Social media provides a rich amount of data on the everyday lives, opinions, thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors of individuals and organizations in near real-time. Leveraging these data effectively and responsibly should therefore improve our ability to understand political, psychological, economic, and sociological behaviors and opinions across time. This article is the first in a series of white papers that will provide a summary of the discussions derived from meetings of social scientists and computer scientists with the goal of creating consensus for how social and computer science could converge to answer important questions about complex human behaviors and dynamics using social media data. We present three basic research designs that are commonly used in social science and are applicable to research using social media data: qualitative observation, experiments, and surveys. We also discuss a fourth design that is primarily informed by computer science, non-designed data, but that can inform social science research. After a brief discussion of the general approach of these designs and their applicability for use with social media data, we discuss the challenges associated with their use with social media data and potential solutions for “convergence” of these methods for future quantitative research in the social sciences.
Basic research methods: an entry to social science research