reproduction task, in which participants had to reproduce the numerosity of a non-symbolic numerical input. Our results gave further support to the finding that different patterns of performance are found according to the type of estimation task: (1) under-estimation in the perception task; (2) over-estimation in the production task; and (3) accurate estimation in the reproduction task. Moreover, correlation analyses revealed that the more a participant under-estimated in the perception task, the more he/she over-estimated in the production task. We discussed these empirical data by showing how they can be accounted by the bi-directional mapping hypothesis ( Castronovo & Seron, 2007 ).

A Classifier Language with D

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-252
Author(s):  
Li Julie Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Classifier Languages ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis

Chapter 4 analyzes argument formation in Nuosu Yi, a language that is typologically unusual in having classifiers as well as a definite determiner. Also unusual is the fact that its demonstratives do not combine directly with nouns but require the mediation of classifiers. Properties such as these are shown to challenge accounts of argument formation developed in Chapters 2 and 3. In particular, the discovery of a classifier language with an overt determiner may seem to tilt the balance in favor of the Universal DP Hypothesis and also disprove Chierchia’s (1998b) Nominal Mapping Hypothesis adopted in Chapters 2 and 3. However, this chapter argues that the opposite is the case. It proposes a modification of Chierchia’s (1998b) framework, which accounts for why classifier languages with overt Ds are possible but rare and also allows us to make further predictions about classifier languages.

scholarly journals An isomorphic mapping hypothesis of the grid representation

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1635) ◽  
pp. 20120521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brecht ◽  
Saikat Ray ◽  
Andrea Burgalossi ◽  
Qiusong Tang ◽  
Helene Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Connectivity Matrix ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Medial Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis

We introduce a grid cell microcircuit hypothesis. We propose the ‘grid in the world’ (evident in grid cell discharges) is generated by a ‘grid in the cortex’. This cortical grid is formed by patches of calbindin-positive pyramidal neurons in layer 2 of medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). Our isomorphic mapping hypothesis assumes three types of isomorphism: (i) metric correspondence of neural space (the two-dimensional cortical sheet) and the external two-dimensional space within patches; (ii) isomorphism between cellular connectivity matrix and firing field; (iii) isomorphism between single cell and population activity. Each patch is a grid cell lattice arranged in a two-dimensional map of space with a neural : external scale of approximately 1 : 2000 in the dorsal part of rat MEC. The lattice behaves like an excitable medium with neighbouring grid cells exciting each other. Spatial scale is implemented as an intrinsic scaling factor for neural propagation speed. This factor varies along the dorsoventral cortical axis. A connectivity scheme of the grid system is described. Head direction input specifies the direction of activity propagation. We extend the theory to neurons between grid patches and predict a rare discharge pattern (inverted grid cells) and the relative location and proportion of grid cells and spatial band cells.

The isomorphic mapping hypothesis: Evidence from Korean

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O'Grady ◽  
Miseon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mapping Hypothesis

scholarly journals Canonicity Effect on Sentence Processing of Persian-Speaking Broca’s Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Azad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Grammaticality Judgment ◽  
Chance Performance ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis ◽  
Object Experience ◽  
Cleft Constructions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Passive Object

This research with the aim of scrutinizing fundamental notions of mapping hypothesis tries to investigate the comprehension of diverse complex syntactic structures in four age, education and gender matched Persian-speaking Broca’s patients and eight matched healthy controls via conducting two tasks of syntactic comprehension and grammaticality judgment in which subjects’ comprehension of diverse complex structures were put into scrutiny. The structures being tested included subject –agentive, agentive passive, object experience, subject experience, subject cleft and object cleft constructions. Our results, while corroborating the predictions of mapping hypothesis, showed that in structures in which linguistic elements were substituted and dislocated out of their canonical syntactic positions, namely, agentive passive, subject- experiencer, object -experiencer and object- cleft constructions, Broca’s problems escalated. In contrast, in those structures whose constituent concatenations were aligned with canonical syntactic structures, namely subject agentive and cleft structures, patients had above chance performance. Ultimately, theoretical and clinical implications of the study were discussed

scholarly journals The adicities of thematic separation

2015 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Terje Lohndal
Keyword(s):  
Logical Form ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis ◽  
Event Variable

This paper discusses whether or not verbs have thematic arguments or whether they just have an event variable. The paper discusses some evidence in favor of the Neo-Davidsonian position that verbs only have an event variable. Based on this evidence, the paper develops a transparent mapping hypothesis from syntax to logical form where each Spell-Out domain corresponds to a conjunct at logical form. The paper closes by discussing the nature of compositionality for a Conjunctivist semantics.

Existentials and Partitives in Malagasy

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 377-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Paul
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Small Clause ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis ◽  
Existential Construction ◽  
Precise Interpretation

AbstractThis article discusses the existential construction in Malagasy, focussing on the distribution and interpretation of nominals. It is argued that the existential construction involves the raising of specific NPs out of the small clause complement of the existential verb misy. Nonspecific NPs, on the other hand, are shown to remain within the complement. That raising correlates with interpretation provides evidence in favour of the Mapping Hypothesis of Diesing (1992). Although the syntactic analysis accounts for the specific/nonspecific distribution in the existential construction, it leaves unexplained the precise interpretation of the specific NP, which may be either partitive, possessive, or locative. This article therefore argues for a relation, PARTITIVE, which unites these three readings.

Bare numeral phrases in Mandarin and the Minimalist Mapping Hypothesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-58
Author(s):  
Wei-wen Roger Liao
Keyword(s):  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Existential Meaning ◽  
Syntactic Feature ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis ◽  
Lower Root ◽  
Extended Mapping

Abstract We pursue an agreement-based analysis of the bare numeral phrases in Chinese. Bare numeral phrases in Chinese often occur with the you marker in the preverbal position. With the marker, a bare numeral phrase obtains an individual-denoting reading, which has an existential meaning. In contrast, several syntactic environments do not need the you marker, and the bare numeral phrase obtains the quantity-denoting reading. In addition to the existential you marker, we observe that the distributions of the two readings are correlated to the lower (root) modals (Mod) and the middle aspects (Asp). We argue that the correlation can be analyzed through syntactic feature agreement. That is, the bare numeral phrase carries an unvalued quantificational feature in the null D, and its unvalued feature is valued by the corresponding existential you marker, Asp, and/or Mod heads through (multiple) agreement. We argue that the proposed feature agreement mechanism can improve upon the (Extended) Mapping Hypothesis (Diesing 1992; Tsai 1999, 2001) under the Minimalist Program.

“Postverbal” Subjects and the Mapping Hypothesis

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Longobardi
Keyword(s):  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Internal Position ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis ◽  
Peripheral Position ◽  
Bare Nouns ◽  
Focus Movement ◽  
The One ◽  
Germanic Languages

Superficially postverbal subjects of free inversion languages such as, Italian are argued to be able to meet two distinct structural analyses: they may occupy either a VP-internal position, as more traditionally assumed, or a higher (preverbal and, actually, left-peripheral) position, with the remnant of the clause crossing leftward over them by dislocation or focus movement. These are all and only the possibilities expected under recent restrictive theories of phrase structure, like the one advocated by Kayne (1994), and are exactly those empirically realized. Evidence for this conclusion is based primarily on the, (existential/generic) interpretation of bare nouns and overt indefinites and is reinforced by extraction considerations. The whole analysis, based on the interpretation of Romance indefinites, is likely to support some version of Diesing's (1992) Mapping Hypothesis even more strongly than previous types of evidence did, including the original data from Germanic languages.

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