Analyses of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines and hybrids in response to early-season planting and cool conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohankumar H. Kapanigowda ◽  
Ramasamy Perumal ◽  
Robert M. Aiken ◽  
Thomas J. Herald ◽  
Scott R. Bean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Cool Conditions

Kapanigowda, M., H., Perumal, R., Aiken, R. M., Herald, T. J., Bean, S. R. and Little, C. R. 2013. Analyses of sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines and hybrids in response to early-season planting and cool conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 773–784. Early-season cold tolerance in sorghum contributes to emergence, seedling establishment, and early vegetative growth, and reduces damping-off diseases under chilling conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify cold-tolerant sources and to evaluate and optimize rapid screening techniques under a controlled environment. Field studies involving 48 genotypes, representing phases of the hybrid development process (landraces, elite and advanced breeding lines, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and hybrids were conducted with early and normal planting dates in 2011 at Hays and Colby, Kansas. Studies under controlled environments were conducted at both locations using 18 genotypes that differ for emergence index (EI) and 30 d after emergence (DAE) shoot biomass based on field studies during 2011. Significant differences among the genotypes were recorded for all seedling traits (emergence percentage, EI, shoot biomass, plant height, and leaf number measured 30 DAE), and agronomic traits (days to 50% flowering, panicle exsertion, panicle length, and plant height at maturity). Eight advanced breeding lines: ARCH10731, ARCH10732, ARCH10736, ARCH10737, ARCH10738, ARCH10739, ARCH10744 and ARCH10749 and one RIL (RTx430/SQR-2) were found to be potential sources of cold tolerance with early EI, higher biomass and relatively early flowering. These genotypes are free from tannin, which helps to increase the feed grain efficiency of livestock, and hence were selected for test hybrid evaluation to assess fertility status, combining ability and yield performance. Significant correlation was observed between EI and biomass during early planting, which indicated that late-emerging genotypes produced greater biomass (30 DAE) compared with early-emerged genotypes. Significant correlation between growth chamber and field study for EI offers a potential and fast preliminary high-throughput screening technique for identification of cold-tolerant sorghum.

scholarly journals Seed-to-seed early-season cold resiliency in sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Emendack ◽  
Jacobo Sanchez ◽  
Chad Hayes ◽  
Matthew Nesbitt ◽  
Haydee Laza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Ethiopian Highland ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Seedling Cold Tolerance

AbstractEarly planted sorghum usually experiences cooler day/night temperatures, which may result in delayed growth, floral initiation, and infertile pollen, limiting productivity in high altitudes and temperate regions. Genetic variability for cold tolerance in sorghum has been evaluated by characterizing germination, emergence, vigor, and seedling growth under sub-optimal temperatures. However, the compounded effect of early season cold on plant growth and development and subsequent variability in potential grain yield losses has not been evaluated. Agro-morphological and physiological responses of sorghum grown under early-, mid-, and standard planting dates in West Texas were characterized from seed-to-seed. A set of diverse lines and hybrids with two major sources of tolerance, and previously selected for seedling cold tolerance were used. These were evaluated with a standard commercial hybrid known for its seedling cold tolerance and some cold susceptible breeding lines as checks. Variabilities in assessed parameters at seedling, early vegetative, and maturity stages were observed across planting dates for genotypes and sources of cold tolerance. Panicle initiation was delayed, and panicle size reduced, resulting in decreased grain yields under early and mid-planting dates. Coupled with final germination percent, panicle width and area were significant unique predictors of yield under early and mid-planting dates. Significant variability in performance was observed not only between cold tolerant and susceptible checks, but noticeably between sources of cold tolerance, with the Ethiopian highland sources having lesser yield penalties than their Chinese counterparts. Thus, screening for cold tolerance should not be limited to early seedling characterization but should also consider agronomic traits that may affect yield penalties depending on the sources of tolerance.

Genetic dissection of early-season cold tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Burow ◽  
John J. Burke ◽  
Zhanguo Xin ◽  
Cleve D. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

scholarly journals Cane Yield and Juice Volume Determine Ethanol Yield in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justice K. Rono ◽  
Erick K. Cheruiyot ◽  
Jacktone O. Othira ◽  
Virginia W. Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) contains fermentable sugars in the stem that can be converted to ethanol. The current study aimed at evaluating the performance of three sweet sorghum genotypes with five checks and contributes towards availing suitable sweet sorghum for industrial ethanol production. Field studies were carried out in Kenya at varied locations in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Sorghum was harvested at hard dough stage of grain development and evaluated for several stem juice production traits including plant height, cane yield, juice volume, degrees Brix, total, reducing, and non-reducing sugars, and ethanol yield via juice fermentation. Analyses of variance using SAS version 9.1 showed a significant effect of genotype for morphological characters and ethanol yield. Genotype EUSS10 produced the greatest cane (27.4 T/ha) and juice yield (7806.7 L/ha) whereas ACFC003/12 recorded the greatest ethanol yield (423.1 L/ha). At all sites, EUSS10 had the greatest plant height and days to 50% heading whereas SS04 had the greatest Brix and total sugar concentration. The greatest grain yield and non-reducing sugar concentration was produced by SS17 and SS21, respectively. Results of this study show that though Brix and total sugars are desirable for ethanol yield, cane yield, and juice volume of sweet sorghum determines the ultimate volume of ethanol produced.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Response of Sorghum to Tillage Systems and Nitrogen Fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marwan Ramadhan ◽  
Sadiq Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

