A model of expansion and senescence of individual leaves of field-grown maize (Zea mays L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Stewart ◽  
L M. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Daily Time Step ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development ◽  
Daily Time

Estimation of leaf area is a major component of plant growth models. In this study, a model was developed to calculate field-grown maize leaf area expansion and senescence on an individual leaf basis. The model began with an equation, based on cumulative growing degree-days from emergence, to initiate leaf area development. The model required daily values of maximum and minimum air temperature, solar radiation and precipitation, had essentially a daily time step with day and night modes, and could be run on commonly accessible computers (micros to mainframes). The objective of the development of the model was to assist plant breeders in optimizing leaf number and shape for adaptation to specific environments. Key words: Leaf area and number, temperature, phenological development

From controlled environments to field simulations: leaf area dynamics and photosynthesis of kiwifruit vines (Actinidia deliciosa)

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Alla N. Seleznyova ◽  
Steven R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Actinidia Deliciosa ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

Canopy leaf area development and daily rates of carbon acquisition of kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A.�Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson] vines growing in orchard conditions were modelled from mathematically-based physiological descriptions of leaf area expansion and photosynthesis of individual leaves Model drivers were temperatures and photon flux densities (PFD) measured in the orchard at 30-min intervals over the growing season. A modelling framework of shoot leaf area expansion, developed from controlled environment studies, was extended to whole vines by including canopy architectural components, such as shoot numbers, percentage budbreak and proportions of shoots in different length classes. Daily photosynthesis was modelled from rectangular hyperbolic functions determined for both sun and shade leaves and simulated from calculated light interception. Canopy leaf area, photosynthesis and PFDs within the canopy, obtained from measurements from vines grown in the orchard, were used to test the model. Close agreement occurred between the simulated and measured canopy leaf area development, and also between simulated and measured rates of photosynthesis. Total carbon acquisition over the growing season, estimated at 11 kg vine–1, compared closely with measured increments in vine biomass over the growing season. Results thus confirm the physiologically based model to be readily scalable to whole vines growing in orchard conditions.

Comparative behaviour of seedlings of sorghum and some tropical legumes in relation to leaf expansion and growth

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Chopra ◽  
K. R. Koundal ◽  
Madhu Kansal
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

SummaryGrowth rates were compared of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia), mung bean (Vigna radiata) and sorghum seedlings aged 2–5 weeks. The seedling growth rates were analysed in relation to leaf area development, net photosynthetic rate, nitrogen accumulation, nitrate reductase activity, and soluble protein content. Growth rates were highest in sorghum and lowest in C. cajan. Leaf area development was very fast in sorghum and very slow in C. cajan. Net photosynthetic rate of sorghum leaves was double that observed for the legume leaves. No significant difference was observed in nitrate reductase activity, nitrogen percentage or soluble protein content between sorghum and the legumes. In sorghum, early investment of assimilates into leaf development ensured a higher assimilation of carbon and nitrogen per plant. In the legumes, slow development of leaf area coupled with low photosynthetic rates probably resulted in slow growth of the seedlings. In the legume seedlings, vigour was related to the rates of leaf area expansion. Leaf area expansion rates were not related to the nitrogen status of the leaf in the species examined.

Leaf Area Development, Light Interception, and Yield among Switchgrass Populations in a Short‐Season Area

Crop Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Madakadze ◽  
B. E. Coulman ◽  
P. Peterson ◽  
K. A. Stewart ◽  
R. Samson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

scholarly journals Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Sabine Stuerz ◽  
Folkard Asch
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Area Expansion

Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated in diverse ecological zones largely differing in temperature and relative air humidity (RH). To investigate the effects of temperature and RH during day and night on leaf growth, one variety (IR64) was grown in a growth chamber using 9 day/night regimes around the same mean temperature and RH, which were combinations of 3 temperature treatments (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C day/night temperature) and 3 RH treatments (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40% day/night RH). Day/night leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured and compared to leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf area expansion on the plant level. While daytime LER was mainly temperature-dependent, nighttime LER was equally affected by temperature and RH and closely correlated with leaf area expansion at the plant level. We hypothesize that the same parameters increasing LER during the night also enhance leaf area expansion via shifts in partitioning to larger and thinner leaves. Further, base temperatures estimated from LERs varied with RH, emphasizing the need to take RH into consideration when modeling crop growth in response to temperature.

Alternative climate data sources for distributed hydrological modelling on a daily time step

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1542-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf El-Sadek ◽  
Max Bleiweiss ◽  
Manoj Shukla ◽  
Steve Guldan ◽  
Alexander Fernald
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Daily Time Step ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Daily Time

scholarly journals Acclimation of Photosynthetic Activity of Zantedeschia `Best Gold' in Response to Temperature and Photosynthetic Photon Flux

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Funnell ◽  
Errol W. Hewett ◽  
Julie A. Plummer ◽  
Ian J. Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Area Expansion

Photosynthetic activity of individual leaves of Zantedeschia Spreng. `Best Gold' aff. Z. pentlandii (Wats.) Wittm. [syn. Richardia pentlandii Wats.] (`Best Gold'), were quantified with leaf expansion and diurnally, under a range of temperature and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) regimes. Predictive models incorporating PPF, day temperature, and percentage leaf area expansion accounted for 78% and 81% of variation in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) before, and postattainment of, 75% maximum leaf area, respectively. Minimal changes in Pn occurred during the photoperiod when environmental conditions were stable. Maximum Pn (10.9μmol·m-2·s-1 or 13.3 μmol·g-1·s-1) occurred for plants grown under high PPF (694 μmol·m-2·s-1) and day temperature (28 °C). Acclimation of Pn was less than complete, with any gain through a greater light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) at high PPF also resulting in a reduction in quantum yield. Similarly, any gain in acclimation through increased quantum yield under low PPF occurred concurrently with reduced Pmax. It was concluded that Zantedeschia `Best Gold' is a shade tolerant selection, adapted to optimize photosynthetic rate under the climate of its natural habitat, by not having obligate adaptation to sun or shade habitats.

Leaf area development and yield of cassava in response to pruning of shoots and the late supply of nitrogen and potassium

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 1406-1422
Author(s):  
Lydia Helena S.O. Mota ◽  
Adalton M. Fernandes ◽  
Natália S. Assunção ◽  
Hugo M.F. Leite
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development
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