The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. Holod ◽  
О. Bilinska ◽  
H. Shubala
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FIELD CROP ROTATION IN OPTIMIZATION OF OF SOWING AREAS STRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Валерий Чибис ◽  
Valeriy Chibis ◽  
Светлана Чибис ◽  
Svetlana Chibis ◽  
Илья Кутышев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Oil Crops

In a long-term places, located on the experimental fields of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk), the schemes of field crop rotations were modernized by introducing oil crops (rapeseed, soybean) into rotation and replacing the repeated wheat crops with barley and oats. Accounting of grain crops productivity and accompanying observations were carried out in three field rotations of different lengths of rotation (four- and five-field) and on permanent sowing. The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The system of agrotechnical measures recommended for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia was applied. The study of predecessors in the cultivation of crops for various purposes was carried out in field experiments using conventional methods. The humus content for rotation in the soil layer of 0-40 cm increased by 0.19% in the crop rotation “rapeseed - wheat spring wheat - barley - soybean - spring wheat”. The largest accumulation of humus (0.83%) was in the rotation “soybean - spring wheat - barley – oats”. During the years of research wheat productivity varied from 0.82 to 2.22 tons per hectare. Wheat was the first crop in all its predecessors to form grains, on average, by 0.3-0.5 tons per hectare, than the second crop. The yield of soybeans in the crop rotation was 1.23-1.78 tons per hectare. The productivity of rapeseed was low, its productivity over the years was 1.31 tons per hectare. Grain-fodder crops (barley, oats) averaged 0.4-0.6 tons per hectare, higher than the spring wheat productivity in the alternating rotation. The maximum yield of grain from a hectare of arable land was noted in the crop-steam rotation and amounted to 1.7 tons. An increase in the yield of feed-protein units was observed in crop rotations saturated with oil crops (rapeseed and soybean) and amounted to 3.4-4.0 tons per hectare. The economic calculation showed that the cultivation of field crops in the rotational crop rotation of “soybean - wheat - barley – oats” increased profitability by 44%, net income - by half, in comparison with the control variant. The obtained materials can be used to develop schemes of field crop rotations for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

scholarly journals Improvement of crop rotations aimed at increasing their efficiency and conserving soil fertility in conditions of biological intensification

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-477
Author(s):  
L. M. Kozlova ◽  
E. N. Noskova ◽  
F. A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Bare Fallow

The long-term research conducted in 2002-2017 in a long stationary experiment on studying different types of field crop rotations under conditions of the Kirov region showed that on sod-podzolic soils the loss of humus could be lowered using agro technical methods. The most critical of them include the reduction of a portion of bare fallow, transition to sown and green-manure fallow, expanded use of perennial legume and grain-legume crops and intercrop sowings. In eight-field crop rotations when using such means of a biologization as plowing of the root-stubble residues, aboveground mass of green-manure crops in fallow fields and intercrop sowings, the supply of organic substance was within 17.24-83.03 t/ha. By mineral-ization of this substance 7.64-11.51 t of humus were produced. In a crop rotation with bare fallow there is a negative balance of humus of -0.06 t/ha. The positive balance is obtained when using sown, green-manure fallows, intercrop sowings (two-three fields), and introduction of up to 25% perennial legumes to the structure of crop rotations. The formation of 0.96-1.44 t/ha of humus in the arable layer provides positive balance of 0.20-0.72 t/ha. The increase of the part of grain crops up to 62.5-75.0% in the structure of crop rotations resulted in rise of their efficiency up to 4.74-4.79 thousand fodder units. It was 0.27-0.32 thousand fodder units higher than in the control crop rotation with bare fallow. Dependence of productivity of agricultural crops on humus content was insignificantly negative (r = -0.16). The efficiency of the studied crop rotations depended considerably on the amount of productive moisture in the soil in a phase of ear formation of grain crops (r = -0.78) and on biological activity of the soil (r = -0.80).

scholarly journals Influence of means of chemicalixation on efficiency of field crop rotations in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Valerii Viktorovich Chibis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Feed Protein

