FURTHER EXPERIMENTS ON CONTROL OF THE ONION MAGGOT, HYLEMYA ANTIQUA (MG.), IN THE INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
High Yields

Experiments at two localities in the interior of British Columbia in 1952 and 1953 showed that a seed treatment of dieldrin at 0.5 oz. per pound of seed gave as good control of the onion maggot as any other treatment, was not phytotoxic, and gave the highest yield of marketable onions each year. Lindane, 25 per cent wettable powder, applied three times at 10-day intervals to the soil surface at 1 lb. of toxicant per acre per application gave consistently good control and high yields, but was more expensive in both labour and materials. Calomel at 1 lb. per pound of seed gave satisfactory control in a light infestation but cost twenty times as much as dieldrin. DDT at 8 oz. per pound of seed gave effective control but the bulk of insecticide on the seed caused jamming of the seeder. When the amount of DDT was reduced the degree of damage increased. Lindane as a seed treatment at 1 oz. per pound of seed was extremely phytotoxic. The same amount of aldrin applied in a similar manner was phytotoxic but to a lesser degree.

CONTROL OF THE ONION MAGGOT, HYLEMYA ANTIQUA (MEIG.) (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), WITH INSECTICIDES IN ORGANIC SOILS OF SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Perron ◽  
J. Lafrance
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
Onion Seed ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth

In organic soils of southwestern Quebec from 1955 to 1958, dieldrin heptachlor and endrin wettable powders mixed at the rate of 1 ounce of toxicant per pound of onion seed applied for the control of the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.) were highly effective. The heptachlor treatment appeared to stimulate plant growth. Toxaphene as seed treatment was poor, while di-syston also as seed treatment was effective but reduced germination by one-third. A soil surface treatment with chlordane dust at 4.5 pounds of toxicant per acre gave also a fair control where seed had not been treated. Combinations of dieldrin or DDT seed treatments with chlordane or aldrin soil surface treatments when plants averaged 2 inches high were not more effective than a seed treatment alone.

ORGANOPHOSPHATE COMPOUNDS FOR THE CONTROL OF THE ONION MAGGOT, HYLEMYA ANTIQUA (MEIGEN) (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) RESISTANT TO CYCLODIENE INSECTICIDES IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Perron ◽  
J. Lafrance
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
Organophosphate Compounds ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Cyclodiene Insecticides

Diazinon and V-C-13 granular formulations, applied as furrow treatments at the rate of 1 and 2 pounds toxicant per acre, and diazinon wettable powder as seed treatment at [Formula: see text] ounces toxicant per pound of seed, effectively controlled populations of the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meigen) resistant to cyclodiene insecticides in southwestern Quebec, in both mineral and organic soils. EN 18133 granular formulation was also very effective but caused a slight delay in germination without, however, affecting the stand or decreasing the yield to any extent. Ethion, Trithion and Guthion granular formulations as furrow treatments at either 1 or 2 pounds toxicant per acre, and also as wettable powder seed treatments at the rate of 1 ounce toxicant per pound of seed, were significantly inferior to Diazinon, V-C-13 and EN 18133. Dylox water soluble powder, applied as a drench post-emergence treatment at 4 pounds toxicant per acre, gave poor control.

THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE APHID ON DWARF APPLE TREES WITH BARK APPLICATIONS OF DIMETHOATE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Pielou
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Aphis Pomi ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Excellent Control

Very effective control of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeG., on dwarf apple trees, has been obtained by two paintings of an undiluted emulsifiable concentrate of dimethoate (30 per cent active ingredient) on the basal part of the trunk of the tree. Approximately 2 millilitres are applied per tree, and application is made with a 1-inch paint brush around the trunk over a distance of approximately 12 inches. A single application in early July, at a time when the seasonal upsurge of aphids is beginning, gave excellent control for 3 to 4 weeks, even where conditions for reinfestation were favourable. A second application at the end of that period ensured full seasonal control. Almost equally good control was obtained by diluting the concentrate with an equal volume of water. At greater dilutions less effective control resulted. The use of a slurry made from dimethoate, 50 per cent wettable powder, in place of the emulsion, was reasonably effective but slower in action.

