Chicken hepatomegaly and splenomegaly associated with novel subgroup J avian leukosis virus infection

Background Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) is an oncovirus which can induce multiple types of tumors in chicken. In this report, we found novel ALV-J infection is closely associated with serious hepatomegaly and splenomegaly in chicken. Case presentation The layer chickens from six flocks in Jiangsu province, China, showed serious hemoperitoneum, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Histopathological results indicated focal lymphocytic infiltration, cell edema and congestion in the liver, atrophy and depletion of lymphocyte in the spleen. Tumor cells were not detected in all the organs. avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV), which is thought to be the cause of a very similar disease, big liver and spleen disease (BLS), was not detected. Other viruses causing tumors or liver damage including Marek’s disease virus (MDV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), fowl adenovirus (FAdV) and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) were also proved negative by either PCR or RT-PCR. However, we did detect ALV-J in those chickens using PCR. Only novel ALV-J strains were efficiently isolated from these chicken livers. Conclusions This is the first report that chicken hepatomegaly and splenomegaly disease was closely associated with novel ALV-J, highlighting the importance of ALV-J eradication program in China.

Clinical Improvement in Patients with Morbus Hansen Borderline Tuberculoid Lesions with 3-Month Multibacillary Regimen Therapy

Background/Aim: Morbus Hansen (MH) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease has an average incubation period of 3-5 years. Morbus Hansen (MH) has various clinical, microbiological and histopathological features. In the following, a new case of MH is reported with a clinical manifestation of Borderline Tuberculoid (BT) type MH. The patient was treated with the MDT MB regimen for 3 months and had clinical improvement. Case Report: A 23-year-old boy with complaints of sudden feeling of heat, tingling and cramping from the tip of his right foot to the sole of his right foot. He also complaining about black lesions on both hands, right elbow, face, chest and back. The diagnosis of gout, fungus and dermatitis can be ruled out after microscopic examination of AFB on the right, left ear lobe, and foot lesions showed negative results and histopathological examination results showed Morbus Hansen type BT. The risk factor for contracting Morbus Hansen is the patient has lived in a dormitory for 2.5 years and it is known that there are people who suffer from a similar disease in that environment. The patient was treated using a multibacillary regimen for 3 months and the lesions improved and the numbness decreased. Treatment plan during the case for 12-18 months. This case is unique due to the clinical manifestation has not significant characteristic for MH, AFB is not found from ear lobe smear. MH established after skin biopsy done. Conclusion: It was reported that one MH case with TB for 3 months had clinical improvement, with plans to continue treatment for 12-18 months. Keywords: Borderline Tuberculoid; Morbus Hansen, Multibacillary.

Similar severity of influenza primary and re-infections in pre-school children requiring outpatient treatment due to febrile acute respiratory illness: prospective, multicentre surveillance study (2013–2015)

Background Influenza virus infections in immunologically naïve children (primary infection) may be more severe than in children with re-infections who are already immunologically primed. We compared frequency and severity of influenza virus primary and re-infections in pre-school children requiring outpatient treatment. Methods Influenza-unvaccinated children 1–5 years of age presenting at pediatric practices with febrile acute respiratory infection < 48 h after symptom onset were enrolled in a prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter surveillance study (2013–2015). Influenza types/subtypes were PCR-confirmed from oropharyngeal swabs. Influenza type/subtype-specific IgG antibodies serving as surrogate markers for immunological priming were determined using ELISA/hemagglutination inhibition assays. The acute influenza disease was defined as primary infection/re-infection by the absence/presence of influenza type-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and, in a second approach, by the absence/presence of subtype-specific IgG. Socio-demographic and clinical data were also recorded. Results Of 217 influenza infections, 178 were due to influenza A (87 [49%] primary infections, 91 [51%] re-infections) and 39 were due to influenza B (38 [97%] primary infections, one [3%] re-infection). Children with “influenza A primary infections” showed fever with respiratory symptoms for a shorter period than children with “influenza A re-infections” (median 3 vs. 4 days; age-adjusted p = 0.03); other disease characteristics were similar. If primary infections and re-infections were defined based on influenza A subtypes, 122 (87%) primary infections (78 “A(H3N2) primary infections”, 44 “A(H1N1)pdm09 primary infections”) and 18 (13%) re-infections could be classified (14 “A(H3N2) re-infections” and 4 “A(H1N1)pdm09 re-infections”). Per subtype, primary infections and re-infections were of similar disease severity. Children with re-infections defined on the subtype level usually had non-protective IgG titers against the subtype of their acute infection (16 of 18; 89%). Some patients infected by one of the influenza A subtypes showed protective IgG titers (≥ 1:40) against the other influenza A subtype (32/140; 23%). Conclusions Pre-school children with acute influenza A primary infections and re-infections presented with similar frequency in pediatric practices. Contrary to expectation, severity of acute “influenza A primary infections” and “influenza A re-infections” were similar. Most “influenza A re-infections” defined on the type level turned out to be primary infections when defined based on the subtype. On the subtype level, re-infections were rare and of similar disease severity as primary infections of the same subtype. Subtype level re-infections were usually associated with low IgG levels for the specific subtype of the acute infection, suggesting only short-time humoral immunity induced by previous infection by this subtype. Overall, the results indicated recurring influenza virus infections in this age group and no or only limited heterosubtypic antibody-mediated cross-protection.