Results of researches of efficiency in short crop rotation with busy steam are given in this article. Researches were conducted in the Omsk district of the Omsk region on typical black soil, with the maintenance of humus of 6.7% (in a layer of earth of 0-30 cm).  Cultivation of field cultures against the background of application of means of chemicalixation was carried out in a crop rotation the occupied steam (green manure) – wheat – barley – oats. During the conducted researches the quantity and dynamics of moisture, the maintenance of the main macrocells in the soil, and efficiency of all crop rotation was defined. The received results allow to draw a conclusion that in a crop rotation with busy steam and four fields at application of means of chemicalixation the increase of a harvest of the first wheat for 45.2%, barley repeatedly 31.5% and oats for 9.9% is noted. Application of fertilizers, at the rate of N30P30 on 1 hectare of an arable land, and herbicides, provided increase in productivity grain on 0.53 t/hectare, an exit of grain of 0.44 t/hectare, and feed-protein units to 1.29 t/hectare. The resulting materials can be used in the development of crop rotations schemes for forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of biologization predecessors and methods in increasing grain crops productivity and field crop rotations productivity in Nizhneje Povolzhje region

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
A V Zelenev ◽  
O G Chamurliev ◽  
Yu A Laptina ◽  
L V Gubina ◽  
O N Romenskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Organic Matter Input ◽  
Growing Crop

Abstract Researches on the study of predecessors and biologization techniques in field crop rotations were carried out in 2018-2020 in the dry steppe zone of the chestnut subzone of light chestnut soils of the Nizhneje Povolzhje region. It is necessary to grow biennial melilot for green manure as a fallow-growing crop in a grain-steam five-field crop rotation in order to increase the organic matter input into the soil. A significant increase in yield was achieved in chickpeas for winter wheat, its straw was plowed into the soil. The highest increase in the spring barley yield was provided during the chickpeas and sorghum cultivation, which straw entered the soil. When growing spring barley on safflower, its straw was plowed into the soil, the yield was also higher than the control variant. The highest grain yield was achieved in the control grain-fallow four-field crop rotation with complete fallow, where the cultivated crops straw was removed from the field and grain-fallow-grass green manure seven-field crop rotation with seed fallow, where straw and melilot were plowed into the soil. Grain-fallow seven-field and grain-fallow-grass-cultivated green manure seven-field crop rotations, where oats and phacelia straw and green manure mass entered the soil, were inferior to the control.

REACTION OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POTATO VARIETIES TO THE USE OF GREEN MANURE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Domestic Variety ◽  
Control Rotation

The article presents the productivity and quality of domestic and foreign potato varieties when grown in crop rotations with shortened rotation. As a green manure crop on control (permanent landing) we used mustard white after harvesting potatoes, in a two-field crop rotation-vicooat mixture, and in a three-field-rotationannual clover. The yield of potatoes of different varieties in crop rotations was significantly higher than in the control rotation. The prevalence of diseases in plantings and tubers on the background of 100% saturation was 1.5-2 times higher than in crop rotation. Plowing of green manure mass into the soil contributed to the containment of potato diseases. The most economically profitable are cultivation of a domestic variety Kolobok in crop rotations. Economic efficiency of growing potatoes in crop rotations with different degrees of saturation shows us that, on average, for 3 years, the most economically profitable cultivation of domestic variety Kolobok in the variants of 2 and 3 - full crop rotations, permanent culture are less effective. For example, the profit in the 2-pole crop rotation for the variety Kolobok amounted to 143 thousand rubles/ha, and in the 3-pole 193 thousand. rubles / ha, permanent culture-74 thousand rubles / ha (2-2. 5 times less). According to the variety Breeze, these indicators amounted to 133, 183 and 70 thousand rubles/ha, respectively.Cultivation of the Saturn variety was even less profitable, namely-112, 163 and 37 thousand rubles / ha, respectively.

scholarly journals PROTEIN AND ITS FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION IN GRAIN OF SPRING WHEATDEPENDING ON TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND WEED INFESTATION OF CROPS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Наталья Бакаева ◽  
Natalya Bakaeva ◽  
Ольга Салтыкова ◽  
Olga Saltykova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Middle Volga Region

The purpose of research is improvement of biochemical parameters of spring wheat grain quality. The studies were conducted in 2007-2010 in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region. The object of the study was the released varieties of Kinelskaya 59 spring soft wheat grain. The soil of experimental plot is typical chernozem medium loamy, medium. Spring wheat was placed in crop rotation and green manure with clean steam. In crop rotations the following fertilizer were used: no fertilizer application (control) and application N22P22K22 before sowing (azofoska of 1.4 t/ha). Spring wheat crops in 2007 were treated in tillering stage with herbicide Difezan (0.2 l/ha); in 2008 – in the phase of tillering herbicide Logran (10 g/ha). In crop rotations in three different systems of primary tillage were studied. Found that in crop rotation with bare fallow total protein content was little more than link with green manure and steam amounted to an average of 12.7 percent. This was contributed to the increase in the protein fractions of wheat globulins by more than 5% of glutelins more than 9 percent. Thus, when plowing by 20-22 cm increased the accumulation fraction of that prolamins, and fertilizing (N22P22K22) contributed more knock-tunately fractions albumins an average of more than 6% and globulins by 16%, which led to an increase in total protein more than 5% compared to zero tillage. Depending on the subtype of clogging of crops in crop rotation and green manure with clean steam fractional composition of grain increased in the variant without weeds. The fraction of albumin was higher on average by 13%, globulins 11%, glutelins 21%, and the fraction of Pro-laminam has changed slightly. Young and perennial subtypes clogging of the wheat crops reduced the protein content on average by 7-9% in comparison with the variant without weeds.

