scholarly journals Role of Gut Microbiota in Early Infant Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMPed.S2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Wall ◽  
R.P Ross ◽  
C.A Ryan ◽  
S Hussey ◽  
B Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Early Infant Nutrition

Early colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract is crucial for the overall health of the infant, and establishment and maintenance of non-pathogenic intestinal microbiota may reduce several neonatal inflammatory conditions. Much effort has therefore been devoted to manipulation of the composition of the microbiota through 1) the role of early infant nutrition, particularly breast milk, and supplementation of infant formula with prebiotics that positively influence the enteric microbiota by selectively promoting growth of beneficial bacteria and 2) oral administration of probiotic bacteria which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. While the complex microbiota of the adult is difficult to change in the long-term, there is greater impact of the diet on infant microbiota as this is not as stable as in adults. Decreasing excessive use of antibiotics and increasing the use of pre- and probiotics have shown to be beneficial in the prevention of several important infant diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis and atopic eczema as well as improvement of short and long-term health. This review addresses how the composition of the gut microbiota becomes established in early life, its relevance to infant health, and dietary means by which it can be manipulated.

scholarly journals The Role of Microbiota in Infant Health: From Early Life to Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Yao ◽  
Xiaoyu Cai ◽  
Yiqing Ye ◽  
Fengmei Wang ◽  
Fengying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

From early life to adulthood, the microbiota play a crucial role in the health of the infant. The microbiota in early life are not only a key regulator of infant health but also associated with long-term health. Pregnancy to early life is the golden time for the establishment of the infant microbiota, which is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. Recently, there is an explosion of the studies on the role of microbiota in human diseases, but the application to disease or health is relatively limited because many aspects of human microbiota remain controversial, especially about the infant microbiota. Therefore, a critical and conclusive review is necessary to understand fully the relationship between the microbiota and the health of infant. In this article, we introduce in detail the role of microbiota in the infant from pregnancy to early life to long-term health. The main contents of this article include the relationship between the maternal microbiota and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the establishment of the neonatal microbiota during perinatal period and early life, the composition of the infant gut microbiota, the prediction of the microbiota for long-term health, and the future study directions of microbiota.

Manipulating the Gut Microbiota to Manage Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 6198-6202
Author(s):  
Anthony Paulo Sunjaya ◽  
Angela Felicia Sunjaya ◽  
Meilani Kumala
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Diet Modification ◽  
Food Biotechnology ◽  
Microbial Strain

Obesity has currently become a worldwide epidemic. Currently, lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery remains the only available armamentarium. However, lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy resulted in variable outcomes and are often unsustainable. On the other hand, advances in metagenomics and food biotechnology has reported the important role of gut microbiota in the complex pathophysiology of obesity and its possible role in treating it. This review aims to discuss the potential of manipulating gut microbiota to tackle obesity. Articles were obtained through Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, High Wire and Elsevier Clinical Key using the keywords “obesity AND gut microbiota or synonyms.” Various studies have shown the interactions between gut microbiota, gut permeability and the immune system as a mechanism that links diet, obesity and its comorbidities. There are currently several reported methods of manipulating gut microbiota namely, though probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and diet modification with varying outcomes based on the microbial strain affected and used. Studies have also proposed manipulating gut microbiota as a way to prevent and manage obesity en-mass. Conclusions: Gut microbiota plays a great role in maintaining body’s energy balance. Manipulating gut microbiota has great potential to become a low cost and effective treatment for obesity and its prevention with minimal side effects for long-term use. The various forms of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics currently available would be able to increase patient’s compliance and easiness in distribution. Better management of obesity would lead to a reduction in many comorbidities including heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Weronika Bielka ◽  
Agnieszka Przezak ◽  
Andrzej Pawlik
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Therapeutic Problem

Diabetes mellitus is a significant clinical and therapeutic problem because it can lead to serious long-term complications. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood, but there are indications that dysbiosis can play a role in the development of diabetes, or that it appears during the course of the disease. Changes in microbiota composition are observed in both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. These modifications are associated with pro-inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, endotoxemia, impaired β-cell function and development of insulin resistance. This review summarizes the role of the gut microbiota in healthy individuals and the changes in bacterial composition that can be associated with T1D or T2D. It also presents new developments in diabetes therapy based on influencing the gut microbiota as a promising method to alter the course of diabetes. Moreover, it highlights the lacking data and suggests future directions needed to prove the causal relationship between dysbiosis and diabetes, both T1D and T2D.

