Catch-up growth of yearling wapiti stags (Cervus elaphus)

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wairimu ◽  
R. J. Hudson ◽  
M. A. Price
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gut Fill

Ten yearling wapiti stags were used to investigate effects of winter nutrition on subsequent growth on summer pasture. One group of five (LOW) was wintered on medium-quality hay, and the other group of five (HIGH) was wintered on hay and alfalfa–barley pellets (16% crude protein). By the time they grazed spring pasture in mid-April, HIGH wapiti had larger frame dimensions and were 20 kg heavier than those wintered on hay alone, despite their lower pre-winter weights. However, subsequent catch-up growth rapidly narrowed these differences, and both groups attained similar weights and frame measurements by late July. Liveweight gains on summer pasture were 0.30 and 0.15 kg d−1 for LOW and HIGH wapiti, respectively. Although LOW wapiti tended to have higher gut fill (3.3 vs. 2.5 kg dry matter), the difference (corrected for assumed dry-matter content) was insufficient to explain compensatory weight gain. Digestibilities and mean retention times did not differ consistently between the treatment groups but were reciprocally related to one another. Forage intakes rose as pastures flushed but declined sharply in July with overgrazing and resumption of supplemental feeding. LOW wapiti consumed more pasture dry matter than HIGH wapiti in May and June. Efficiencies of forage utilization were unrelated to nutritional history. Using data pooled for the two treatment groups from April to June gave estimates of 878 kJ W−0.75 for maintenance and 33.4 kJ g−1 for liveweight gain. The main factor contributing to compensatory gain on summer pasture was higher forage intakes, particularly in relation to metabolic weight. Key words: Game farming, elk, compensatory growth, forage intake, passage rate, energy requirements

Quality of potatoes in relation to soil and season I. The content of dry matter

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wager
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Difference

The dry-matter content of about 260 samples of potatoes was determined. The samples were collected over three seasons and from many types of soil.The average dry-matter content of a variety varied from season to season, but it always bore an approximately constant relationship to the average value of other varieties.Wet seasons led to potatoes low in dry matter.The variation in the content of dry matter of potatoes in different seasons and from different soil types is not a direct effect of the water balance of the tubers.The average content of dry matter of potatoes depends on the soil in which they were grown; fen and blackland gave potatoes with the lowest dry matter, followed by skirt, silt and warp, then loam and medium loam, then clay, and the highest dry matter occurred in stocks grown in sands, gravels or light loams.The difference between the soils is discussed, and it is tentatively concluded that the factor responsible for the variation in content of dry matter of the potatoes is the available water content of the soils.

The effect of different fibre components on growth rate, nutrient digestibility, rate of digesta passage and hindgut fermentation in domesticated rabbits

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wen-Shyg Chiou ◽  
Bi Yu ◽  
Chang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
And Performance

Trials were conducted to study the effect of dietary fibre on performance and nutrient digestibility in growing rabbits. The basal diet was supplemented with 12% cellulose, pectin, lignin, or alfalfa, in four different treatments. Twenty-four 4-week-old Californian male rabbits were randomly allocated into four groups and placed in individual cages. The lignin supplement severely affected both feed intake and performance, pectin second, with dietary cellulose having the least effect. Dietary lignin significantly decreased the digestibility of crude protein, gross energy and dry matter content ( P < 0.05). Rabbits on the pectin supplemented diet digested dry matter, crude fibre and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) better ( P < 0.05) than other treatment groups. On the other hand, rabbits in the lignin group digested crude fibre, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and NDF significantly less well than rabbits in other groups ( P < 0.05). Dietary lignin also significantly decreased the caecal concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA, P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect the molar ratios of the VFAs among treatment groups. The turnover rate of the marker, chromic oxide, in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of rabbits was 64.94, 51.81, 44.05 and 29.59 h in the pectin, alfalfa, lignin and cellulose treatment groups, respectively. The rate of turnover in the digestive tract significantly influenced digestibility of fibre components but did not significantly influence caecal fermentation.

Use of Visible-Near Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy to Discriminate between Kiwifruit with Properties Altered by Preharvest Treatments

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair D. Mowat ◽  
Philip R. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Treatment Groups

Visible-near infrared (NIR) spectra of kiwifruit berries were processed by discriminant analysis techniques to differentiate berries treated during on-vine development. Treatments applied were leaf removal or shading berries with aluminium foil through crop development, or dipping the berries in ethephon two weeks prior to harvest. In order to accentuate the treatment effects, the canes used for individual treatments were cinctured to cut the phloem layer near the central cordon. Diffuse reflectance visible-NIR spectra were measured for all berries at harvest and after storing at 0°C for 16 weeks, and in sound ripened berries, for which the mass, skin colour, soluble solids and dry matter content were also determined. Principal components (PCs) were calculated for the 550–990 nm region of the visible-NIR absorption spectra for 500 berries randomly selected from all treatments. Canonical variate analyses of the PC were used to distinguish the berries from the original treatment groups. At harvest and after storage, discriminant algorithms, based on training spectra, were applied to validation spectra sets and correctly classified 99% and 87% of the berries, respectively, by their on-vine treatment. In the sound ripened berries, discrimination based on the visible-NIR data was superior to that achieved using combinations of mass, skin colour, dry matter and soluble solids.

