The use of annual legume green-manure crops as a substitute for summerfallow in the Peace River region

Field studies were conducted on a Landry clay-loam soil (Black Solod) to evaluate the effects of green manuring Tangier flatpea (Lathyrus tingitanus 'Tinga'), lentil (Lens culinaris 'Indianhead') and alfalfa (Medicago sativa 'Moapa') on subsequent barley (Hordeum vulgare 'Galt') crops. Each trial consisted of separate legume phases planted in 1984, 1985 and 1986 and barley phases in each of the subsequent years. The flatpea and lentil were incorporated (green manured) in late July or in late August to early September. The alfalfa was incorporated in late August to early September. The 3-yr mean dry matter (DM) yields of lentil and Tangier flatpea varied from 1047 to 2308 kg ha−1, with considerable variability from year to year. Alfalfa, used as an annual legume, produced 812 kg DM ha−1. Dinitrogen fixation by the annual legumes, as assayed by acetylene reduction was 16 kg N ha−1 or less. Soil moisture measurements following the legumes showed 2–3 cm less water in the profile to a depth of 120 cm following alfalfa and late-incorporated Tangier flatpea than following summerfallow and early-incorporated lentil and Tangier flatpea. Ammonium-N levels in the soil were similar following the various legume green-manure treatments. Nitrate-N levels following the legumes were variable, but the levels of nitrate-N in the plots following legume incorporation generally followed the order: fallow > early incorporation > late incorporation. The grain and N yield of barley following early-incorporated lentil and flatpea were equal to or only slightly less than the yield following fallow, suggesting that annual legumes have a good potential as green-manure crops in place of fallow in Black Solod soils of the Peace River region. Key words: Legume plow-down, soil conservation, dinitrogen fixation, soil moisture, nitrate-N

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Productivity, water use and nitrogen fixation of annual-legume green-manure crops in the Dark Brown soil zone of Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-017 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 139-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

L. Townley-Smith ◽

A. E. Slinkard ◽

L. D. Bailey ◽

V. O. Biederbeck ◽

W. A. Rice

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Green Manure ◽

Green Manure Crop ◽

Brown Soil ◽

Soil Zone ◽

Seed Crops ◽

Green Manure Crops ◽

Legume Green Manure

Both large-seeded annual legumes (pulse crops) and small-seeded annual or perennial legumes (forage crops) fix nitrogen (N) and can improve soil organic matter and fertility when used for green manuring. The role of pulses as green-manure crops has not been adequately evaluated in the Prairies, as they have been grown primarily as cash seed crops. An experiment was conducted in the Dark Brown soil zone at Saskatoon over four growing seasons on a moderately heavy-textured soil to determine the productivity, nitrogen fixation and soil moisture use of pea (Pisum sativum L. ’Trapper’), faba bean (Vicia faba L. ’Outlook’), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. ’Eston’ and ’Indianhead’), Tangier flatpea (Lathyrus tingitanus L. ’Tinga’) and seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Moapa’) as green-manure substitutes for summerfallow. Dry-matter production (above ground) by full bloom averaged 6390, 4140, 3590, 2930 and 1260 kg ha−1 for pea, lentil, faba bean, Tangier flatpea and seedling alfalfa, respectively. Nitrogen yields were 166, 108, 119, 81 and 36 kg ha−1 and N fixation rates were 40, 15, 40, 24 and 4 kg ha−1 for pea, lentil, faba bean, Tangier flatpea and seedling alfalfa, respectively. Green-manure used similar amounts of water as wheat grown to maturity. Snow trapping by desiccating the standing green-manure crop was ineffective in increasing soil water in the spring. Low seeding rate and thus low cost of production made lentil the most reasonable choice as an annual-legume green-manure crop. However, improved methods of water conservation must be found to replace the water used to grow the green-manure crop. Key words: Pea, lentil, faba bean, Tangier flatpea, green manure, soil moisture

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Estimation of snowmelt runoff in the Peace River region using a soil moisture budget

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss93-050 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 489-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

H. N. Hayhoe ◽

R. G. Pelletier ◽

L. J. P. van Vliet

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Snow Depth ◽

Frozen Soil ◽

Moisture Budget ◽

Snowmelt Runoff ◽

Peace River ◽

Erosion Prediction ◽

Spring Runoff ◽

River Region ◽

Soil Moisture Budget

Rainfall and snowmelt runoff on soil frozen below the surface are recognized as important factors contributing to soil loss in Canada. The risk of rain on frozen soil has been quantified, and the amount of snowmelt on frozen soil has been estimated. This study extends such research to derive a climate-based model to estimate winter and spring runoff. This could result in a more accurate erosion prediction for areas where snowmelt is a major source for runoff. Selected components of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model and the versatile soil moisture budget (VB) were tested on observed data for two study sites in the Peace River region. The version of the WEPP model available to us estimated snow depth, soil frost depth and frequency of freeze–thaw cycles. However, the results did not adequately match observed data. The VB was modified in this study to improve the estimate of potential winter and spring runoff, and it was shown that incorporating observations of snow depth improved the estimate of the time and amount of snowmelt runoff. The modified runoff model was validated with data collected in the Peace River area of northern Alberta and British Columbia and with published data from the Prairies. Key words: Snowmelt, runoff, soil moisture budget

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Chemical compositions of cuticular waxes on stems and leaves of three legume green manure crops

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2020.94048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 131-139

Author(s):

Qian-Lin XIAO ◽

Rui-Ji YANG ◽

Xin GUO ◽

Lei HUANG ◽

Yan-Jun GUO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Cuticular Waxes ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

