scholarly journals Impact of the Argemone mexicana Stem Extracts on the Reproductive Fitness and Behavior of Adult Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S19006
Author(s):  
Radhika Warikoo ◽  
Sarita Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Oviposition Deterrent ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Argemone Mexicana ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Benzene Extract

Present investigations evaluated the impact of Argemone mexicana stem extracts on the reproductive fitness of dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, assessed in terms of oviposition deterrent and ovicidal potential. The oviposition deterrent studies of the extracts, prepared using petroleum ether, hexane, benzene, acetone, and ethanol as the solvents, revealed the maximum deterrence potency of the petroleum ether extracts with a significant 15.6% ED at 60 ppm rising by 83.8% at 1000 ppm to 99.4% effective deterrence (ED). Other stem extracts were found to be ineffective at 60 ppm, though resulted in 85.3–96.2% ED and diminished fecundity in A. aegypti at 1000 ppm. Further, A. mexicana stem extracts exhibited moderate ovicidal potential against A. aegypti eggs causing only 42.65–67.85% egg mortality at 1000 ppm, the lowest hatch of 32.15% caused by the benzene extract. Other stem extracts also failed to express effective ovicidal potency with the percent egg hatch ranging between 96.6 and 99.0 at 400 ppm, and 78.8 and 99.0 at 600 ppm. Our results suggest the significant but variable efficacy of A. mexicana stem extracts causing reproductive disadvantage in A. aegypti.

scholarly journals Oviposition Deterrent Activity and Ovicidal Effect of Pometia pinnata Leaves Extract against Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diftera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Luthfi Suharyo ◽  
Rizqulla K. Arthari ◽  
Fitria S.N. Rochmah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oviposition Deterrent ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Oviposition Trap ◽  
Deterrent Activity

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue fever that most commonly occurred in Indonesia. The application of botanical insecticides is being developed as an alternative vector control. Botanical components have been reported as the potential alternative to inhibit the process of oviposition and fecundity suppression. This study aims to determine the oviposition deterrent activity and ovicidal effects of ethanol extract of Pometia pinnata leaves against Aedes aegypti. Oviposition deterrent assay was conducted on twenty bloodfed females in a cage (40 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm). One treated oviposition trap and one control oviposition trap were placed in the opposite corner of the cage. Four replicates were performed for each concentration. The eggs were counted and analyzed after 72 hours of trial. Ethanol extract of Pometia pinnata leaves have antioviposition effect on female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti at 400 ppm (effective repellency / ER = 56.38%; oviposition active index/OAI = -0.39) and 500 ppm (ER = 66.4%; OAI = -0.49). In the ovicidal assay, twentyfive eggs are used for determination ovicidal effect and five replicates were performed for each concentration. The hatched larvae were collected and counted daily. The ethanolic extract of Pometia pinnata leaves at 0.05%, 0,1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, and 0.25% concentration have ovicidal activity of 11%, 28%, 87%, 94%, and 98% against Aedes aegypti eggs, respectively. This study revealed that the ethanol extract of Pometia pinnata leaves could be a potential alternative in controlling the dengue vector.

scholarly journals Plant nutrient quality impacts survival and reproductive fitness of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Odhiambo Nyasembe ◽  
David Poumo Tchouassi ◽  
Martha Njeri Muturi ◽  
Christian W. W. Pirk ◽  
Catherine L. Sole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Dengue Vector

Abstract Background: In a recent study using DNA barcoding, we identified the plants fed upon by four Afro-tropical mosquito species that vector dengue, malaria, and Rift Valley fever. Herein, we have expanded on this study by investigating the role of three of the plants Pithecellobium dulce (Fabaceae), Leonotis nepetifolia (Lamiaceae), and Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) on survival, fecundity, and egg viability of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Methods: We tested these effects using females that received a) an initial three rations of bloodmeal, and b) received no bloodmeal at all. Two controls were included; age-matched females fed on glucose solution with or without initial bloodmeal, and those fed exclusively on bloodmeal. Data was collected daily over a 30-day period. The amino acid content of Ae. aegypti guts and the amino acid content of their respective diets was detected by coupled liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry.Results: Females fed on P. dulce and exclusive bloodmeal had a shorter survival than those fed on glucose. On the other hand, females fed on L. nepetifolia survived longer than those fed exclusively on bloodmeal, whereas those fed on O. ficus-indica had the shortest survival time. With initial bloodmeal, females fed on L. nepetifolia laid 1.6-fold more eggs while those fed on the other diets laid fewer eggs, compared to those fed exclusively on bloodmeal. Hatching rates of the eggs laid varied with the diet. Mass spectroscopic analysis of gut contents of mosquitoes exposed to the different diets showed qualitative and quantitative differences in their amino acid levels. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the central role of plant nutrients in the reproductive fitness of dengue vectors which may impact their disease transmission potential.

