Comparison of genetic and phenotypic parameters in a purebred and a synthetic beef cattle population

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Liu ◽  
M. Makarechian ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Phenotypic Variations ◽  
Two Populations

Genetic and phenotypic parameters of growth traits from birth to 1 year of age were compared in a multibreed Beef Synthetic (SY) and a purebred Hereford (HE) population managed together under the same environmental conditions and selected for growth rate from 1961 to 1979. Growth traits studied were birth weight, preweaning and postweaning gains. Records of 2077 calves of 70 HE and 100 SY paternal half-sib families were used for analysis. Except for birth weight, phenotypic variances of growth traits were similar for the synthetic (SY) and purebred (HE) populations, but genetic variances were larger in SY than in HE for all growth traits except postweaning gain in males. The coefficients of variation were comparable for all the traits studied in the two populations, indicating that phenotypic variations in the multibreed population and the purebred population were similar. Key words: Variance components, heritability, beef cattle

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC EFFECTS ON PREWEANING PERFORMANCE OF CALVES FROM FIRST-CROSS COWS. II. GROWTH TRAITS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Sire Breed

Environmental and genetic effects on preweaning growth traits were evaluated for 4034 calves born and 3732 calves weaned in second and later parities from contemporary populations of first-cross dams maintained at two locations, Brandon and Manyberries. The calves were sired by Chianina (Chi), Charolais (C), Limousin (L) and Simmental (S) bulls mated to 10 F1 dam crosses representing the Hereford × Angus (HA) and nine dam-cross combinations produced by matings of C, S and L sires with H, A and Shorthorn (N) females. Sex differences were important (P < 0.0001) with males averaging 7% heavier at birth and 5% higher in measures of postweaning growth than females. Location differences were negligible for birth weight (1.2%), but preweaning growth rate was 10–13% greater at Brandon (P < 0.0001) than at Manyberries. Year differences were large for all traits measured (P < 0.0001) and, with the exception of birth weight, were related to differences in annual weaning date. Progeny rankings by terminal sire breed were Chi > C (2.5%), Chi > S (4.2%), and Chi > L (11.4%) for birth weight (all P < 0.0001) and Chi = C = S > L by 6% (P < 0.0001) for all measures of preweaning growth. Ranking of the dam crosses by their breed of sire (DS) were C > S > L for birth weight (P < 0.0001) and S > C > L for preweaning growth (P < 0.0002). The paired DS comparisons indicated S > L by 9.1% and C > L by 2.7% for growth rate. Ranking of the dam crosses by their breed of dam (DD) were H = N > A (P < 0.0001) for birth weight and [Formula: see text] for preweaning growth traits. A location × dam cross interaction was evident for the Charolais × Shorthorn dam cross (P < 0.01). Progeny from all dam crosses except the LH and LA at Manyberries grew more rapidly than their contemporary controls (HA progeny) with the Simmental crosses averaging 11–14% higher than the HA. Genetic interactions involving breed of sire and breed of dam were absent. Key words: Beef cattle, crossbreeding, preweaning growth

scholarly journals Evaluación fenotípica y genética para características de crecimiento en la raza criolla colombiana Costeño con Cuernos

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Alfredo Martínez ◽  
Juan Esteban Pérez ◽  
Teófilo Herazo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Number Of Births

