EFFECTS OF NITROGEN SOURCE, METHOD OF PLACEMENT AND SOIL TYPE ON SEEDLING EMERGENCE AND BARLEY CROP YIELDS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. TOEWS ◽  
R. J. SOPER
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity

An inverse correlation between seedling damage caused by urea drilled with the seed and soil cation exchange capacity was determined in eight field trials conducted on soils with a wide range in cation exchange capacity and pH. Seedling damage increased with increasing rates of urea nitrogen and seriously affected potential grain yields of Conquest barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Drilled NH4NO3 caused greater grain yield increases than drilled urea in a manner inversely related to the seedling damage caused by urea. Drilled NH4NO3 caused greater yield increases than broadcast and incorporated NH4NO3 at 22.4 and 44.8 kg/ha over the 2-yr period. The NH4NO3 broadcast and incorporated in the soil caused greater yield increases than urea similarly applied. The magnitude of the difference was related to soil cation exchange capacity and pH which jointly influenced the quantity of NH3 volatilized.

Effect of CaCO3 Form on Soil Inherent Quality Properties of Calcareous Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 1002 ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ismail Umer ◽  
Shayma Mohammad Rajab ◽  
Hajeen Khalil Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Inherent Quality

Four soil samples different in there CaCO3 forms contents (total, active and active /total CaCO3) were taken from tillage horizon 0-30 cm depth to study the impacts of CaCO3 form on some soil inherent quality indicators in calcareous soils. Result revealed that the total CaCO3 forms have a great influence on particle size distribution to make it coarser in general comparing with the absence of CaCO3 with soil particles. The increase of active /total (A/T CaCO3%) till 50% has a positive effect on increasing soil electrical conductivity E.C ds.m-1, while increment of A/T CaCO3 over 50% till 70% detrimentally reduced soil E.C ds.m-1 hundred fold. The elevation of (A/T CaCO3%) has inverse correlation with soil cation exchange capacity (CEC Cmole.kg soil). the elevation of (A/T CaCO3%) has inverse correlation with soil cation exchange capacity (CEC Cmole.kg soil) the (A/T CaCO3%) ratio over 56% till 69% significantly improves the mean weight diameter and macro aggregate. In general the optimum total CaCO3 for micro aggregate formation may not exceed 20%. The best Total and (A/T CaCO3%) for better aggregate stability is between 20 to 48% . The proper total calcium carbonate for better total heterotrophic aerobic bacterial activity is around 20% . The best growth of the Azotobacter species which is belonging to non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria is obtained when total CaCO3 ranges between 10-20% or between 48-56% of (A/T CaCO3%).

Field amelioration of acidic soils in south-east Queensland. I. Effect of amendments on soil properties

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Aitken ◽  
P. W. Moody ◽  
T. Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Ph Buffer

Replicated field trials with rates of lime ranging up to 8 t/ha were conducted at each of 27 sites in south-east Queensland. At 16 of these sites, single rates (2 t/ha) of gypsum or phosphogypsum were also applied. Soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected from each plot and analysed for pH in both water (pHw) and 0·01 M CaCl2 (pHCa), for electrical conductivity, exchangeable cations, and extractable Al and Mn. Gypsum application resulted in either a general trend for, or significant (P < 0·05), reductions in pHw but had no significant effect on pHCa. The relationship between rate of applied lime and soil pH at each site permitted the calculation of pH buffer capacity for a wide range of soil types and properties. The pH increase per t applied lime ranged from 0·14 to 0·82 and from 0·16 to 0·63 for pH measured in water and 0·01 M CaCl2, respectively, reflecting the range in pH buffer capacity which was significantly correlated with organic carbon. Multiple regression indicated that organic carbon and clay significantly contributed to the variation in pH buffer capacity but only around 40% of the variation could be accounted for. The pH values at which Al saturation was reduced to 10% ranged from 4·82 to 6·02 (pHw) and from 4·26 to 4·93 (pHCa) and indicated that if neutralising exchangeable Al is the basis for liming, then no single target pH value will be appropriate for all soils. However, the target pH at which Al saturation would be reduced to 10% could be predicted from the initial pH and initial Al saturation. The effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) was increased by liming at all sites and the additional exchange capacity was occupied by Ca. This increased Ca saturation was not necessarily at the expense of exchangeable K and Mg, which were significantly (P < 0·05) reduced at only a few sites. The increase in ECEC for a unit increase in pH ranged from 0·5 to 9 cmol(+)/kg and at some sites represented a doubling of the soil"s cation exchange capacity.

Modeling soil cation exchange capacity using soil parameters: Assessing the heuristic models

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Shiri ◽  
Ali Keshavarzi ◽  
Ozgur Kisi ◽  
Ursula Iturraran-Viveros ◽  
Ali Bagherzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity

scholarly journals Exchange Characteristics of Lead, Zinc, and Cadmium in Selected Tropical Soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tope O. Bolanle-Ojo ◽  
Abiodun D. Joshua ◽  
Opeyemi A. Agbo-Adediran ◽  
Ademola S. Ogundana ◽  
Kayode A. Aiyeyika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
High Base

Conducting binary-exchange experiments is a common way to identify cationic preferences of exchangeable phases in soil. Cation exchange reactions and thermodynamic studies of Pb2+/Ca2+, Cd2+/Ca2+, and Zn2+/Ca2+were carried out on three surface (0–30 cm) soil samples from Adamawa and Niger States in Nigeria using the batch method. The physicochemical properties studies of the soils showed that the soils have neutral pH values, low organic matter contents, low exchangeable bases, and low effective cation exchange capacity (mean: 3.27 cmolc kg−1) but relatively high base saturations (≫50%) with an average of 75.9%. The amount of cations sorbed in all cases did not exceed the soils cation exchange capacity (CEC) values, except for Pb sorption in the entisol-AD2 and alfisol-AD3, where the CEC were exceeded at high Pb loading. Calculated selectivity coefficients were greater than unity across a wide range of exchanger phase composition, indicating a preference for these cations over Ca2+. TheKeqvalues obtained in this work were all positive, indicating that the exchange reactions were favoured and equally feasible. These values indicated that the Ca/soil systems were readily converted to the cation/soil system. The thermodynamic parameters calculated for the exchange of these cations were generally low, but values suggest spontaneous reactions.

WHEAT YIELDS AND CHANGE IN CATIONS AFTER LEACHING SOIL WITH WATER CONTAINING INCREASING RATES OF POTASSIUM REFINERY DUST

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
A. K. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity

Leaching a silt loam soil (cation exchange capacity 23 meq/100 g) with water containing increasing rates of potassium dust (KCl) indicated that high levels adversely affected germination and yields of wheat as well as response to fertilizer. Germination was greatly reduced by the treatment with 22.4 metric tons per hectare and nearly eliminated by 44.8 tons. The 44.8-ton/ha treatment also greatly reduced the yield of grain, but straw weights were affected very little by increasing rates of potassium dust. Response to fertilizer was also reduced by 22.4 and 44.8 tons. The exchangeable Ca and Mg decreased and K increased as increasing amounts of K dust were leached through the soil. The 44.8-ton treatment decreased the exchangeable Ca from 56.0 to 24.9% and the Mg from 21.2 to 4.9%, and increased the K from 7.2 to 51.9%. It would appear that K salts can be added to the soil, without any adverse effects, until the exchangeable K is increased to about 30%. With the soil under study this took more than 11.2 tons per ha (5 short tons/acre). The application of dolomite ameliorated the effect of excess K.

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