THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 19. Asclepias syriaca L.

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRASANTA C. BHOWMIK ◽  
JOHN D. BANDEEN
Keyword(s):  
River Basins ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Common Milkweed Asclepias Syriaca

This summary of biological data is for common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.), as a weed in Canada, particularly in eastern Canada. Weedy populations of this perennial occur in great abundance in southern Ontario and Quebec. It belongs to association of plants of roadsides, waste lands and river basins. Recently, this weed has spread into cultivated lands, especially cereals, row crops and forage crops.

PERENNIALS AND ANNUALS FOR WINTER FODDER PRODUCTION IN THE DRIER PORTIONS OF THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. KILCHER
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Fodder Production

Small grain cereals such as oats or wheat, when grown on fallowed land, provided fodder yields as high as or higher than those obtained from perennial forage containing alfalfa. However, on a land base comparison, yields of perennial crops were about double those of cereal grains. A 3-yr rotation using annuals in a crop–crop–fallow sequence improved the yield relationship over a crop–fallow rotation only marginally in this semiarid region. Yields of corn or sunflower row crops in rotations with fallow, or with cereals and fallow, were highly variable. Crude protein yields of the perennial forage crops on a given land base were about threefold those from annual crops.

Benefits and barriers to perennial forage crops in Iowa corn and soybean rotations

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Olmstead ◽  
E. Charles Brummer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Row Crops

AbstractThe transition away from forage-based cropping systems in Iowa to corn and soybean rotations since World War II has corresponded with degraded economic and environmental conditions in the state. Falling net incomes for farmers and concern over global warming and the effects of agriculture-related pollution on water, wildlife and human health have increased interest in diversified cropping systems. This paper reviews the benefits of diversifying Iowa corn and soybean rotations with perennial forage species such as alfalfa and red clover. Perennial forage crops improve soil quality, decrease NO3-N leaching and soil erosion, increase carbon sequestration and decrease pesticide and herbicide needs by controlling weed and insect pests. Forage legumes reduce N fertilizer needs for succeeding corn crops at a higher rate than soybeans, and corn crops following forages have higher yields than after corn or soybeans. Farmers who add alfalfa to corn and soybean rotations could realize significant economic gains. A simulated 5-year rotation in Iowa including corn–soybeans–oats/alfalfa–alfalfa–alfalfa would result in a 24% net income increase over 5 years of corn–soybean–corn–soybean–corn, even with government farm support payments for the row crops. Farm policies that encourage commodity production create little incentive for Iowa farmers to diversify their cropping systems beyond corn and soybeans, despite the clear economic and ecological benefits. We recommend increasing federal support for conservation programs that reward environmentally beneficial farm practices such as the Conservation Securities Program and we encourage land grant universities to hire researchers interested in alternative agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Habitat Type Influences Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Oviposition and Egg Survival on Asclepias syriaca (Gentianales: Apocynaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Myers ◽  
Christie A Bahlai ◽  
Douglas A Landis
Keyword(s):  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
North American Population ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Egg Predation ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Predation Rates

AbstractAs agricultural practices intensify, species once common in agricultural landscapes are declining in abundance. One such species is the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.), whose eastern North American population has decreased approximately 80% during the past 20 yr. One hypothesis explaining the monarch’s decline is reduced breeding habitat via loss of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) from agricultural landscapes in the north central United States due to the adoption of herbicide-tolerant row crops. Current efforts to enhance monarch breeding habitat primarily involve restoring milkweed in perennial grasslands. However, prior surveys found fewer monarch eggs on common milkweed in grassland versus crop habitats, indicating potential preference for oviposition in row crop habitats, or alternatively, greater egg loss to predation in grasslands. We tested these alternative mechanisms by measuring oviposition and egg predation on potted A. syriaca host plants. Our study revealed that habitat context influences both monarch oviposition preference and egg predation rates and that these patterns vary by year. We found higher monarch egg predation rates during the first 24 h after exposure and that much of the predation occurs at night. Overall, we documented up to 90% egg mortality over 72 h in perennial grasslands, while predation rates in corn were lower (10–30% mortality) and more consistent between years. These findings demonstrate that weekly monarch egg surveys are too infrequent to distinguish oviposition habitat preferences from losses due to egg predation and suggest that monarch restoration efforts need to provide both attractive and safe habitats for monarch reproduction.

scholarly journals Building a model: developing genomic resources for common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) with low coverage genome sequencing

BMC Genomics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon CK Straub ◽  
Mark Fishbein ◽  
Tatyana Livshultz ◽  
Zachary Foster ◽  
Matthew Parks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Common Milkweed Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Low Coverage

scholarly journals COEXISTENCE OF THREE SPECIALIST APHIDS ON COMMON MILKWEED,ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA

Ecology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 2187-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Smith ◽  
K. A. Mooney ◽  
A. A. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Common Milkweed Asclepias Syriaca

Plant-insect relationships between common milkweed Asclepias syriaca (Gentianales: Asclepiadacees) and the European skipper Thymelicus lineola (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1553-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy N. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Milkweed Asclepias Syriaca

European skipper adults aggregate on common milkweed and their legs and (or) proboscis often become entangled in the flowers. Occasionally this results in the loss of legs or in the death of the insect. Normally the insects escape unharmed and frequently carry with them milkweed pollinia, attached to the extremity of their tarsi. Thus the European skipper, an insect pest, may act as a pollinating agent of a weed pest, the common milkweed.

scholarly journals THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 77.Veratrum viride Ait.

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALD A. MULLIGAN ◽  
DEREK B. MUNRO
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The West ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

This paper provides a summary of biological data on Veratrum viride Ait., false hellebore. It is a herbaceous perennial, native to wet habitats in North America. Subspecies viride occurs primarily in eastern Canada and subspecies eschscholtzii (A. Gray) Löve and Löve in the west. Both subspecies have the chromosome number of n = 16, 2n = 32. Ingested material of false hellebore is poisonous to humans and livestock.Key words: False hellebore, Veratrum viride Ait., weed biology

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