Concentration of cadmium and other elements in the grain of near-isogenic durum lines

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
W. A. Norvell ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
W. T. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Grain Cadmium

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) shows genetic variation for concentration of the heavy metal cadmium in the grain. This variation is being exploited to develop cultivars with low cadmium concentration, but there is no information on the effect of incorporation of the trait on uptake of other elements or on economic traits such as yield. Five pairs of near-isogenic high/low cadmium durum wheat lines and their parents were grown in a randomized complete block trial with three replications. Trials were grown at Swift Current, Saskatchewan in 1994, at Swift Current, Stewart Valley and Regina, Saskatchewan in 1995 and 1996, at Langdon and Fargo, North Dakota in 1995, and at Casselton and Langdon, North Dakota in 1996. Grain yield, test weight, kernel weight and protein concentration were determined. Grain cadmium, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel and zinc were measured by atomic absorption or inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. The low cadmium trait had no significant effect on average yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, or kernel weight as indicated by comparison of the high and low cadmium isolines. Average grain cadmium concentration differed among years within locations, among locations within years, and among genotypes. The average grain cadmium concentration of the high cadmium isolines was approximately double that of the low cadmium isolines. There were significant genotypic differences in grain concentration of the other elements, but the differences were not associated with the high and low cadmium isogenic lines. The low cadmium allele seems to be specific for cadmium, lowering cadmium without altering concentrations of other elements or affecting economic traits. Key words: Triticum turgidum L. var durum; grain cadmium concentration; grain yield

Forty-six years of genetic improvement in Canadian durum wheat cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Clarke ◽  
F.R. Clarke ◽  
C.J. Pozniak
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Production Area

The first durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] cultivar developed in Canada was Stewart 63, registered in 1963. The objective of this paper is to document genetic progress in Canadian durum cultivars since that time. The genetic potential for grain yield in the main durum production area increased by about 0.7% per year and shows no sign of tapering off. This genetic potential has been captured in commercial farm yields, which increased by 1.5% per year during the same period. Grain protein concentration tended to increase slightly over the same time period because of the requirement for minimum protein concentration for cultivar release in Canada. Based on a study of two unselected doubled haploid populations, it was estimated that genetic gain for grain yield was reduced by 8 to 15% because of the negative correlation of protein concentration with yield. Yellow pigment concentration of semolina increased during the study period, especially after the mid 1990s, when higher pigment became an important breeding target. Gluten strength has also been increased since the mid 1990s. Grain cadmium concentration was reduced by about 50% to satisfy the requirements of certain export markets. Resistance to leaf and stem rust was maintained in all cultivars released since Stewart 63. In the past 10 yr, breeding has exploited genetic variation in resistance to Fusarium head blight to produce cultivars such as Brigade and CDC Verona with intermediate levels of resistance. There appears to be remaining genetic variability for all major traits in lines currently in registration trials.

AAC Succeed Durum Wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefeng Ruan ◽  
Asheesh K. Singh ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
Ron Knox ◽  
Richard Cuthbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Pigment Concentration ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Wheat Blossom Midge ◽  
Grain Cadmium

AAC Succeed durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. AAC Succeed carries the Sm1 gene which confers antibiosis-based resistance to orange wheat blossom midge [Sitodiplosis modellana (Gehin)]. Averaged over three years, AAC Succeed yielded significantly more grain than Strongfield (7%) and AC Navigator (21%). AAC Succeed had a protein concentration significantly higher than Brigade and AC Navigator and similar to Strongfield. AAC Succeed had significantly stronger straw as measured by lodging score than Strongfield and similar to Brigade. AAC Succeed is eligible for grades of Canada Western Amber Durum, has low grain cadmium concentration, and it has higher yellow pigment concentration than the check cultivars.

Transcend Durum wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Concentration Test

Singh, A. K., Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., McCaig, T. N., Fernandez, M. R. and Clarke, F. R. 2012. Transcend durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 809–813. Transcend durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, yellow grain and dough pigment, and low grain cadmium concentration. Transcend has strong straw, slightly more days to maturity, and improved Fusarium head blight resistance compared to Strongfield.

Effect of leaf spotting diseases on grain yield and seed traits of wheat in southern Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Weight Test

Although leaf spotting diseases have been reported to have a negative effect on grain yield and seed characteristics of wheat (Triticum spp.), the magnitude of such effects on wheat grown on dryland in southern Saskatchewan is not known. A fungicide experiment was conducted at Swift Current (Brown soil) and Indian Head (Black soil) from 1997 to 1999 to determine the effect of leaf spotting diseases on yield and seed traits of wheat. Two fungicides, Folicur 3.6F and Bravo 500, were applied at different growth stages on three common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and three durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) genotypes. Fungicide treatments generally did not affect yield, kernel weight, test weight or grain protein concentration, and these effects were relatively consistent among genotypes. Folicur applied at head emergence in 1997 and at flag leaf emergence and/or head emergence in 1998 increased yield at Indian Head (P < 0.05). Fungicides applied at and before flag leaf emergence tended to increase kernel weight. Grain protein concentration increased only in treatments of Bravo applications at Indian Head in 1998. These results suggested that under the dryland environment and management in southern Saskatchewan leaf spotting diseases generally have a small effect on yield, kernel weight, test weight and protein concentration. Key words: Wheat, leaf spotting diseases, fungicide, yield

AAC Marchwell durum wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
I. Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Production Area ◽  
End Use

Singh, A. K, Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., Wise, I., Thomas, J., McCaig, T. N., Cuthbert, R. D., Clarke, F. R. and Fernandez, M.R. 2015. AAC Marchwell durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 189–195. AAC Marchwell durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of th Canadian prairies. AAC Marchwell is the first durum genotype registered for commercial production in Canada with the Sm1 gene for antibiosis-based resistance to orange wheat blossom midge [Sitodiplosis modellana (Gehin)]. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, yellow pigment, test weight, and low grain cadmium concentration. AAC Marchwell has similar straw strength, plant height, and days to maturity as Strongfield. AAC Marchwell is resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, common bunt, loose smut, and common root rot. AAC Marchwell has end use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.