scholarly journals Plant Nutrient Quality Promotes Survival and Reproductive Fitness of the Dengue Vector Aedes Aegypti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Odhiambo Nyasembe ◽  
David P. Tchouassi ◽  
Martha N. Muturi ◽  
Christian W. W. Pirk ◽  
Catherine L. Sole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Dengue Vector

Abstract Background: In a recent study using DNA barcoding, we identified the plants fed upon by four Afro-tropical mosquito species that vector dengue, malaria, and Rift Valley fever. Herein, we have expanded on this study by investigating the role of three of the plants Pithecellobium dulce (Fabaceae), Leonotis nepetifolia (Lamiaceae), and Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) on survival, fecundity, and egg viability of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Methods: We tested these effects using females that received a) an initial three rations of bloodmeal, and b) received no bloodmeal at all. Two controls were included; age-matched females fed on glucose solution with or without initial bloodmeal, and those fed exclusively on bloodmeal. Data was collected daily over a 30-day period. The amino acid content of Ae. aegypti guts and the amino acid content of their respective diets was detected by coupled liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry.Results: Females fed on P. dulce and exclusive bloodmeal had a shorter survival than those fed on glucose. On the other hand, females fed on L. nepetifolia survived longer than those fed exclusively on bloodmeal, whereas those fed on O. ficus-indica had the shortest survival time. With initial bloodmeal, females fed on L. nepetifolia laid 1.6-fold more eggs while those fed on the other diets laid fewer eggs, compared to those fed exclusively on bloodmeal. Hatching rates of the eggs laid varied with the diet. Mass spectroscopic analysis of gut contents of mosquitoes exposed to the different diets showed qualitative and quantitative differences in their amino acid levels. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the central role of plant nutrients in the reproductive fitness of dengue vectors which may impact their disease transmission potential.

scholarly journals Plant nutrient quality promotes survival and reproductive fitness of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Odhiambo Nyasembe ◽  
David P. Tchouassi ◽  
Martha N. Muturi ◽  
Christian W. W. Pirk ◽  
Catherine L. Sole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Dengue Vector

Abstract Background In a recent study using DNA barcoding, we identified the plants fed upon by four Afro-tropical mosquito species that vector dengue, malaria, and Rift Valley fever. Herein, we have expanded on this study by investigating the role of three of the plants Pithecellobium dulce (Fabaceae), Leonotis nepetifolia (Lamiaceae), and Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae) on survival, fecundity, and egg viability of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Methods We tested these effects using females that received a) an initial three rations of bloodmeal, and b) received no bloodmeal at all. Two controls were included; age-matched females fed on glucose solution with or without initial bloodmeal, and those fed exclusively on bloodmeal. Data was collected daily over a 30-day period. The amino acid content of Ae. aegypti guts and the amino acid content of their respective diets was detected by coupled liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry. Results Females fed on P. dulce and exclusive bloodmeal had a shorter survival than those fed on glucose. On the other hand, females fed on L. nepetifolia survived longer than those fed exclusively on bloodmeal, whereas those fed on O. ficus-indica had the shortest survival time. With initial bloodmeal, females fed on L. nepetifolia laid 1.6-fold more eggs while those fed on the other diets laid fewer eggs, compared to those fed exclusively on bloodmeal. Hatching rates of the eggs laid varied with the diet. Mass spectroscopic analysis of gut contents of mosquitoes exposed to the different diets showed qualitative and quantitative differences in their amino acid levels. Conclusion Our findings highlight the central role of plant nutrients in the reproductive fitness of dengue vectors which may impact their disease transmission potential.

scholarly journals The impact of mating and sugar feeding on blood-feeding physiology and behavior in the arbovirus vector mosquito Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009815
Author(s):  
Garrett P. League ◽  
Ethan C. Degner ◽  
Sylvie A. Pitcher ◽  
Yassi Hafezi ◽  
Erica Tennant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Female Behavior ◽  
Sugar Feeding ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Initial Blood