Protecting Superfood Olive Crop from Pests and Pathogen Using Image Processing Techniques: A Review

Background: Olive (Oleo europaea L.) cultivars are widely cultivated all over the world. But it is often attacked by pests and pathogens. This deteriorates the quality of the crop leading to less yield of olive oil. Image processing techniques can be used to classify the different pathogens causing similar disease symptoms on olive leaves Objective: With the rapid increase in the availability of data in the field of nutrigenomics, the olive has established itself as a superfood and a potential source of therapeutics. The objective of this review is to emphasize the early detection and classification of the disease using image processing techniques Method: A systematic literature search using keywords, Olive oil, pest and pathogen of olives, metabolic profiling were done on PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Results: Disease infection often led to huge losses and poor quality of olive oil yield. Early understanding of disease infestations can safeguard the olive plant and the olive oil yield Results: Disease infection often led to huge losses and poor quality of olive oil yield. Early understanding of disease infestations can safeguard the olive plant and the olive oil yield

Additional resource for diabetes diagnostics in animals and humans

Veterinary doctors often observe cases of unexplained elevated glucose and ketones in urine of domestic animals without any other signs of diabetes. We studies these effects from the standpoint of the phenomenon of interdependent conditions in animals and humans, described by T.V.Novosadyuk in 2000. She was the first to provide a theoretical and practical foundation for clinical cases of simultaneously developing similar diseases in domestic animals and their owners. During the last 5 years we studied health of humans in families where domestic animals are affected by the laboratory abnormalities described above. In vast majority of cases it has been found out that animal owners have diabetes mellitus of variable severity. At the same time there were no disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in animal owners in 11 cases. We recommended members of these families to undergo a specialized examination. In all of these cases latent diabetes mellitus was found in humans who had especially close relationships with animals. These findings led to initiation of treatment in humans. At the same time animals were treated with a collar with a linen sack attached containing Peganum Harmala 30 globules. Repeated laboratory tests were performed after one month of such treatment. Normalization of laboratory variables was observed in all of the cases. Based on the study results we developed an algorhythm of activities that helps to diagnose early and latent forms of diabetes mellitus in domestic animals and their owners. This algorhythm includes: - test for glucose and/or ketones in animal urine after correction of feeding and care defects. - blood and urine glucose tests in family members of animal owners. In cases of deviations from normal values we recommended them to consult appropriate specialists and begin treatment immediately. - animals are given collars with Peganum Harmala 30 globules in a linen sack attached. - granules are removed when laboratory values normalize in animals. Control urinalysis is performed every three months durign a year. This approach is especially useful in latent early forms of diabetes mellitus when abnormal findings in animals or their owners enable us to suspect a similar disease in another. In such a way, the suggested algorithm is effective for organization of preclinical diagnostics in both domestic animals and their owners. In the future it is possible to enrich not only veterinary but also medical practice with new options for effective patient aid by practical development of the use of animal and human interdependent conditions.

Genetic Interaction between Mfrp and Adipor1 Mutations Affect Retinal Disease Phenotypes

Adipor1tm1Dgen and Mfrprd6 mutant mice share similar eye disease characteristics. Previously, studies established a functional relationship of ADIPOR1 and MFRP proteins in maintaining retinal lipidome homeostasis and visual function. However, the independent and/or interactive contribution of both the genes to similar disease phenotypes, including fundus spots, decreased axial length and photoreceptor degeneration has yet to be examined. We performed a gene-interaction study where homozygous Adipor1tm1Dgen and Mfrprd6 mice were bred together and the resulting doubly heterozygous F1 offspring were intercrossed to produce 210 F2 progeny. Four-month-old mice from all nine genotypic combinations obtained in the F2 generation were assessed for white spots by fundus photo documentation, for axial length by caliper measurements, and for photoreceptor degeneration by histology. Two-way factorial ANOVA was performed to study individual as well as gene interaction effects on each phenotype. Here, we report the first observation of reduced axial length in Adipor1tmlDgen homozygotes. We show that while Adipor1 and Mfrp interact to affect spotting and degeneration, they act independently to control axial length, highlighting the complex functional association between these two genes. Further examination of the molecular basis of this interaction may help in uncovering mechanisms by which these genes perturb ocular homeostasis.