<p>Se establecieron componentes de varianza, así como parámetros fenotípicos y genéticos, respecto de las variables ‘peso al nacimiento’, ‘peso al destete’ (ajustado a los 270 días) y ‘peso a los 480 días’ en un hato del ganado criollo colombiano Costeño con Cuernos. Se analizaron 2.281 registros de pesos al nacer, 1.722 de pesos al destete  y 1.086 de pesos ajustados a los 480 días utilizando la metodología de máxima verosimilitud restringida (DFREML). También se ajustó un modelo animal que incluyó efectos genéticos directos, maternos y de ambiente permanente, asumiendo como efectos fijos el año de nacimiento, el sexo del ternero y el número de partos de la madre; finalmente, se estimaron los parámetros genéticos ‘heredabilidad’, ‘repetibilildad’ y se establecieron correlaciones genéticas y fenotípicas. Se reportan bajas estimaciones de heredabilidad de los efectos directos, que varían entre 0,17 ± 0,001 y 0,21 ± 0,074 para los pesos al nacer y al destete, respectivamente; así mismo, fue baja la heredabilidad de los efectos genéticos maternos con relación al peso al nacimiento, aunque estos estimados aumentaron respecto de los pesos al nacer y al destete. Las correlaciones entre efectos directos y maternos fueron negativas, pero el mayor valor se encontró para el peso al nacimiento (-0,89). La contribución del ambiente permanente como proporción de la varianza fenotípica total fue baja y disminuyó a medida que aumentó la edad del animal.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Genetic and phenotypic evaluation to characterize growth traits of the native Colombian breed Costeño con Cuernos</strong></p><p>For a herd of native Colombian breed of cattle -Costeño con Cuernos (CCC)- estimates of variance components for phenotypic and genetic parameters were obtained for birth weight, weight at weaning (adjusted to 270 days) and weight at 480 days. Using the restricted maximum likelihood (REMI) methodology, 2281 birth weight records (PN), 1722 weaning weight records and 1086 weight records adjusted to 480 days were analyze by fitting a model which included direct and maternal genetics effects as well as permanent environmental effects, assuming that fixed effects were year of birth weight, calf gender and the mother number of births. The genetic parameters for heritability, repeatability, genetic and phenotypic correlation were estimated and genotypic and phenotypic correlation was established. Heritability estimates for direct effects are low and range from 0.17 ± 0.001 and 0.21 ± 0.074 for birth and weaning weight respectively; while estimates for maternal genetics effects were also low for PN, they were higher for weaning weight and weight at 480 days. There was a negative correlation between direct and maternal effects, and the higher value was for PN (-0.89). The contribution of the variable permanent environment measured as the contribution of the phenotypic variance was low and diminished as animal age increased.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic aspects of growth and maturing rate in trypanotolerant beef cattle: N'Dama

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
O. O Mgbere ◽  
O. Olutogun
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Animal Management

Genetic parameters for Absolute Growth Rate (AGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Absolute Maturing Rate (AMR) at various age interval from birth to maturity in N 'Dama beef cattle raised in the humid Tropics of Nigeria were estimated. Performance data used were accumulated between 1948 and 1964 at Fasola cattle ranch in Oyo, Nigeria and the number of records analysed ranged from 44 to 678. prewering (B - W) growth and maturing rates in N’Dama calves were 0.377 ± 0.009 kg/day (AGR), 0.643 ± 0.006 %/day (RGR) and 0.120 ± 0.003% A/day (AMR) and fluctuated subsequently, following the animals' state of development and certain physiological stress conditions.  At post weaning (W-12), these rates decreased to 0.249 ± 0.049 kg/day, 0.204 ± 0.029 %/day and 0.075 ± 0.014 % A/day for AGR, RGR and AMR respectively. Estimates of heritability at the various age intervals were considered low in these growth traits with values obtained ranging from 0.03 to 0.24 for AGR, 0.03 to 0.21 for RGR and 0.02 to 0.42 for AMR, with high standard errors. The low estimates though, consistent with literature reports were attributed to the poor standard of animal management and production environment at Fasola. It was evident from this study that selection of N'Dama calves based on post weaning (W-12) growth or maturing rates would yield substantial genetic progress. However, improved animal management and production environment on the ranch would not only improve precision of the genetic parameter estimates but would also enhance N 'Dama growth performance generally.

scholarly journals Factors affecting growth traits of beef cattle breeds raised inSlovakia

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Krupa ◽  
M. Oravcová ◽  
P. Polák ◽  
J. Huba ◽  
Z. Krupová
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sex Effect ◽  
Beef Cattle Breeds