Enterprise durum wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Singh ◽  
J M Clarke ◽  
R M DePauw ◽  
R E Knox ◽  
F R Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Concentration Test

Enterprise durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, yellow grain pigment, and low grain cadmium concentration. Enterprise has slightly weaker straw strength, similar days to maturity, and improved fusarium head blight resistance compared with strongfield. Key words: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn., durum wheat, cultivar description, grain yield, yellow pigment, cadmium

scholarly journals Analysis of Some Agronomic Traits of Durum Wheat Under Dryland and Supplemental Irrigation Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Gohar Afrooz ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia ◽  
Rahmatollah Karimizadeh ◽  
Fariborz Shekari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Peduncle Length

Abstract Knowledge about the extent of variability and the association among traits are of a high value for any breeding efforts. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the agro-morphological traits in a set of durum wheat genotypes under supplemental irrigation and dry land conditions. Results showed that principal component (PC) analysis had grouped the measured traits into four main components that altogether accounted for 77% of the total variation under non-stressed condition and 87% under water-stressed condition. With regard to the first four PCs, peduncle length, agronomic score, grain yield, vigority, test weight, days to physiological maturity and thousand kernel weight have shown to be the most important variables affecting the performance of durum wheat under non-stressed condition. In the first four PCs at the water- stressed condition, agronomic score, grain yield, vigority, days to physiological maturity, test weight and peduncle length have been shown to be the important variables under water-stressed condition. The results of factor analysis relatively confirmed the results of PC analysis. Our findings indicated that a selection strategy should take into consideration of agronomic score and days to physiological maturity under non-stressed condition while plant height and spike length under water-stressed condition. Therefore, the above-mentioned traits could be used as indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of grain yield in durum wheat, especially in early generations of breeding programmes

Protein concentration inheritance and selection in durum wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
F R Clarke ◽  
J M Clarke ◽  
C J Pozniak ◽  
R E Knox ◽  
T N McCaig
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Additional Protein ◽  
Marginal Improvement

Grain protein concentration is important in the determination of the value of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) for pasta manufacture. This study was undertaken to investigate the heritability and inheritance of protein concentration in seven genetically diverse durum populations, and to determine if the precision of this information could be improved by adjustment for micro-environmental trends. Grain protein and grain yield were measured at multiple locations and years. The Papadakis method was used to adjust for environmental trends in these replicated trials, and the moving mean was used for confimation in a sample of 19 un-replicated breeding trials. Environmental trends were substantial, and trend adjustment improved both correlations among locations and precision. Consequently, trend adjustment may be useful for genetic studies to improve trial precision, but would be of questionable merit in early-generation breeding trials due to the cost of additional protein measurements and marginal improvement in selection response. Grain yield was negatively correlated with grain protein concentration in all trials. Protein concentration was moderately heritable and complexly inherited in these populations, with the number of estimated effective factors ranging from 5 to 17 for the majority of trials. The complexity of inheritance and interactions of protein with yield and environment makes early-generation selection for protein difficult.Key words: Grain protein concentration, heritability, inheritance, semi-dwarf

Awnedness affects grain yield and kernel weight in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Francesco Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Severe Drought

The importance of awns in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) has to be evaluated whenever an increase in grain yield is expected due to a greater photosynthetic capacity of the awned ear. Awned and awnless isolines of durum wheat were compared in a 3-year field trial in Sardinia (Italy). Ear and flag-leaf size, radiation interception, canopy temperature, yield, and yield components were measured.Awns increased the ear surface area from 36 to 59%, depending on their length, which ranged from 5.5 to 13.8 cm. This resulted in an average 4% more radiation intercepted by the awned ears. Canopy temperature was 0.9�C lower, on average, in the awned isolines, and was negatively correlated with kernel weight (r = –0.85**, n = 10), although consistent and marked effects of awns on canopy temperature were only observed in the long-awned lines. Awns positively affected grain yield, with an average increase of 10 and 16%, respectively, in the 2 years in which they affected kernel weight. The irrelevant effect of awns on yield in the year characterised by a severe drought was a consequence of their early desiccation.The effects of awns on grain yield and kernel weight strongly depend on the genetic background, on awn length and functionality, and on the environmental conditions during grain filling.

scholarly journals AAC Stronghold durum wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-567
Author(s):  
Y. Ruan ◽  
A.K. Singh ◽  
R.M. DePauw ◽  
R.E. Knox ◽  
R.D. Cuthbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Cephus Cinctus ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Solid Stem

AAC Stronghold durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. Averaged over 3 yr, AAC Stronghold yielded significantly more grain than AC Navigator. AAC Stronghold had a protein concentration significantly less than Strongfield but significantly more than Brigade. AAC Stronghold had a plant height significantly shorter than Brigade, Strongfield, and AAC Cabri, with a lodging score significantly less than Strongfield and AAC Cabri. AAC Stronghold has a solid stem, which confers resistance to cutting by the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton). AAC Stronghold had low grain cadmium concentration and stronger gluten than Strongfield. AAC Stronghold is eligible for grades of Canada Western Amber Durum.

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