Forty-six years of genetic improvement in Canadian durum wheat cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Clarke ◽  
F.R. Clarke ◽  
C.J. Pozniak
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Production Area

The first durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] cultivar developed in Canada was Stewart 63, registered in 1963. The objective of this paper is to document genetic progress in Canadian durum cultivars since that time. The genetic potential for grain yield in the main durum production area increased by about 0.7% per year and shows no sign of tapering off. This genetic potential has been captured in commercial farm yields, which increased by 1.5% per year during the same period. Grain protein concentration tended to increase slightly over the same time period because of the requirement for minimum protein concentration for cultivar release in Canada. Based on a study of two unselected doubled haploid populations, it was estimated that genetic gain for grain yield was reduced by 8 to 15% because of the negative correlation of protein concentration with yield. Yellow pigment concentration of semolina increased during the study period, especially after the mid 1990s, when higher pigment became an important breeding target. Gluten strength has also been increased since the mid 1990s. Grain cadmium concentration was reduced by about 50% to satisfy the requirements of certain export markets. Resistance to leaf and stem rust was maintained in all cultivars released since Stewart 63. In the past 10 yr, breeding has exploited genetic variation in resistance to Fusarium head blight to produce cultivars such as Brigade and CDC Verona with intermediate levels of resistance. There appears to be remaining genetic variability for all major traits in lines currently in registration trials.

Transcend Durum wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Concentration Test

Singh, A. K., Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., McCaig, T. N., Fernandez, M. R. and Clarke, F. R. 2012. Transcend durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 809–813. Transcend durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, yellow grain and dough pigment, and low grain cadmium concentration. Transcend has strong straw, slightly more days to maturity, and improved Fusarium head blight resistance compared to Strongfield.

Enterprise durum wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Singh ◽  
J M Clarke ◽  
R M DePauw ◽  
R E Knox ◽  
F R Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Concentration Test

Enterprise durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, yellow grain pigment, and low grain cadmium concentration. Enterprise has slightly weaker straw strength, similar days to maturity, and improved fusarium head blight resistance compared with strongfield. Key words: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn., durum wheat, cultivar description, grain yield, yellow pigment, cadmium

Brigade durum wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Better Than

Brigade durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines yield similar to the checks, very strong gluten, and low grain cadmium concentration. Brigade has better straw strength than Strongfield, slightly later maturity, and Fusarium head blight resistance better than other currently registered Canadian durum cultivars.Key words: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn., durum wheat, cultivar description, yield, protein, disease resistance

AAC Marchwell durum wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
I. Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Production Area ◽  
End Use

Singh, A. K, Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., Wise, I., Thomas, J., McCaig, T. N., Cuthbert, R. D., Clarke, F. R. and Fernandez, M.R. 2015. AAC Marchwell durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 189–195. AAC Marchwell durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of th Canadian prairies. AAC Marchwell is the first durum genotype registered for commercial production in Canada with the Sm1 gene for antibiosis-based resistance to orange wheat blossom midge [Sitodiplosis modellana (Gehin)]. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, yellow pigment, test weight, and low grain cadmium concentration. AAC Marchwell has similar straw strength, plant height, and days to maturity as Strongfield. AAC Marchwell is resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, common bunt, loose smut, and common root rot. AAC Marchwell has end use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.

scholarly journals AAC Stronghold durum wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-567
Author(s):  
Y. Ruan ◽  
A.K. Singh ◽  
R.M. DePauw ◽  
R.E. Knox ◽  
R.D. Cuthbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Solid Stem

AAC Stronghold durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. Averaged over 3 yr, AAC Stronghold yielded significantly more grain than AC Navigator. AAC Stronghold had a protein concentration significantly less than Strongfield but significantly more than Brigade. AAC Stronghold had a plant height significantly shorter than Brigade, Strongfield, and AAC Cabri, with a lodging score significantly less than Strongfield and AAC Cabri. AAC Stronghold has a solid stem, which confers resistance to cutting by the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton). AAC Stronghold had low grain cadmium concentration and stronger gluten than Strongfield. AAC Stronghold is eligible for grades of Canada Western Amber Durum.

