scholarly journals HETEROSIS IN F1 HYBRIDS BETWEEN SPRING AND WINTER WHEATS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. GRANT ◽  
HUGH McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Wheat Parent

Significant levels of heterosis were demonstrated in F1 yield trials from crosses between three spring and three winter wheats (T. aestivum L.): Thatcher × Winalta, Cypress × Kharkov 22 MC, and Lee × Cheyenne. Yields up to 40% higher than those of the spring wheat parent were attributed to heterosis resulting from hybridization of genetically diverse spring and winter types. To our knowledge this is the first published report of heterosis for yield in F1 hybrids between spring and winter wheat cultivars. This information has significance in both hybrid wheat and conventional breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genealogical Analysis of the Genetic Diversity in Winter Wheat Cultivars Grown in the Former Czechoslovakia and the Present Czech Republic during 1919–2001

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Stehno ◽  
L. Dotlačil ◽  
I. Faberová ◽  
S. Martynov ◽  
T. Dobrotvorskaya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genealogical Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Foreign Materials

Using genealogical analysis, the genetic diversity in winter wheat cultivars registered and grown in the formerCzechoslovakia and the presentCzech Republic during 1919–2001 was studied. The strong increase of the diversity level since the 1970-s is based on the wide use in breeding programs of foreign materials, most of which originated in countries of Western, Central andEastern Europe. Simultaneously a genetic erosion in the released cultivars occurred; from the 1930-s to the 1970-s, a significant number of original local ancestors was lost. The modern cultivars listed in the Czech National List of Varieties in 2000–2001 can be distinguished into clusters. The overwhelming majority of cultivars belong to two clusters of similar extent. In one of them the ancestors fromWestern Europe can be found, while in the second cluster ancestors fromEastern Europe dominate, mainly through cvs. Mironovskaya 808 and Bezostaya 1. An index of similarity of modern cultivars grown in theCzech Republic is approximately equal to the average between half- and quarter-sibs. Consequently, it can be concluded that the genetic diversity in winter wheat cultivars presently grown in theCzech   Republic has increased in the last decades and is considered as acceptable.  

scholarly journals PAG electrophoregrams of wheat cultivars grown in Finland

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Tuula Sontag ◽  
Hannu Salovaara
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Close Relatives

The polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) patterns of gliadins of 9 spring wheat cultivars (Apu, Drabant, Taava, Tapio, Ulla, Kadett, Luja, Ruso and Tähti) and of 5 winter wheat cultivars (Aura, Ilves, Linna, Nisu and Vakka) were determined. Most of the samples studied had specific gliadin PAGE patterns, indicating that electrophoregrams obtained with the procedure employed here can be used for identifying wheat cultivars grown in Finland. Only two cultivars, Taava and Ruso, which are close relatives, possessed similar PAGE patterns. The procedure uses a commercial vertical electrophoresis apparatus and thin gels. Up to 28 samples could be electrophoresed in three hours and analyzed after staining. The procedure can be applied in the identification of wheat cultivars currently grown in Finland.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of Regression Coefficients for the Relationship Between Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol Content of Wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 951-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Paul ◽  
P. E. Lipps ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Regression Slope ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Relationship

A total of 126 field studies reporting deoxynivalenol (DON; ppm) content of harvested wheat grain and Fusarium head blight index (IND; field or plot-level disease severity) were analyzed to determine the overall mean regression slope and intercept for the relationship between DON and IND, and the influence of study-specific variables on the slope and intercept. A separate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the slope and intercept for each study followed by a meta-analysis of the regression coefficients from all studies. Between-study variances were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than 0, indicating substantial variation in the relationship between the variables. Regression slopes and intercepts were between -0.27 and 1.48 ppm per unit IND and -10.55 to 32.75 ppm, respectively. The overall mean regression slope and intercept, 0.22 ppm per unit IND and 2.94 ppm, respectively, were significantly different from zero (P < 0.001), and the width of the 95% confidence interval was 0.07 ppm per unit IND for slope and 1.44 ppm for intercept. Both slope and intercept were significantly affected by wheat type (P < 0.05); the overall mean intercept was significantly higher in studies conducted using winter wheat cultivars than in studies conducted using spring wheat cultivars, whereas the overall mean slope was significantly higher in studies conducted using spring wheat cultivars than in winter wheat cultivars. Study location had a significant effect on the intercept (P < 0.05), with studies from U.S. winter wheat-growing region having the highest overall mean intercept followed by studies from Canadian wheat-growing regions and U.S. spring wheat-growing regions. The study-wide magnitude of DON and IND had significant effects on one or both of the regression coefficients, resulting in considerable reduction in between-study variances. This indicates that, at least indirectly, environment affected the relationship between DON and IND.