MAXIMUM LOSS OF FEED FROM NYLON BAGS IN THE RUMENS OF STEERS AS RELATED TO APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY ◽  
R. HIRONAKA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Theoretical Maximum ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
The Difference

Nylon bags containing rolled barley or mixtures of rolled barley and finely chopped alfalfa hay in ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 were removed from two fistulated steers 1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 24, 48, and 72 hours after placement in the rumen. The cumulative loss of dry matter and protein from the bags was described for each ration by an equation of the form X/Y = k1 + k2X. The asymptotes of the curves so calculated were taken as estimates of the theoretical maximum loss of dry matter and protein. Maximum dry matter losses were 77.4, 80.7, 82.4, and 90.5% and apparent dry matter digestibilities were 73.0, 78.3, 79.1, and 80.7% for the 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and all-barley rations, respectively. The corresponding values for maximum protein loss were 95.3, 94.2, 94.6, and 98.8% while those for apparent protein digestibility were 76.8, 83.2, 83.7, and 82.0%. From estimates of endogenous fecal protein loss, it was calculated that fecal loss of potentially available feed dry matter accounted for 60% of the difference between the apparent and maximum digestible dry matter content of the three rations containing hay, and 89% of that of the all-barley ration. Endogenous fecal protein loss accounted for about half of the difference between maximum and apparent protein digestibility.

Effect of leaf-roll disease in potatoes on the composition of the tuber and “mother tuber.”

1926 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Diagnostic Character ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Mother Tuber ◽  
Healthy Mother ◽  
The Difference

1. Tubers obtained from secondary leaf-roll plants have a lower dry matter content than tubers from healthy plants. The percentage of nitrogen in the dry matter is appreciably higher in the former than in the latter. The difference in dry matter content is sufficiently large in many varieties to characterise leaf-roll tubers. Seventeen varieties were examined.2. The rate at which the nutrient materials are removed by the young plants from leaf-roll mother tubers is much slower than in the case of plants from healthy mother tubers. This may be a cause of the stunting characteristic of leaf-roll plants.3. When there is any doubt as to the diagnosis of secondary leaf-roll by the usual symptoms, a determination of the dry matter in the mother tuber two to three months after planting, would serve as a further diagnostic character.

scholarly journals Productivity of winter garlic with different norms of fertilizers

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
M. V. Selivanova ◽  
E. S. Romanenko ◽  
E. A. Mironova ◽  
T. S. Aysanov ◽  
N. A. Esaulko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Food System ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Monopotassium Phosphate ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Difference

Relevance. Garlic is one of the most valuable food products and the increase in its production is associated with the growing needs of the population, the processing industry and medicine. Garlic is very responsive to the use of fertilizers, which are an integral part of the cultivation of individual crops and are aimed at obtaining high and stable yields with good quality products.Methods. The purpose of the research is to study the productivity of winter garlic, depending on the application of various norms of fertilizers. The studies were conducted in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory. The objects of research were varieties of winter garlic Lyubasha, Leader, Jubileyny Gribovsky, the rate of mineral fertilizers. Potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammophos were used as mineral fertilizers.Results. As a result, it was established that with the use of fertilizers, the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the formation of the yield of garlic increased. The largest vegetative mass of garlic was formed when using the N120P95K50 in the food system; the highest values for plant height and leaf area were obtained, the difference with respect to control, was between 5-18 cm and 9-45 cm2 , respectively. The largest mass of the bulbs was obtained when making garlic N120P95K50 – 51-85 g, which exceeded the control by 15-18 g. Garlic plants grown with the use of N80P95K50 were the least affected with diseases - the degree of development of the diseases was less than with control, by 0.2-1.5%. The use of fertilizers in the cultivation of garlic contributed to an increase in crop yield: the highest indicators were obtained when applying N120P95K50 – 19.4-21.3 t/ha, which was more control, by 0.4-3.2 t/ha. Most of the nutrients in the bulbs accumulated when using N80P95K50: the dry matter content exceeded the control, N80P95K75 and N120P95K50 by 3-10%, sugars – by 0.3-1.4%, essential oils – by 0.02-0.1 mg/100 g, vitamin C – 2-8 mg per 100 g wet weight. The amount of nitrates in garlic bulbs was lower than the MPC by 3-33 mg/kg. 