Growth traits of purebred calves of six beef breeds (Aberdeen Angus &ndash; AA, Blonde d&rsquo;Aquitaine &ndash; BA, Charolais &ndash; CH,Hereford &ndash; HE, Limousine &ndash; LI and Beef Simmental &ndash; BS) born from 1998 to 2002 were analysed. Traits under study were birth weight (BW), weight at 120 days (W120), weight at 210 days &ndash; weaning weight (WW), weight at 365 days &ndash; yearling weight (YW) and average daily gains from birth to 120 days (ADG1), from birth to 210 days (ADG2), from birth to 365 days (ADG3), from 120 to 210 days (ADG4). General linear model with class effects of breed, dam&rsquo;s age at calving, sex, herd-year-season (HYS) and covariation of age at weighing was used for analyses. All effects significantly affected both weight and gain traits except for dam&rsquo;s age that was significant for BW, W120, YW and ADG3, and age at weighing that was significant for W120, WW, YW, ADG2, ADG3, ADG4. Estimated least squares means of growth traits were compared using Scheffe&rsquo;s multiple-range tests. Highest BW (40.57&nbsp;kg) and W120 (172.43 kg) were found for BA calves. BS calves had highest WW (260.30 kg), YW (424.07 kg), ADG1 (1&nbsp;154&nbsp;g), ADG2 (1 053 g), ADG3 (1 054 g) and ADG4 (1 098 g). Highest BW, YW, ADG3 and ADG4 were found for males-singles. Males-twins had highest W120, WW, ADG1 and ADG2. Calves descending from 5&ndash;7 years old dams had highest BW, W120, WW, ADG1, ADG2 and ADG4. The proportion of variability of growth traits explained by HYS effect (42.96&ndash;71.69%) was high, whereas proportions of variability explained by SEX effect (2.03&ndash;5.77%), age of dam (1.02&ndash;2.24%) and breed (1.05&ndash;2.21%) were low. Residuals accounted for 23.71 up to 53.79% of total variance. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Genome-wide scan for runs of homozygosity identifies potential candidate regions associated with growth traits in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyao Zhao ◽  
Tianliu Zhang ◽  
Yuqiang Liu ◽  
Zezhao Wang ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Runs Of Homozygosity ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Candidate Regions

Abstract Background: Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are continuous homozygous regions that generally exist in the DNA sequence of diploid organisms. Identifications of regions of the genome lead to reduction in performance can provide valuable insight into the genetic architecture of complex traits. Here, we evaluated genome-wide patterns of homozygosity and their association with growth traits in a commercial beef cattle population.Results: We identified a total of 29,271 ROH segments with an average number of 63.36 and an average length of 0.98 Mb in this commercial beef cattle population, representing ~2.53% (~63.36Mb) of the genome. To evaluate the enrichment of ROH across genomes, we initially identified 280 ROH regions by merging ROH events identified across all individuals. Of these, nine regions were significantly associated with six growth phenotype traits (body height, chest circumference, fat coverage, backfat thickness, ribeye area, carcass length; P<0.01), which contain 187 candidate genes. Furthermore, we found 26 consensus ROH regions with frequencies exceeding 10%, and several of these consensus overlapped with QTLs which are associated with weight gain, calving difficulty and stillbirth. To precisely locate locus within each ROH for every studied trait, we further utilized loci-based methods for association analysis among these identified regions. Totally, we obtained 9,360 loci within ROH, and 1,631 loci displaying significant association (P<0.01) for eight traits. In addition, we found that 67 genes embedded with homozygous loci. Several identified candidate genes, including EBF2, SLC20A2, SH3BGRL2, HMGA1 and ACSL1, were related to growth traits.Conclusions: This study assessed genome-wide autozygosity pattern and inbreeding level in a commercial beef cattle population. Our study identified many candidate regions and genes with ROH for growth traits in beef cattle, which can provide important insights into investigating homozygosity across genome in other farm animals. Our findings may further be unitized to assist the design of selection mating strategy.