In the subtropical semi-arid zones, sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) productivity is limited by numerous constraints. Relatively few studies have been conducted to measure the response of grain sorghum varieties to tillage and nitrogen. For sustainable crop production, selected tillage practice and fertilizer application are important. Field experiments were conducted at Al Qurna (QL), 74 km northwest Basrah province and Shatt al-Arab (SHL) and 17 km east Basrah province. A randomized complete block design, arranged in a split-split plot, was used with three replications. The tillage system was no tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT), while sorghum varieties were Inqadh, Rabih, and Cavire 2, and four levels of N fertilizer, viz., 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1. The objective of research was to evaluate two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties to tillage system and nitrogen (N) fertilizer. The application of tillage was shown to enhance the growth of sorghum as observed in the plant height, leaf area, number of grains panicle−1, 1000-grain weight, yield, biomass yield, and root dry matter. CT surpassed the other treatments for all studied traits. The highest value of plant height, number of grains panicle−1, grain yield, biomass yield, and root dry matter in the QL and SHL locations, respectively, were produced by Cavire 2. The plots fertilized with 120 kg N ha−1 maximize the values of plant height (132.33 cm in the SHL location), leaf area (3040.53 and 2751.47 cm2 in the QL and SHL location respectively), number of grains panicle−1 (1431.37 in the SHL location), 1000-grain weight (31.77 g in the QL location), biomass yield (15752.00 kg ha−1 in the SHL location), and root dry matter (22.42 and 20.75 g root cm−3 in the QL and SHL locations, respectively). Cavire 2 variety under CT with 80 kg N ha−1 in the QL location was the best (observed as the most promising) in terms of grain yield. Whereas Cavire 2 under CT showed best performance with 120 kg N ha−1 in the QL location in terms of biomass yield character.

scholarly journals Field Technique and Traits to Assess Reproductive Stage Cold Tolerance in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmanan Krishnamurthy ◽  
Elango Dinakaran ◽  
Are Ashok Kumar ◽  
Belum Venkata Subba Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Field Technique ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Sorghum Forage (Sorghum Bicolor ( L.) Moench Cv.) under Three Cuttings System

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Afzal ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
Au.H. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Abstract A field experiment was conducted on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv.) under three cutting system to determine the effect of nitrogen on growth and yield at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, during the season 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), using three replications. There were four levels of nitrogen 0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/acre in the form of urea. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area is determined periodically. First reading taken after 20 days of sowing while second and third was taken after 15 days of first cutting. Yield parameter like plant population, fresh and dry weight was determined in three cuttings. Results showed that increasing nitrogen dose increased all growth attributes. Results revealed for first, second and third cuttings showed significant differences at all growth attributes. Thus, the maximum plant height was observed in N4 (100 kg N/acre), having plant height 193.92, 195.24 and 192.79 cm in first, second and third cutting, respectively, which was followed by the treatment N3 (75 kg N/acre), having 179.70 cm in first cutting, while second and third cutting have same plant height 168.62 cm. The exception was the plant population showed non significant behavior in second and third cutting while number of leaves per plant in second cutting only and protein % in third cutting showed non significant difference with nitrogen application.

scholarly journals The relationship between plant height and sugar accumulation in the stems of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

2017 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanyukta Shukla ◽  
Terry J. Felderhoff ◽  
Ana Saballos ◽  
Wilfred Vermerris
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Identification of Cold-Tolerant Breeding Lines by Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Cold Tolerance in Rice

Crop Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Jena ◽  
S. M. Kim ◽  
J.P. Suh ◽  
C. I. Yang ◽  
Y.G. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Cold Tolerant

scholarly journals Effect of the fortilizer nitrophoska on sorghum Sorghum bicolor L. parasitized by witchweed (Striga Hermonthica Del Benth)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faqiri Awad
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Effect of the fortilizer nitrophoska on sorghum Sorghum bicolor L. parasitized by witchweed (Striga Hermonthica Del Benth) Nitrophoska (NPK), a compound fertilizer, showed significant effects in stimulating yield components of Sorghum bicolor L. cultivar Tabat and in depressing the parasitism of Striga hermonthica Del. Benth. Over all treatments nitrophoska at N3 (54 kg N/F) gave 160, 105,121 and 120% increases in yield components over the control for head weight, plant height, 1000 grain weight and straw yield/ m2 of sorghum. Nitrophoska scored 83% and 80% decrease in striga dry shoot weight / m2 and striga density / m2, respectively less than the control at N1 (18 kg N/F). To maximize the yield components of sorghum, higher levels of nitrophoska (N2. N3) were recommended to be used; while lower levels of nitrophoska (N1) were recommended to combat the menace of striga in fields of sorghum

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