Comparative behaviour of seedlings of sorghum and some tropical legumes in relation to leaf expansion and growth

SummaryGrowth rates were compared of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia), mung bean (Vigna radiata) and sorghum seedlings aged 2–5 weeks. The seedling growth rates were analysed in relation to leaf area development, net photosynthetic rate, nitrogen accumulation, nitrate reductase activity, and soluble protein content. Growth rates were highest in sorghum and lowest in C. cajan. Leaf area development was very fast in sorghum and very slow in C. cajan. Net photosynthetic rate of sorghum leaves was double that observed for the legume leaves. No significant difference was observed in nitrate reductase activity, nitrogen percentage or soluble protein content between sorghum and the legumes. In sorghum, early investment of assimilates into leaf development ensured a higher assimilation of carbon and nitrogen per plant. In the legumes, slow development of leaf area coupled with low photosynthetic rates probably resulted in slow growth of the seedlings. In the legume seedlings, vigour was related to the rates of leaf area expansion. Leaf area expansion rates were not related to the nitrogen status of the leaf in the species examined.

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A model of expansion and senescence of individual leaves of field-grown maize (Zea mays L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps94-008 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 37-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. W. Stewart ◽

L M. Dwyer

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Growth Models ◽

Time Step ◽

Leaf Area Expansion ◽

Daily Time Step ◽

Area Expansion ◽

Area Development ◽

Leaf Area Development ◽

Daily Time

Estimation of leaf area is a major component of plant growth models. In this study, a model was developed to calculate field-grown maize leaf area expansion and senescence on an individual leaf basis. The model began with an equation, based on cumulative growing degree-days from emergence, to initiate leaf area development. The model required daily values of maximum and minimum air temperature, solar radiation and precipitation, had essentially a daily time step with day and night modes, and could be run on commonly accessible computers (micros to mainframes). The objective of the development of the model was to assist plant breeders in optimizing leaf number and shape for adaptation to specific environments. Key words: Leaf area and number, temperature, phenological development

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From controlled environments to field simulations: leaf area dynamics and photosynthesis of kiwifruit vines (Actinidia deliciosa)

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp03151 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 169 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Dennis H. Greer ◽

Alla N. Seleznyova ◽

Steven R. Green

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Growing Season ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Actinidia Deliciosa ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Modelling Framework ◽

Leaf Area Expansion ◽

Area Expansion ◽

Area Development ◽

Leaf Area Development

Canopy leaf area development and daily rates of carbon acquisition of kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A.�Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson] vines growing in orchard conditions were modelled from mathematically-based physiological descriptions of leaf area expansion and photosynthesis of individual leaves Model drivers were temperatures and photon flux densities (PFD) measured in the orchard at 30-min intervals over the growing season. A modelling framework of shoot leaf area expansion, developed from controlled environment studies, was extended to whole vines by including canopy architectural components, such as shoot numbers, percentage budbreak and proportions of shoots in different length classes. Daily photosynthesis was modelled from rectangular hyperbolic functions determined for both sun and shade leaves and simulated from calculated light interception. Canopy leaf area, photosynthesis and PFDs within the canopy, obtained from measurements from vines grown in the orchard, were used to test the model. Close agreement occurred between the simulated and measured canopy leaf area development, and also between simulated and measured rates of photosynthesis. Total carbon acquisition over the growing season, estimated at 11 kg vine–1, compared closely with measured increments in vine biomass over the growing season. Results thus confirm the physiologically based model to be readily scalable to whole vines growing in orchard conditions.

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Effect of Mg, Zn and Mo salts on nitrate reductase activity and soluble protein content in leaves ofQuercus serrata

Biologia Plantarum ◽

10.1007/bf02921187 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. K. Ghosh ◽

R. C. Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Protein Content ◽

Soluble Protein ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Soluble Protein Content

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Effects of fruiting on the growth of Arabica coffee trees as related to carbohydrate and nitrogen status and to nitrate reductase activity

Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal ◽

10.1590/s0103-31312001000100008 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 66-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

JOSÉ A.T. AMARAL ◽

FÁBIO M. DA MATTA ◽

ALEMAR B. RENA

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Fruit Removal ◽

Time Activity ◽

Eastern Brazil ◽

Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽

Leaf Nitrate ◽

Coffea Arabica L

Active vegetative and reproductive growth in field-grown trees of Coffea arabica L. in Viçosa (20º45’S, 650 m altitude), south-eastern Brazil, occur concurrently. The overall patterns of branch growth and leaf area gain were to a certain extent altered by fruit removal, with growth rates being remarkably greater in de-fruited trees. The content of N-NO3 was not affected by fruiting, whilst that of amino-N was greater in de-fruited than fruiting trees most of the time, but the differences were not large enough to have significantly contributed to the increased growth rates in de-fruited trees. Leaf nitrate reductase activity was greater in plants bearing fruit than in non-bearing ones most of the time; activity was roughly inversely associated with growth. Although the roots contained much more nitrate than the leaves, the root nitrate reductase activity was much lower and not affected by fruiting. Much of the restrictive effects of fruiting on vegetative growth appeared to be associated to starch exhaustion, in addition to the outstanding effect of supra-optimum temperatures per se.

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The diversity and physiological activities of weeds in land cultivated with various corn cultivars and fertilized with various nitrogen doses

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200302 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 622-628

Author(s):

MUJI RAHAYU ◽

PRAPTO YUDONO ◽

DIDIK INDRADEWA ◽

EKO HANUDIN

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Block Design ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Area Index ◽

Dactyloctenium Aegyptium

Abstract. Rahayu M, Yudono P, Indradewa D, Hanudin E. 2019. The diversity and physiological activities of weeds in land cultivated with various corn cultivars and fertilized with various nitrogen doses. Biodiversitas 20: 622-628. Both weeds and corn have nutrient needs. Nitrogen is one of the essential elements required by weeds and corn. Each corn cultivar and weed also has different ability to absorb nitrogen. This study aimed to determine the effect of corn cultivar and nitrogen dose on the diversity and physiological activities of weeds. The research was conducted in Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta from December 2016 to May 2017. The study used a completely randomized block design with 2 factors with three replications. The first factor was corn cultivar, consisting of four cultivars (Bisi 18, NK 33, DK 95 and Sukmaraga) and the second factor was the nitrogen dose, consisting of three levels (25 kg N ha-1, 150 kg N ha-1 and 275 kg N ha-1). The data were analyzed using 5% variance analysis and continued with Duncan test at 5% level. The results showed that the most commonly found weeds were broadleaves, but the most dominant weed was a grass, namely Dactyloctenium aegyptium, except Sukmaraga with nitrogen doses of 25 kg ha-1 and 150 kg ha-1 in 4 weeks after planting (WAP). In 8 WAP, weeds that grew in land planted with all combinations of cultivars and nitrogen doses were Cyperus rotundus, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Digitaria ciliaris, Eleusine indica, Eragrostis tenella, Amaranthus spinosus, and Richardia scabra. There were no significant differences on the nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, and dry weight among cultivars. The treatment of 25 kg N ha-1 resulted in the lowest leaf area index and total chlorophyll content, but the highest nitrate reductase activity.

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