scholarly journals  Influence of non-woven fleece on the yield formation of early potatoes

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No, 7) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hamouz ◽  
J. Lachman ◽  
P. Dvořák ◽  
E. Trnková
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ground Layer ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Cold Spring ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Early Harvest

In the years 1999&ndash;2003 the effect of covering rows of early potatoes with non-woven fleece on the yield formation, dry matter content in tubers, temperature of soil and of air in ground layer was investigated. Covering of rows enhanced the market yield of tubers at early harvest 60 days after planting in average by 35.8% in comparison with the uncovered control. At harvest 67 days after planting the difference in advantage of the covered variant were 17.2% and 85 days after planting the difference in yield between variants was already non significant. The yield effect of the fleece was affected by year (higher effect in the years with cold spring) and by variety (Impala responded at 60 days after planting by yield increase under fleece 43.7%, Adora 27.9%). Higher dry matter content of tubers by 0.87% was found in covered plants 60 days after planting in comparison with control. Cover enhanced average air temperature in ground layer by 2.0&deg;C, in soil in depth 100 mm by 1.8&deg;C.

Downfall of meadow plants communities on the Left Bank Forest-Steppe Boundary in Ukraine

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
L. D. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The Difference

The research was carried out on the different types of grassland plant communities on the left-bank forest boundary in Ukraine. It was established that the supplies of downfall on the  floodplaine meadows were within 37,3–1973,7 g/m2, upland medows – 21,8–627,3 g/m2, lowland medows – 70,0–1363,0 g/m2. The results of the research made it possible to identify three groups of indicators on the amount of downfalls. The first group consists of the areas with such amount of dawnfall as – 80.0 g/m2, the second one – 80,0–160,0 g/m2, and the third one – more than 160.0 g/m2. The change rate which depends on the part of the floodplain medows was considered. In the riverine area it was defined in the range of 31,8–663,6 g/m2, in the central area – 41,8–1973,7 g/m2, in the pre-terrace area – 37,3–1654,6 g/m2. The difference among minimal parameters is small but among maximum is significant. It is generally accepted that the results of the research are mainly supported by specific differences of floristic composition. The larger number of indicators (within the second group) are in the central parts of the investigated floodplains and rivers. In the central areas in general, there was a higher level of dry matter content. Combined with the increasing amount of downfall, to some extent, it is considered to be an indicator of higher crop level in this area. It was figured out that in some areas the upland meadows have got different number of the investigated indicators. The most important factors for this issue are the lower parts of the area but the minimum are the tops of the slopes. The difference can be quite significant. The comparison between the formation of downfall in the upland grasslands and the steppe area showed a certain regularity. In steppe areas the accumulation of the indicator was nearly one third less than the average one in the investigated meadows. The number of dry matter varied in the range of 31,8–95,7 %. The lower indicators as well as the upper ones differed in general not more than 10,0 %. In general the amount of dry matter content was the highest on the top of the slopes ant the lowest amount was on the bottom. In the overwhelming majority of surveyed lowland there was an increasing level of accumulation in the second and third groups.The comparison of the results about the accumulation of the downfall in the lowland meadows in the studied forest-steppe and steppe regions of Ukraine, which borders on the South, showed that its accumulation in the steppe regions was much less comparatively to the surveyed regions. Dry matter content of the downfall of this grassland areas was in the range of  31,9–94,4 %. We found that the energy storage of downfall meadow plant communities of the region is in the range of 0,4 × 106–37,1 × 106 Dzh/m2. Each type of medows has its own specific characteristics of the index and indicators. Thus, energy storage on the floodplaine was within 0,6 × 106–37,1 × 106 Dzh/m2, upland 0,4 × 106–12,1 × 106 Dzh/m2, lowland meadows – 1,3 × 106–25,7 × 106 Dzh/m2. Indicators of lowland meadows occupy an intermediate position between floodplain and upland areas. The comparison of borderline indicators allows us to see that they vary greatly both upper and lower. Minimal indicators are differe for 0,2 × 106–0,7 × 106 Dzh/m2 and maximum 7,3 × 106–16,1 × 106 Dzh /m2. The reduction of economic activity, in particular, the implementation of conservation as for all investigated meadow plant communities of the region leads to increasing amount of downfall in average. Weather conditions influences greatly the accumulation of the downfall. The analysis of climat map which was presented, shows us more favourable weather conditions during particular years. That is why the maximum storage of downfall was  observed during this period.

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