Strongfield durum wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Production Area

Strongfield durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) is adapted to the durum production area of the southern Canadian prairies. It combines high yield, high grain protein concentration, and low grain cadmium concentration. Strongfield has shorter, stronger straw than Kyle, and has similar maturity and disease resistance to other currently registered durum cultivars. Key words: Triticum turgidum L. var durum, durum wheat, cultivar description, yield, protein, disease resistance

AAC Raymore durum wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1289-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. Depauw ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Concentration Test ◽  
Solid Stem ◽  
End Use

Singh, A. K., Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., McCaig, T. N., Cuthbert, R. D., Clarke, F. R. and Fernandez, M. R. 2014. AAC Raymore durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1289–1296. AAC Raymore durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. AAC Raymore is the first solid stem durum genotype registered for production in Canada for protection against wheat stem sawfly, and combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, and low grain cadmium concentration. AAC Raymore has similar straw strength, plant height, and days to maturity as Strongfield. AAC Raymore is resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, common bunt, is moderately susceptible to loose smut, and has improved resistance to common root rot compared with the check cultivars. AAC Raymore has end use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.

Eurostar durum wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Production Area

Eurostar durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, high grain protein concentration, very strong gluten, and low grain cadmium concentration. Eurostar has similar straw strength to Strongfield, and slightly later maturity and similar disease resistance to other currently registered durum cultivars. Key words: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn., durum wheat, cultivar description, yield, protein, disease resistance

Concentration of cadmium and other elements in the grain of near-isogenic durum lines

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
W. A. Norvell ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
W. T. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Grain Cadmium

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) shows genetic variation for concentration of the heavy metal cadmium in the grain. This variation is being exploited to develop cultivars with low cadmium concentration, but there is no information on the effect of incorporation of the trait on uptake of other elements or on economic traits such as yield. Five pairs of near-isogenic high/low cadmium durum wheat lines and their parents were grown in a randomized complete block trial with three replications. Trials were grown at Swift Current, Saskatchewan in 1994, at Swift Current, Stewart Valley and Regina, Saskatchewan in 1995 and 1996, at Langdon and Fargo, North Dakota in 1995, and at Casselton and Langdon, North Dakota in 1996. Grain yield, test weight, kernel weight and protein concentration were determined. Grain cadmium, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel and zinc were measured by atomic absorption or inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. The low cadmium trait had no significant effect on average yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, or kernel weight as indicated by comparison of the high and low cadmium isolines. Average grain cadmium concentration differed among years within locations, among locations within years, and among genotypes. The average grain cadmium concentration of the high cadmium isolines was approximately double that of the low cadmium isolines. There were significant genotypic differences in grain concentration of the other elements, but the differences were not associated with the high and low cadmium isogenic lines. The low cadmium allele seems to be specific for cadmium, lowering cadmium without altering concentrations of other elements or affecting economic traits. Key words: Triticum turgidum L. var durum; grain cadmium concentration; grain yield

AAC Succeed Durum Wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefeng Ruan ◽  
Asheesh K. Singh ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
Ron Knox ◽  
Richard Cuthbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Pigment Concentration ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Wheat Blossom Midge ◽  
Grain Cadmium

AAC Succeed durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. AAC Succeed carries the Sm1 gene which confers antibiosis-based resistance to orange wheat blossom midge [Sitodiplosis modellana (Gehin)]. Averaged over three years, AAC Succeed yielded significantly more grain than Strongfield (7%) and AC Navigator (21%). AAC Succeed had a protein concentration significantly higher than Brigade and AC Navigator and similar to Strongfield. AAC Succeed had significantly stronger straw as measured by lodging score than Strongfield and similar to Brigade. AAC Succeed is eligible for grades of Canada Western Amber Durum, has low grain cadmium concentration, and it has higher yellow pigment concentration than the check cultivars.

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