Resistance to wheat midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in winter wheat and the origins of resistance in spring wheat (Poaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Lamb ◽  
M.A.H. Smith ◽  
I.L. Wise ◽  
R.I.H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
North American ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Oviposition Deterrence ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Lines

AbstractNine winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum Linnaeus) (Poaceae) were the source of the Sm1 gene for resistance to wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in spring wheat. All nine showed antibiosis characteristic of Sm1, as expected. They also showed oviposition deterrence and reduced hatch, which contributed to overall resistance. The overall level of resistance of the nine winter wheat cultivars was usually lower than that of resistant spring wheat lines in laboratory trials, but equally high in a field trial. Five of seven other North American winter wheat cultivars also showed resistance. Three of these were grown in the 1920s and earlier, before wheat varieties were officially registered. One of these, “Mediterranean”, came from Europe in the 1880s and may be the origin of Sm1 in North America. Two of 11 Chinese winter wheat lines showed resistance to wheat midge but at a lower level than that characteristic of Sm1. Widespread resistance in North American winter wheat cultivars was unexpected because wheat midge has not been a pest of winter wheat for many decades. North American winter wheat cultivars can provide sources of resistance to wheat midge, particularly high levels of oviposition deterrence as exhibited by “Goens” and “Rawhide”.

Possible sources of resistance to the wheat midge in wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Barker ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Sitodiplosis Mosellana ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wheat Midge ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The objective of this study was to find resistance in wheat cultivars to the wheat midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana [Géhin]). A total of 61 spring and 61 winter wheats were assayed in 1992 to 1994. Thirteen selected cultivars were planted in 1994. Three kinds of apparent response to midge infestation were found. Eight winter wheat cultivars suffered neither the usual typical kind nor high numbers of shrivelling of the seeds often attributed to the midge, but produced instead small numbers of shorter and more rounded (tubby) seeds which could be due to midge activity. Cultivar RL5708 differed from all other cultivars in that it showed low proportions of damaged seeds, which were often associated with dead midge larvae. The third group included lines and cultivars showing the typical shrivelling of the seeds due to the wheat midge. In 1993 most late-planted spring wheat cultivars were less affected by the midge than the same cultivars planted earlier probably because of asynchrony between times of wheat flowering and midge opposition. The incorporation of resistance to the wheat midge into hard red spring wheats should contribute to a reduction of wheat losses in years when wheat midge are abundant. Key words: Winter wheat, spring wheat, wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana, resistance

Early-maturing spring wheat outperforms late-maturing winter wheat in the high rainfall environment of south-western Victoria

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Riffkin ◽  
P. M. Evans ◽  
J. F. Chin ◽  
G. A. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar

The aim of this experiment was to identify suitable cultivars and sowing times for winter and spring wheat types in the high rainfall environment of south-western Victoria. Spring and winter wheat cultivars with a range of flowering times were sown at 3 (April–June) and 6 (April–September) sowing times in 1997 and 1999, respectively, at Hamilton. Strong cultivar × sowing time interactions occurred. Grain yields ranged from 0.3 t/ha for a winter wheat (cv. Declic) sown in September to 8 t/ha for a spring wheat (cv. Silverstar) sown in June. The early-maturing spring wheat cultivar Silverstar, initially bred for the lower rainfall Mallee environment, produced the highest yields in both years from all sowing times except April. Our data indicate that higher yields are achieved from crops that flower earlier than is currently recommended. The optimum flowering period in south-western Victoria needs to be redefined, especially since many crops are now sown on raised beds.

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