Generational Multimorbidity Disease Clusters for British Cohorts Born 1921 – 1960

The aim of this study is the first step in our understanding of the uniqueness and stability of multmorbdity disease patterns for different generations. The unique historical context that each generation has been exposed to is thought to have systemic health impacts and differences in epidemiological make-up (Clouston et al. 2021). Literature suggests that multimorbidity disease patterns, are similar across countries (Hernandez et al, 2021 – in press) and observational points, and that migration into complex disease clusters is more common as people age (Cassell et al, 2018, Kingston et al. 2018). Most commonly reported are Cardiovascular and Metabolic disease clusters which lead to lower quality of life, mortality and morbidity (Kudesia, 2021). We asked: Do multimorbidity disease patterns differ for unique generations? Using the ELSA, the disease clusters of three cohorts were examined; an older cohort, born 1921-1930, a middle cohort born 1931-1940 a younger cohort born 1941-1950 and the ”newest” cohort, born 1951-1960. Self-reported dementia and memory problems lead a specific cluster for the middle cohort, those born in 1931-1940, but not for the other cohorts. While disease patterns were different between sex for other clusters, the disease cluster of dementia and memory problems held similar disease patterns for males and females, with a prevalence of 3%. The dementia/memory problem cluster loaded with cardio/metabolic diseases. This suggests that complex multimorbidity for the British 1931-1940 cohort has had an impact related to dementia and memory problem diagnoses for this specific generation, for males and females alike.

Better outcomes of COVID-19 in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated patients with systemic rheumatic diseases

ObjectiveΤo report outcomes of breakthrough COVID-19 in comparison with COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients with systemic rheumatic diseases (SRDs).MethodsPatients with SRD with COVID-19 (vaccinated and unvaccinated) were included by their rheumatologists in a registry operated by the Greek Rheumatology Society in a voluntarily basis. Type, date and doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were recorded, and demographics, type of SRD, concurrent treatment, comorbidities and COVID-19 outcomes (hospitalisation, need for oxygen supplementation and death) were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients.ResultsBetween 1 March 2020 and 31 August 2021, 195 patients with SRD with COVID-19 were included; 147 unvaccinated and 48 vaccinated with at least one dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Pfizer n=38 or AstraZeneca n=10). Among vaccinated patients, 29 developed breakthrough COVID-19 >14 days after the second vaccine dose (fully vaccinated), while 19 between the first and <14 days after the second vaccine dose (partially vaccinated). Despite no differences in demographics, SRD type, treatment or comorbidities between unvaccinated and vaccinated patients, hospitalisation and mortality rates were higher in unvaccinated (29.3% and 4.1%, respectively) compared with partially vaccinated (21% and 0%) or fully vaccinated (10.3% and 0%) patients.ConclusionsVaccinated patients with SRD with breakthrough COVID-19 have better outcomes compared with unvaccinated counterparts with similar disease/treatment characteristics.

On the issue of self-healing of chorio-epithelioma

Since Snger in 1889 drew attention to his 'shaped tumor-chorio-epithelioma, [characterized by extreme malignancy and some of its inherent features, the question of this disease has become the subject of numerous reports and heated debates. However, to this day, the genesis of this disease remains unclear. It is only known that chorio-epithelioma develops in women mainly at the childbearing age and is closely dependent on pregnancy, in particular on pregnancy with a rapid drift. "Without pregnancy," says Veit, "there is no chorio-epithelioma." However, cases of this tumor have been described that are unrelated to pregnancy and even to the female genital sphere. So Volkmann, Di1man, Vlasov, Sch1agenhaufeg, Vasiliev observed chorio-epithelioma in men. Most authors consider such formations to have a teratoid-embryoid character. Many authors have described a similar disease, referring it to sarcomas (Gottschalk), then to carcinomas, even before the start, to the end, and to the end. At the same time, all the attention of researchers was paid to the pathological and anatomical side of this disease. The whole mass of names assigned to this tumor belongs to this time: deciduoma malignum, placentoma, deciduo-sarcoma.