Role of the Father

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (Supplement_E1) ◽  
pp. 1253-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Pruett
Keyword(s):  
Infant Development ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Interaction Styles ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Primary Caregiving

Fathers make definite contributions to infant development and are now spending more time with their children than in many past decades. This article reviews the most compelling research on the developmental importance of fathers, including father–infant attachment and interaction, and differences between maternal and paternal interaction styles. Results of a long-term study of primary caregiving fathers also are presented.

Early Infant Nutrition: Breast Feeding

Nutrition ◽  
1979 ◽  
pp. 229-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick B. Jelliffe ◽  
E. F. Patrice Jelliffe
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Early Infant Nutrition

scholarly journals Factor XIII Subunit A in the Skin: Applications in Diagnosis and Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilla Paragh ◽  
Daniel Törőcsik
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Subunit A ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Dermal Cell ◽  
Wide Range

The role of factor XIII subunit A (FXIII-A) is not restricted to hemostasis. FXIII-A is also present intracellularly in several human cells and serves as a diagnostic marker in a wide range of dermatological diseases from inflammatory conditions to malignancies. In this review, we provide a guide on the still controversial interpretation of dermal cell types expressing FXIII-A and assess the previously described mechanisms behind their accumulation under physiological and pathological conditions of the human skin. We summarize the intracellular functions of FXIII-A as well as its possible sources in the extracellular space of the dermis with a focus on its relevance to skin homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Finally, the potential role of FXIII-A in wound healing, as a field with long-term therapeutic implications, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Campylobacter Infection Is Associated with the Species Composition of the Human Fecal Microbiota

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Dicksved ◽  
Patrik Ellström ◽  
Lars Engstrand ◽  
Hilpi Rautelin
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Abattoir Workers ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACTThe gut microbiota is essential for human health, but very little is known about how the composition of this ecosystem can influence and respond to bacterial infections. Here we address this by prospectively studying the gut microbiota composition before, during, and after naturalCampylobacterinfection in exposed poultry abattoir workers. The gut microbiota composition was analyzed with 16S amplicon sequencing of fecal samples from poultry abattoir workers during the peak season ofCampylobacterinfection in Sweden. The gut microbiota compositions were compared between individuals who became culture positive forCampylobacterand those who remained negative. Individuals who becameCampylobacterpositive had a significantly higher abundance ofBacteroides(P= 0.007) andEscherichia(P= 0.002) species than those who remained culture negative. Furthermore, this group had a significantly higher abundance ofPhascolarctobacterium(P= 0.017) andStreptococcus(P= 0.034) sequences than theCampylobacter-negative group, which had an overrepresentation ofClostridiales(P= 0.017), unclassifiedLachnospiraceae(P= 0.008), andAnaerovorax(P= 0.015) sequences. Intraindividual comparisons of the fecal microbiota compositions yielded small differences over time inCampylobacter-negative participants, but significant long-term changes were found in theCampylobacter-positive group (P< 0.005). The results suggest that the abundance of specific genera in the microbiota reduces resistance toCampylobactercolonization in humans and thatCampylobacterinfection can have long-term effects on the composition of the human fecal microbiota.IMPORTANCEStudies using mouse models have made important contributions to our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in resistance to bacterial enteropathogen colonization. The relative abundances ofEscherichia coliandBacteroidesspecies have been pointed out as important determinants of susceptibility to Gram-negative pathogens in general andCampylobacterinfection in particular. In this study, we assessed the role of the human gut microbiota in resistance toCampylobactercolonization by studying abattoir workers that are heavily exposed to these bacteria. Individuals with a certain composition of the gut microbiota became culture positive forCampylobacter. As their microbiotas were characterized by high abundances ofBacteroidesspp. andE. coli, well in line with the findings with mouse models, these bacterial species likely play an important role in colonization resistance also in humans.

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