Green Manure Crops ◽

Legume Green Manure

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Soil moisture regimes under summerfallow, wheat and red fescue in the upper peace river region

Agricultural Meteorology ◽

10.1016/0002-1571(66)90014-8 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 3 (5-6) ◽

pp. 311-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A.C. Carder ◽

A.M.F. Hennig

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Red Fescue ◽

Peace River ◽

Moisture Regimes ◽

River Region

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THE DYNAMICS OF THE EXCHANGE OF POTASSIUM AND A BALANCE OF NUTRIENTS IN LEACHED CHERNOZEM UNDER GREEN MANURING

Innovations and Food Safety ◽

10.31677/2311-0651-2019-24-2-138-144 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 138-144

Author(s):

L. P. Galeeva

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Field Studies ◽

Leached Chernozem ◽

Mobile Phosphorus ◽

Positive Balance ◽

Yield Capacity ◽

Potassium Exchange ◽

Green Manure Crops

In field studies found that when plowing green mass of green manure in leached Chernozem accumulates from 60 to 140 kg/ha of potassium exchange. Most of it is found in green manure pairs with phacelia and pea mixture. Only a couple of phacelia creates a positive balance of potassium in the soil, in other pairs, the deficit amounted to 30–80 kg/ha. Stocks of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was varied in the range of 60–80 kg/ha, and the highest they have been in the green manure a couple of phacelia. Nitrogen balance in soil in all green manure pairs is positive. The reserves of mobile phosphorus in pairs made up of 12–15 kg/ha, and its deficiency is 50–80 kg/ha. maximum yield capacity of wheat and its addition to a clean pair obtained in the green manure a couple of phacelia – 25 and 32 kg/ha and 25 and 46 %, respectively. To obtain high and stable yields of spring wheat, maintain potash status and a positive balance of nutrients in leached chernozems as green manure crops, it is advisable to recommend growing pea mixture and phacelia.

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Effect of in situ incorporation of legume green manure crops on nutrient bioavailability, productivity and uptake of maize

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904167.2021.2005802 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Y. Sandhya Rani ◽

P. Jamuna ◽

U. Triveni ◽

T. S. S. K. Patro ◽

N. Anuradha

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Nutrient Bioavailability ◽

Green Manure Crops ◽

Legume Green Manure

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EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION AND N AND P FERTILIZER ON YIELDS OF SPRING WHEAT GROWN ON A BLACK CHERNOZEMIC CLAY

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-134 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 965-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. P. ZENTNER ◽

C. A. CAMPBELL ◽

E. D. SPRATT ◽

H. REISDORF

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Green Manure ◽

Average Rate ◽

Soil Tests ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Yield Increase ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Green Manure Crops ◽

Crop Sequence ◽

Legume Green Manure

The effects of crop sequence, rotation length, and fertilization on yields of spring wheat were examined for 14 crop rotations over a 25-yr period on a Black Chernozemic heavy clay soil at Indian Head, Saskatchewan. Plots that were fertilized with N and P received the generally recommended rates for the region during the first 18 yr but in the last 7 yr fertilizers were applied based on soil tests. Yields of fertilized wheat grown on fallow were similar for the 2-yr fallow-wheat and the 3-yr fallow-wheat-wheat rotations (25-yr avg. 2505 kg ha−1). Yields of fertilized wheat grown on stubble were also similar within the monoculture rotations. During the first 18 yr, yields of fertilized stubble-wheat averaged 1656 kg ha−1 or about 64% of comparable fallow-wheat yields; but, during the last 7 yr, stubble-wheat yields were generally similar to those obtained on fertilized fallow. Removal of the straw each year from a 3-yr fallow-wheat-wheat rotation did not affect fallow- or stubble-wheat yields. Application of recommended rates of N and P fertilizer increased the 25-yr fallow-wheat yields by 11% (from 2254 to 2505 kg ha−1); the yield increases were significant about 70% of the time. On stubble, application of N and P fertilizer increased wheat yields by 47% (from 1130 to 1656 kg ha−1) during 1960–1977 and by 142% (from 935 to 2263 kg ha−1) during 1978–1984. The yield increase from fertilizing stubble-wheat was significant in 24 of 25 yr. Including grass-legume forage, or legume green manure crops in the rotation increased yields of wheat grown on the unfertilized partial fallow by 15–24% and on unfertilized stubble by 33–71%; the yields were similar and sometimes higher than those obtained on fallow in the well-fertilized monoculture wheat rotations. In comparison, the yields of unfertilized stubble-wheat in the cereal-forage rotations were generally similar to those obtained on fertilized stubble in monoculture rotations during 1960–1977, though they were lower during 1978–1984 when the monoculture rotations began receiving fertilizer based on soil tests. Yields of wheat grown on flax stubble that received fertilizer at the average rate of 68 kg ha−1 N plus 22 kg ha−1 P2O5 since 1978 were generally similar to yields obtained on fertilized fallow (avg. 2546 kg ha−1). These yields averaged 13% higher than yields of wheat grown on cereal stubble in monoculture rotations that received slightly more fertilizer N. Yields of fallow- and stubble-wheat were generally maintained over time with the application of recommended rates of N and P fertilizers, or by inclusion of legume-forage crops in the rotation, but yields of unfertilized stubble-wheat declined with time possibly reflecting declining soil fertility.Key words: Wheat, nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer, crop sequence, cereal forage rotations, legume green manure crops

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The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.92.62-68 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (92) ◽

pp. 62-68

Author(s):

R. Holod ◽

О. Bilinska ◽

H. Shubala

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Water Regime ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Field Crop ◽

Soil Water Regime ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Arable Farming ◽

Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

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