scholarly journals Genetic trends for mature body weight, visual scores, and growth traits in Nellore cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso Koetz Júnior ◽  
◽  
Vanerlei Mozaquatro Roso ◽  
Luís Afonso Marques Claus ◽  
Rui Paulo Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Genetic Trends

ABSTRACT: Mature weight (MW) of cows is related to the costs of their production. Usually, cows with moderate MW are more efficient in challenging environments, such as those available in the production systems in Brazil. In the present study, the selection index comprises the following traits: conformation, finishing precocity, musculature at weaning (WC, WP, WM) yearling (YC, YP and YM), scrotal circumference at yearling (SC), days to gain 160kg from birth to weaning (D160) and 240kg after weaning (D240). This are related to birth weight gain at weaning (WG) and from weaning to yearling (YG). The mature (MW) and birth weight (BW) traits were not considered in the selection index. The aim of this study was to estimate the values for the genetic trends (GT) of some important selection (MW) and economic traits (BW). A bi-character analysis of MW and other characteristics was performed to estimate the (co)variance components and genetic parameters. The GT results obtained for MW were null (0.0065% or 0.02718kg per year) in the period 1990-2007. The GT values were determined for BW (-0.0650% or -0.02017kg), WG (0.0758% or 0.0865kg), YG (0.1051% or 0.11377kg), and MW (0.0393% or 0.11276kg) per year. The visual score values (in score units) were also determined for GTat weaning [WC (0.2310%; 0.00707), WP (0.3624%; 0.3623%),aWM (0.01149; 0.01087)] yearling [YC (0.3256%; 0.00990), YP (0.4795%; 0.01496),YM (0.5041%; 0.01457)] per year. Index-based selection was effective to promote genetic progress in WG, WC, WP, WM, YG, YC, YP, and YM characteristics keeping BW and MW constant.

Relationships between pre-weaning growth, post-weaning growth and mature body size in Chios sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Mavrogenis ◽  
A. Constantinou
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Mature Weight ◽  
Chios Sheep ◽  
Birth Type

ABSTRACTThe study examined early measures of growth and their relationships with mature body size. Data on 792 purebred females of the Chios breed, born and reared on two experimental farms between 1978 and 1986, were analysed. Pedigree information and records on live weight at birth, at weaning, 105 days of age and at first and subsequent matings was recorded. There were flock-year differences for all traits studied (P < 0·01) and birth type was important for all traits except post-weaning growth rate. Dam lactation number had no significant effect on birth weight and pre-weaning growth rate, but it significantly affected all subsequent weights and post-weaning growth rate. Estimated heritabilities increased with age and ranged from 0·13 (s.e. 0·14) (birth weight) to 0·30 (s.e. 0·15) (mature weight). Genetic correlations were generally positive between weights and growth traits. Phenotypic correlations were positive and followed the pattern of the genetic correlations. The results suggest that selection for 105-day weight will result in increased mature weight.

COMPARISON OF PHENOTYPIC VARIATION WITHIN PATERNAL HALF SIB FAMILIES FOR WEANING WEIGHT IN A PUREBRED AND A SYNTHETIC BEEF CATTLE POPULATION

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-706
Author(s):  
M. F. LIU ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Common Error ◽  
Sire Model ◽  
Synthetic Populations ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Two Populations

Records of 1487 adjusted weaning weights expressed as deviations from year means in a multibreed Beef Synthetic and a purebred Hereford population raised and managed together under the same selection program from 1968 to 1978 were used to examine the behavior of the phenotypic variation within sire families in the two populations and to further test the conventional common error variance assumption imposed on a sire model. The results indicated that on the average there was no difference in the phenotypic variation within sire families between the purebred and the synthetic populations. Within-sire standard deviations in the two populations were also normally and similarly distributed. Within-sire variances were not heterogeneous. The results suggested that the conventional common error variance assumption imposed on a sire model would be a reasonable approximation applicable to the two populations of different origins. Key words: Beef cattle, variation among half-sibs, weaning weight

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