scholarly journals Corn productivity for grain in the short-rotary cultivation of the left bank forest-steppe depending on the fertilizer system

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Tsimbal ◽  
P.I. Boiko ◽  
I.V. Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
By Products

The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The aim of the research is to establish the influence of the structure, set and placement of field crops in a 4-field crop rotation for 100 % grain saturation on the overall productivity, yield and quality of corn grain in particular.The technology of growing crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area.Varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops entered into the State Register were sown in the experiment. Chemical plant protection products were used for the production of competitive commodity products of cereals.The results of studies conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, convincingly show that for highly specialized farms the most rational in this area are 4-field crop rotations. saturation with grain crops (winter wheat peas-corn for spring barley grain) using various fertilizer systems (without fertilizers), mineral (with the introduction of N60P60K60), organo-mineral (NPK + by-products of the predecessor), organic fertilizer systems (by-products of the predecessor)). The grain yield of corn depended on the fertilizer system and was in the range of 5.86–8.30 t/ha. Productivity of crop rotation area for harvesting from 1 ha of arable land with corn for grain in 4-field crop rotation was: grain – 4.54–6.29 tons, fodder units –7.48–10.47 tons; digestible protein – 0.60–0.84 tons. The economic efficiency of growing corn for grain in short-rotation crop rotation, depending on the fertilizer system, is: relatively net profit – 16.04–21.34 thousand UAH/ha, the level of profitability –112 –180 %.

Structure crop rotations and soil fertility tsenralnoy of zone Forest Steppe

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
A.V. Demidenko ◽  
I.S. Shapoval ◽  
P.I. Boiko ◽  
D.V. Litvinov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Positive Balance

It is rotined that in the modern terms of management in default of stock-raising and manure indemnification of elements of feed takes place due to uncommodity part of harvest, that is considered as biologithation of crop rotations. In 5 field crop rotations with a pea and herbares without top-dressing returning all uncommodity part, provides complete indemnification of makroelements feeding on potassium, and on nitrogen and phosphorus bal­ ance was negativ. At top-dressing in uncommodity part of harvest there was sufficient number of elements of feed for achievement of positive balance on nitrogen and phosphorus, and in medial 1 ga of crop rotation retorn: 22 kg of nitrogen, 33 kg of phosphorus and 102 kg of potassium.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

POTASSIUM BALANCE IN THE SOIL AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Н. M. Hospodarenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Heavy Loam ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Right

The influence of long-term application of different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation on the content of basic nutrients in grain and straw of spring barley has been established. The study was held in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The relative nutrients removal by spring barley depending on the doses of different types of fertilizers and their combinations in the field crop rotation is calculated. It is shown that the content of basic nutrients in the harvest of spring barley (grain and straw) significantly depends on the content of their mobile compounds in the soil. This is especially true of nitrogen and less of potassium. Economic removal of nutrients from the grain harvest of spring barley depends on the doses of fertilizers in the field crop rotation and the ratio of nutrients in them. The largest share is nitrogen (65–122 kg / ha), followed by K2O - 47–92 and P2O5 26–51 kg / ha. From 1 ton of grain and the corresponding amount of straw, spring barley of the Commander variety removes 19.2–22.4 kg of nitrogen, 7.8–9.2 - P2O5 and 14.0–16.8 kg of K2O from the soil, depending on the fertilizer and saturation of field crop rotation with different types of fertilizers. Straw is an important source of soil organic matter reproduction and the return of nutrients used for crop formation. Depending on the system of fertilization, 17–25% of nitrogen, 25–30% of phosphorus and 68–69% of potassium are returned to the soil with spring barley straw via economic removal. It is specified that spring barley of the Commander variety absorbs N, P2O5 and K2O in the following ratio: 1: 0,4: 0,3 to form a unit of grain yield and the corresponding amount of straw in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.

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