Background Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are globally distributed vectors of viruses that impact the health of hundreds of millions of people annually. Mating and blood feeding represent fundamental aspects of mosquito life history that carry important implications for vectorial capacity and for control strategies. Females transmit pathogens to vertebrate hosts and obtain essential nutrients for eggs during blood feeding. Further, because host-seeking Ae. aegypti females mate with males swarming near hosts, biological crosstalk between these behaviors could be important. Although mating influences nutritional intake in other insects, prior studies examining mating effects on mosquito blood feeding have yielded conflicting results. Methodology/Principal findings To resolve these discrepancies, we examined blood-feeding physiology and behavior in virgin and mated females and in virgins injected with male accessory gland extracts (MAG), which induce post-mating changes in female behavior. We controlled adult nutritional status prior to blood feeding by using water- and sugar-fed controls. Our data show that neither mating nor injection with MAG affect Ae. aegypti blood intake, digestion, or feeding avidity for an initial blood meal. However, sugar feeding, a common supplement in laboratory settings but relatively rare in nature, significantly affected all aspects of feeding and may have contributed to conflicting results among previous studies. Further, mating, MAG injection, and sugar intake induced declines in subsequent feedings after an initial blood meal, correlating with egg production and laying. Taking our evaluation to the field, virgin and mated mosquitoes collected in Colombia were equally likely to contain blood at the time of collection. Conclusions/Significance Mating, MAG, and sugar feeding impact a mosquito’s estimated ability to transmit pathogens through both direct and indirect effects on multiple aspects of mosquito biology. Our results highlight the need to consider natural mosquito ecology, including diet, when assessing their physiology and behavior in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Physiological and reproductive fitness cost in Aedes aegypti on exposure to toxic xenobiotics in New Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Addea Gupta ◽  
Roopa Rani Samal ◽  
Sarita Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
The Impact

Aedes aegypti, is a well-known vector of dengue, Chikungunya and Zika at the global level. Primary use of pyrethroids as control interventions has caused the development of a considerable level of immunity in Ae. aegypti. The current study assessed the efficacy of a pyrethroid, ?-cypermethrin on the survival and various life parameters of Ae. aegypti. The larvicidal studies with ?-cypermethrin revealed the respective LC50 and LC90 values as 0.26526 mg/L and 0.60211 mg/L. The impact of LC50 level was assessed on the growth and life attributes; such as gonotrophic cycle, egg development, hatchability, development and survival of immature stages, adult longevity, reproduction rate and generation time; of fourth instar of susceptible (S) and ?-cypermethrin-exposed population (E). The exposed population showed diminished fitness as compared to the susceptible population. The individual female fecundity in susceptible population was recorded as 79.6 with 61.6% hatchability rate as compared to the 28 eggs/female and 25% hatchability in the exposed population. The mean egg hatch time in S strain increased by 2-fold in E strain. The proportion of immature survival observed in S strain was 0.88 for fourth instar to pupa (P/I), 0.94 for pupa to adult (A/P) and an overall 0.83 for fourth larva to adult (A/I), which respectively reduced to 0.32, 0.86 and 0.27 in E strain of Ae. aegypti. Likewise, the net reproductive rate, birth rate and death rate were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in S than in E strain. This study demonstrates the negative impact of ?-cypermethrin on the physiological and reproductive fitness of Ae. aegypti.

scholarly journals Plant nutrient quality impacts survival and reproductive fitness of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Odhiambo Nyasembe ◽  
David Poumo Tchouassi ◽  
Martha Njeri Muturi ◽  
Christian W. W. Pirk ◽  
Catherine L. Sole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Initial Blood ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract Background In a recent study using DNA barcoding, we identified the plants fed upon by four Afro-tropical mosquito species that vector dengue, malaria, and Rift Valley fever. Herein, we have expanded on this study by investigating the role of three of the plants, Pithecellobium dulce (Fabaceae), Leonotis nepetifolia (Lamiaceae), and Opuntia ficus-indica (Cactaceae), on the survival, fecundity, and egg viability of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Methods We tested these effects using females that received (i) an initial three rations of blood meals and (ii) no blood meal at all. Two controls were included: age-matched females fed on glucose solution with or without an initial blood meal and those fed exclusively on blood meals. Data were collected daily over a 30-day period. The amino acid contents of Ae. aegypti guts and their respective diets were detected by coupled liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results Females fed on P. dulce and an exclusively blood meal diet had a shorter survival than those fed on glucose. On the other hand, females fed on L. nepetifolia survived longer than those fed exclusively on blood meals, whereas those fed on O. ficus-indica had the shortest survival time. With an initial blood meal, females fed on L. nepetifolia laid 1.6-fold more eggs while those fed on the other diets laid fewer eggs compared to those fed exclusively on blood meals. Hatching rates of the eggs laid varied with the diet. Mass spectroscopic analysis of gut contents of mosquitoes exposed to the different diets showed qualitative and quantitative differences in their amino acid levels. Conclusion Our findings highlight the central role of plant nutrients in the reproductive fitness of dengue vectors, which may impact their disease transmission potential.

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