Improving Ionic Exchange Process of Potassium in Poor Soils by Bentonite

The current study was carried out to improve ionic exchange for potassium in sandy and gypsiferous soils to obtain an increase in absorption of potassium ions in NPK fertilizers, the improving process includes two stages; The first is adding NPK fertilizer with concentrations (0.020%, 0.040%, and 0.070%) by weight for two samples, the exchange potassium concentration was measured and notice the increasing from 124 ppm to 140 ppm in sandy soil and from156 ppm to 180 ppm in gypsiferous soil when using the highest concentration (0.070%), the second stage included adding grinded bentonite ore (10%, 20%,30%) by weight to the two samples after treated with NPK fertilizer in same concentrations above, potassium exchange increased to 340 ppm in sandy soil and to 450 ppm in gypsiferous soil by using NPK fertilizer and bentonite ore concentrate (0.070% & 30%) respectively.

Potassium Mobility Potential of Forest Soil In Kurdistan Region, Iraq, As Estimated By Quantity- Intensity (Q/I) Relationships

This study aimed to assess potassium(K) 's potential mobility for some soils located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Five soil samples were collected from a depth of (0-30) cm. For each sample, 5g of soil was equilibrated with 50 ml of 0.01 M CaCl2, amended with different K concentrations, and incubated for 24 h at 298 Kelvin. The supernatant was filtered, and K, Ca, and Mg were determined. Potassium exchange equilibrium was calculated from quantity-intensity (Q/I) isotherms. Mean AReK values for all studied soils ranged between 2.4x10-3 to 3.6x10-3(mol L-1)1/2, which reveals that K was preferentially held at inner potions. The amount of labile K(KL) ranged from 0.479 to 1.191cmolc kg-1 in studied soils. The highest value of KL was in Kanypanka while the lowest value was in Goizha. The potential buffering capacity (PBCK) was between 619.56 and 857.37 cmolc kg-1(mol L-1) -1/2. All studied soils were characterized by low percent K saturation and a high ability to replenish K concentration in the soil solution. Gapon selectivity coefficient was relatively high and ranged from 5.64 to 7.88 L mol-1. Higher values of KL indicate a greater K release into the soil solution. Such a high affinity of K to the solid soil phase was attributed to both the elevated organic matter content in these soils and their strong buffering capacities.

THE DYNAMICS OF THE EXCHANGE OF POTASSIUM AND A BALANCE OF NUTRIENTS IN LEACHED CHERNOZEM UNDER GREEN MANURING

In field studies found that when plowing green mass of green manure in leached Chernozem accumulates from 60 to 140 kg/ha of potassium exchange. Most of it is found in green manure pairs with phacelia and pea mixture. Only a couple of phacelia creates a positive balance of potassium in the soil, in other pairs, the deficit amounted to 30–80 kg/ha. Stocks of nitrate nitrogen in the soil was varied in the range of 60–80 kg/ha, and the highest they have been in the green manure a couple of phacelia. Nitrogen balance in soil in all green manure pairs is positive. The reserves of mobile phosphorus in pairs made up of 12–15 kg/ha, and its deficiency is 50–80 kg/ha. maximum yield capacity of wheat and its addition to a clean pair obtained in the green manure a couple of phacelia – 25 and 32 kg/ha and 25 and 46 %, respectively. To obtain high and stable yields of spring wheat, maintain potash status and a positive balance of nutrients in leached chernozems as green manure crops, it is advisable to recommend growing pea mixture and phacelia.

The composition and state of native and introduced woody species in the zone of railway transport influence in the Kola Polar region

The paper analyzes the state and the diversity of native and introduced woody plants used in landscaping railway stations in 5 cities of the Kola Polar region. The species composition is represented by 22 species, 16 genera, and 9 families. Sorbus gorodkovii (39%) is the most common among trees, Rosa rugosa (44%) is the most common among shrubs. The authors have observed two rare introduced woody species (Larix sibirica Ledeb., Syringa josikaea Jacq. fil.) included in Red Data Books of various ranks. 6 categories of plant state have been identified. Betula pubescens has the largest share of healthy plants among indigenous trees species, Malus baccata and Larix sibirica among introduced species, Rosa pimpinellifolia, Caragana arborescens, Crataegus sanguinea among shrubs in the station territories. Sorbus gorodkovii and Padus avium are in a critical state. The agrochemical soil study showed a low availability of nitrogen compounds and a high content of phosphorus and potassium exchange forms. It has been revealed that the main weakening causes are old age of plants, violation of maintenance technology, and failure to comply with environmental conditions.

Renal Sodium Handling in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

Background and Objectives: Neprhrotic Syndrome (NS) is a predictable complex with severe, prolonged increase in glomerular permeability for protein leading to hypo-albuminemia. Edema is the other major abnormality; but the underlying mechanism is incompletely resolved. Again during edema formation stage, some of these children express clinical symptoms of hypovolemia, while others do not. The purpose of the study was to identify the NS-children with hypovolemia by measuring the parameters of renal function in respect to their specificity and easy availability. Methods: We studied renal function in 17 children with NS in full blown nephrosis who had come to the Nephrology-Follow up Clinic or the OPD in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital (DSH) and got admitted into the hospital as nephrotic patients with relapses or 1st episodes. The period of study was July 2001 to December 2001 for total period of 6 months. Findings were related to presence or absence of symptoms suggestive of hypovolemia, and were compared to results of similar studies in the same children in remission. Results: Nine children presented with hypovolemic symptoms, and 8 without such symptoms. Both groups displayed severe proteinuria, hypo-albuminemia and edema. Twelve (70.5%) children showed higher blood pressure values in comparision to those of remission. Symptomatic patients showed tendency for a low glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and significantly impaired urine dilution, lower urine-sodium (UNa/Ucr), decreased fractional sodium excretion (FENa), and elevated sodium-potassium exchange quotient, UK/(UK+UNa). In the non-symptomatic patients, these parameters were normal. Conclusions: Among parameters of renal functions,UK/(UK+UNa)-sodium-potassium exchange quotient was found to be the most specific - higher values in hypovolemic patients and lower in patients with stable edema, and in remission too. Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2013; 3(1&2): 15-20