SURVIVAL OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA IN ASSOCIATION WITH MATURE APPLE FRUIT

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DUECK
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Water Suspension ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Mature Apple

Mature fruit from naturally infected apple (Malus sylvestris Mill. ’Wealthy’) trees was free from a detectable population of Erwinia amylovora in the calyx, stem, peel and cortex. The pathogen failed to survive for 24 h on the surface of artificially inoculated fruit of Red and Golden Delicious apple in the orchard. In the laboratory, survival of the bacterium was excellent on the surface of apples when applied as natural ooze, or in a water suspension. Bacteria injected into the cortex of fruit of several cultivars survived as long as the apples were physiologically sound. Apples even from resistant cultivars developed symptoms of fireblight in storage. However, the absence of E. amylovora from symptomless fruit of naturally infected trees suggests that mature fruit presents a negligible risk for dissemination of fireblight bacteria.

BACTERICIDAL TREATMENT OF APPLES FOR ELIMINATION OF SURFACE-BORNE ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DUECK
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Water Suspension ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Mature Apple ◽  
Paper Disc

A bactericidal dip for mature apple (Malus sylvestris Mill.) was developed as a precaution against possible dissemination of Erwinia amylovora on fruit surfaces to fireblight-free areas. Several common bactericides including sodium hypochlorite, panacide, 8-hydroxyquinolinol sulfate, stretptomycin sulfate and acetic acid showed activity against E. amylovora in a filter paper disc bioassay. None of these compounds completely eliminated E. amylovora from the surface of apples inoculated by swabbing with bacterial ooze. Streptomycin sulfate 250 ppm and actetic acid 1.0 M were most effective as dips. Several combinations of compounds killed all bacterial cells on the surface. When apples were inoculated with a water suspension of bacterial ooze (8.2 × 106 cells/ml) a 10-min dip in 1.0 M acetic acid was completely effective.

Infection frequency of mature apple fruit with Erwinia amylovora deposited on pedicels and its survival in the fruit stored at low temperature

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Tsukamoto ◽  
Koji Azegami ◽  
Takayuki Matsuura ◽  
Tatsuji Ohara ◽  
Yasuhiro Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Mature Apple

Invasion and colonization of mature apple fruit by Erwinia amylovora tagged with bioluminescence genes

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Azegami ◽  
Takanori Tsukamoto ◽  
Takayuki Matsuura ◽  
Tatsuji Ohara ◽  
Yasuhiro Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Mature Apple

scholarly journals Invasion and colonization of mature apple fruit by Erwinia amylovora tagged with bioluminescence genes

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
Koji Azegami ◽  
Takanori Tsukamoto ◽  
Takayuki Matsuura ◽  
Tatsuji Ohara ◽  
Yasuhiro Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Mature Apple

scholarly journals Alteration of Cellular Compartmentation and Membrane Permeability to Sugars in Immature and Mature Apple Fruit

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Yamaki ◽  
Migifumi Ino
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Cellular Volume ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Mature Apple

A study was conducted to determine the distribution of sugars in vacuoles, cytoplasm, and free space in apples (Malus domestica Bork) picked at the immature and mature stage of maturity. The volumes of free space and air space were 13.4% and 14.5%, respectively, in immature fruit, and 14.6% and 25.6%, respectively, in mature fruit. The inner cellular volume (vacuole + cytoplasm) was 72% and 60% for immature and mature fruit, respectively. About 90% of each sugar (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol) was found in the vacuole. The concentration of total sugar in the inner cell or free space was 326 or 128 mm each in immature fruit and 937 or 406 mm each in mature fruit. Permeability to sugars across the plasma membrane and tonoplast also increased with fruit maturation, 7- to 30-fold for the tonoplast and 4- to 5-fold for the plasma membrane in mature compared to immature fruit. Cells in immature fruit apparently enlarge through higher turgor pressure from sequestering of sugars into vacuoles, and cease to enlarge in mature fruit as the amount of sugar unloading into the fruit is reduced due to the accumulation of sugar in the free space or cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Relationships Among Day of Year of Drop, Seed Number, and Weight of Mature Apple Fruit

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Ward ◽  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Ross E. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Mature Apple

Preharvest fruit drop of apple [Malu×domestica (L.) Borkh.] can cause significant crop losses, but factors controlling date of individual fruit drop are unknown. In three types of experiments, we investigated the relationships among seed number/fruit, fruit weight, and day of year of drop. By shading in mid-May and stigma excision before bloom, we induced variability in seed number. Dropped fruit were weighed, and their seeds were counted daily from late August until all fruit had dropped. Nontreated trees were studied similarly. Regression analyses were used to assess relationships among day of drop, fruit weight, and seed number/fruit. Substantial variation in day of drop of individual fruit was not explained by seed number of the fruit in these experiments with `Smoothee Golden Delicious', `Redchief Delicious', and `Commander York'.

scholarly journals APPLE FRUIT CUTICULAR WAX INFLUENCE ON FLYSPECK, SOOTY BLOTCH, AND RUSSETING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1110d-1110
Author(s):  
Robert D. Belding ◽  
Eric Young
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Pure Gold ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Sooty Blotch ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Mature Apple

Fruit from six cultivars of mature apple trees were evaluated for cuticular wax characteristics. Incidence of flyspeck, sooty blotch and russet was compared to the wax component of the cuticle. Three cultivars of Golden Delicious: Sundale Spur, Pure Gold, and Lys Golden; and three cultivars of Red Delicious: Starkspur Supreme, Oregon I, and Starkrimson, were examined.Incidence of flyspeck on Golden Delicious apples was negatively correlated to cuticular wax per unit area. Sooty blotch appearance was greater on Golden Delicious fruit as compared to Red Delicious. Incidence of sooty blotch was positively correlated to cuticular wax weight per unit area among the cultivars of Red Delicious. Russeting was negatively correlated to wax weight per unit area for the Red Delicious cultivars. Wax compositional analysis will also be discussed.

Erwinia amylovora can pass through the abscission layer of fruit-bearing twigs and invade apple fruit during fruit maturation

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Azegami ◽  
Takanori Tsukamoto ◽  
Takayuki Matsuura ◽  
Yasuhiro Inoue ◽  
Hiroshi Uematsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Abscission Layer ◽  
Pass Through
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