Evaluation of seed, stem and soil applications of procymidone to control white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) of onions

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Porter ◽  
JP Maughan ◽  
GB Towers
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Sclerotium Cepivorum ◽  
Plant Emergence

The effects of different methods of applying procymidone, either alone or combined, were evaluated for control of white rot (caused by Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) in onions at 2 sites in Victoria.Field trials at Colac showed that seed treatments combined with sprays to the soil surface gave the most effective control of white rot, reducing disease from 78 to 16% and increasing yields from 5.7 to 14.6 t/ha in brown onions. Sprays applied to the soil surface at 2.5 kg a.i./ha had no effect on emergence and reduced disease incidence from 65.3 to 21.7%. Seed treatment at 25 g procymidone/kg seed delayed the onset of disease by 80 days and reduced disease incidence by 30%. The same treatment also reduced plant emergence by more than 27% and, therefore, did not increase yields. Dispersible granules (5 or 10%; at 2.5 kg procymidone/ha) were as effective as the soil sprays at sowing. Stem base sprays applied 11 and 19 weeks after sowing reduced disease incidence slightly but did not increase yields. Procymidone applied with bands of fertiliser 2 or 5 cm below the seed was not effective. Two formulations of procymidone, Sumisclex 500 (50% a.i.) and 275 Flocol (27.5% a.i.), were equally effective in controlling white rot. At Lang Lang, root-dips of 14-week-old seedlings in 5 g procymidone/L reduced white rot in transplanted white globe onions. Procymidone concentrations of 0.05-50 g a.i./L applied for periods ranging from 2 s to 30 min had no effect on plant establishment in a glasshouse.

Timing Soil-surface Applications of Chlordane Dust Against the Onion Maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.) (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), in Onion Seedlings

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Perron ◽  
J. Lafrance ◽  
M. Hudon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
Application Program

Several Canadian workers have reported various results in the control of the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.), with chemicals applied to the soil surface (Dustan, 1938; Matthewman et al., 1942; McLeod, 1946; Perron et al., 1953; Finlayson and Handford, 1954). In these tests, the date of the first application of insecticide coincided with early oviposition of the insect, the second and third applications following at weekly or ten-day intervals. Satisfactory control was therefore dependent to a great extent on the grower's ability to recognize the beginning of oviposition by the pest in the field. However, many growers find this recognition difficult and poor control often results from the three-application program.

A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR MASS-REARING THE ONION MAGGOT (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) ON AN ARTIFICIAL DIET

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1554-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Allen ◽  
W. L. Askew
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Wheat Embryo ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
Yeast Hydrolysate

AbstractA gelatine-based diet for rearing the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meigen), that contains sucrose, evaporated milk, yeast hydrolysate, wheat embryo, cellulose powder, n-propyl disulfide, water, and antibiotics is described. Three consecutive generations reared on this medium were equal in puparial weights, percentages of pupation, adult emergence, and egg hatch, to those reared on onion bulbs. The procedure is simple and two man-hours per week is sufficient for producing 1000 maggots daily.

A Note on a Dipterous Predator of the Onion Maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meig.)

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Perron ◽  
J. Lafrance
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Onion Maggot ◽  
Hylemya Antiqua ◽  
History Of

In investigations on the life-history of the onion maggot at St. Jean, Que., in 1951, a few specimens of a dipterous predator were found in the rearing cages in the laboratory. They were feeding voraciously on the adults, destroying a colony of nearly 300 flies within two weeks.Specimens were identified by Mr. A. R. Brooks, Systematic Entomology, Division of Entomology, Saskatoon, Sask., as Coenosia tigrina (F.). Mr. G. E. Shewell, Systematic Entomology, Division of Entomology, Ottawa, has stated that nothing is known in Canada about the life-history of this species, but that it is apparently well known as a predator in Europe and that B. M. Hobby has published a long list of species on which it preys, including many anthomyiids.

Assessment of tolerance for reducing yield losses in field pea caused by Aphanomyces root rot

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Conner ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
T. D. Warkentin ◽  
K. B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
High Yields

Conner, R. L., Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Warkentin, T. D. and McRae, K. B. 2013. Assessment of tolerance for reducing yield losses in field pea caused by Aphanomyces root rot. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 473–482. Aphanomyces root rot, caused by Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs., is a serious disease of peas (Pisum sativum) that can severely reduce seed yield, and few effective control measures are available. The development of pea cultivars with tolerance or partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot is generally considered to be one of the best options to reduce yield loss. A 4-yr field study was conducted at disease-free sites and at an Aphanomyces root rot site to compare the responses of cultivars and lines in the presence and absence of Aphanomyces root rot, identify breeding lines with tolerance and to evaluate the effects of tolerance on plant growth, disease severity and yield. At the Aphanomyces root rot site, a second test was established in which the phosphite fungicide Phostrol™ was applied as a soil drench treatment to the pea cultivars and lines. Aphanomyces root rot reduced seedling emergence, biomass production and yield in the susceptible pea genotypes. However, line 00-2067 consistently produced relatively high yields at all the field sites. At the Aphanomyces root rot site, yield was closely associated with plant vigour and shoot weight. Small, but significant, differences (P<0.05) in disease severity were observed between susceptible cultivars and tolerant lines indicating that the lines producing high yields at the Aphanomyces root rot site are tolerant rather than partially resistant. The root/shoot weight ratio was very low in the tolerant lines, indicating that even though their root systems were reduced and severely damaged by root rot, they were still able to produce high yields under favourable conditions for the disease. Drench application of the fungicide Phostrol™ did not significantly reduce root rot severity or improve the performance of any of the pea cultivars or lines.

RECENT TRIALS WITH NEW ACARICIDES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA ORCHARDS

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Downing
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Residual Control ◽  
Residual Effectiveness

In British Columbia, the following acaricides gave good control of the European red mite, Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch), and the brown mite, Bryobia arborea M. & A., when applied to apple trees at the pink bud stage: chlorfensone (p-chlorophenyl p-chlorobenzene sulphonate), fensone (p-chlorophenyl benzene sulphonate), chlorbenside (p-chlorobenzyl p-chlorophenyl sulphide), Genite 923 (2,4-dichlorophenyl benzene sulphonate), Chlorobenzilate (ethyl 4,4′-dichlorobenzilate), and Kelthane (1,1-bis (chlorophenyl) 2,2,2-trichloroethanol). Trithion [O,O-diethyl S-(p-chlorophenyl-thiomethyl) phosphorodithioate] gave good control of the European red mite; it was not tested in the pre-bloom stage against the brown mite.A summer spray of Kelthane or Trithion gave good initial and residual control of European red mite and brown mite; Diazinon (O,O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidyl (6)] thiophosphate) gave fair initial control but lacked residual effectiveness. Chlorobenzilate gave good control of the brown mite, the only species against which it was tested in the summer.Chlorfensone and chlorbenside injured apple foliage when applied at the pink bud stage. Chlorfensone, chlorbenside and fensone injured the fruit of some varieties and Genite 923 severely injured apple foliage when used in summer.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF CUTWORMS IN ASPARAGUS FIELDS IN THE INTERIOR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
F. L. Banham ◽  
R. H. Handford
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Euxoa Ochrogaster ◽  
Dry Soil

Emulsions of dieldrin, aldrin, isodrin, toxaphene and chlordane applied to the soil surface and incorporated to a depth of about 4 inches proved highly effective in controlling the red-back cutworm, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guen.) when tested in asparagus fields in the interior of British Columbia in the summer of 1953 and 1954. In 1953 aldrin emulsion mixed with the soil was much more effective than when it was left on the soil surface, Bran bait containing paris green, although giving fairly satisfactory control, was less effective and slower in action than the emulsions. In 1952, dieldrin, aldrin, and isodrin dusts, applied to the soil surface, were superior to and faster in action than bran baits containing aldrin or endrin; all of the 1952 treatments were apparently slower in action in dry soil than in relatively moist soil. A survey of asparagus fields treated by growers in 1953 but not in 1954 indicated that aldrin emulsion, mixed with the soil at about 4 lb. of toxicant per acre, protects asparagus for at least two years.

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