Row spacing and irrigation effects on water consumption of winter wheat in Taian, China

Management practices can have a major impact on the successful production of winter cereals. A field experiment was conducted with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) to compare the effects of two row spacing planting patterns (row width set at 30 cm, 30; or row widths set at a narrow row of 20 cm and a wide row of 40 cm, 20 + 40) and four irrigation schedules (no irrigation, T0; irrigation given at stem elongation stage, T1; at stem elongation and heading stage, T2; at stem elongation, heading and milk stage, T3) on yield, water use efficiency (WUE), evapotranspiration (ET) and soil water content (SWC) for the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 seasons at Taian, Shandong Province, China. Mean soil daily evaporation (Es) was greater in the wide row than the narrow row, and resulted in decreased SWC in the wide row. For the same irrigation treatment, no significant differences in changes of SWC and yield were found between the row-spacing planting patterns in either season. Differences in ET were found in 2005 with ET from the T0 treatment being much lower than the irrigated treatments for both planting patterns. During the cropping season in 2005, WUE of the T3 treatment was lower than from the T1 and T0 treatments at the same planting patterns. The WUE of the 20 + 40 planting pattern was lower than that of the 30 planting pattern with the same irrigation schedule, perhaps due to elevated levels of evaporation from the soil beneath the canopy and decreased yields for the 20 + 40 planting pattern. Therefore, based on WUE, the effect of the 30 planting pattern was better than that of the 20 + 40. Key words: Planting pattern, soil water content, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, grain yield, Triticum aestivum

Download Full-text

WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND WATER DISTRIBUTION RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT PLANTING PATTERNS IN MAIZE–SOYBEAN RELAY STRIP INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479716000260 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 159-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

TANZEELUR RAHMAN ◽

LIN YE ◽

XIN LIU ◽

NASIR IQBAL ◽

JUNBO DU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Crop Water ◽

Planting Pattern ◽

Leaf Transpiration ◽

Sole Cropping ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Narrow Row ◽

Strip Intercropping

SUMMARYUnderstanding crop water use in mixed crops over sole cropping is vital for developing optimum water management systems for crop production. In this study, a two-year field experiment with typical maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] relay strip intercropping (2:2 maize-to-soybean rows; 200 cm bandwidth) was carried out in the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. The quantitative effects of various planting patterns on the water-use efficiency (WUE) and water distribution were investigated. Our results indicated that soil volumetric water content and soil evaporation in the intercropping systems showed decreasing trends in the order: maize row (MM) < maize-to-soybean row (MS) < soybean row (SS). The highest leaf transpiration (1.91 and 2.07 mmol m−2 s−1) for the intercropped maize was measured in each of the two years in the 20 cm maize narrow-row planting pattern and decreased thereafter. Opposite trend was observed for the intercropped soybean; the highest soybean leaf transpiration (7.01 and 6.80 mmol m−2 s−1 for 2013 and 2014, respectively) was recorded in the 70 cm. The WUE of maize and soybean intercrops was lower than that of sole crop counterparts. However, the maximum group water use efficiency (GWUE) of 26.08 and 26.20 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the 40–50 cm maize narrow-row planting pattern was, respectively, 39.6% and 23% higher compared with that of sole crops. The water equivalent ratio (WER) values ranged from 1.60–1.79, suggesting better crop water use in the intercrops over sole cropping. Planting patterns provided by 40–50 cm maize narrow-row spacing were considered the most efficient in terms of maximum total yields, GWUE and WER. These results suggest that an appropriate reduction in the spacing of narrow maize row with wide soybean row could be an efficient crop management method to achieve optimal WUE and homogeneous water distribution in maize–soybean intercropping systems.

Download Full-text

Spacing between rows: effects on water-use efficiency of double-cropped wheat and soybean

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859613000890 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. 90-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

X. B. Zhou ◽

Y. H. Chen ◽

Z. Ouyang

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Population Distribution ◽

Northern China ◽

Plant Population ◽

High Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Net Return ◽

Use Efficiency

SUMMARYProductivity and water resource usage efficiency are crucial issues in sustainable agriculture. The aims of the present research were to compare and evaluate the soil moisture content (SMC), evapotranspiration (ETa), yield, water-use efficiency (WUE), and net return of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under different plant population distribution patterns and to identify the possible ways to improve water utilization. Using the same plant population for a given crop, the experiments consisted of four spacings between rows (row spacings) for winter wheat (cvar Shannong 919) under both rainfed and irrigated conditions and five row spacings for summer soybean (cvar Ludou 4) under rainfed conditions. For winter wheat, the stem number with row spacing of 49 cm was the lowest in all treatments. The SMC was enhanced by irrigation, particularly at the 10–40 cm depth. The yield and WUE were negatively correlated with row spacing and were greater with narrower row spacing than with wider rows. For soybean, SMC in uniform distribution (spacing between plants) treatments was greater at lower depths than at shallower depths for each row spacing treatment. A high yield, WUE and net return of winter wheat and soybean can be achieved with narrower row spacing. Combining winter wheat row spacing of 14 cm with soybean row spacing of 18 cm and soybean row spacing of 27 cm is a highly suitable planting system for the plains of Northern China.

Download Full-text

Effect of delayed irrigation at jointing stage on canopy temperature and leaf Water use efficiency of winter wheat in wide-precision planting pattern

Acta Ecologica Sinica ◽

10.5846/stxb201401130090 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (15) ◽

Author(s):

朗坤 LANG Kun ◽

刘泉汝 LIU Quanru ◽

卞城月 BIAN Chengyue ◽

刘馨惠 LIU Xinhui ◽

李全起 LI Quanqi

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Planting Pattern ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Jointing Stage ◽

Precision Planting

Download Full-text

In Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), No-Till Improves Photosynthetic Nitrogen and Water-Use Efficiency

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s12892-019-0122-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

Hazzar Habbib ◽

Bertrand Hirel ◽

Fabien Spicher ◽

Frédéric Dubois ◽

Thierry Tétu

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

No Till ◽

Use Efficiency

Download Full-text

Genetic Variability of Drought Adaptive Traits in Nepalese Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Germplasm

Hydro Nepal Journal of Water Energy and Environment ◽

10.3126/hn.v11i1.7208 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 64-68

Author(s):

Dipendra Pokharel ◽

Madhav Pandey

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Content ◽

Water Use ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Leaf Water Content ◽

Adaptive Traits ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Use Efficiency

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the major cereal crops vital for global food supply. Most of the wheat crop in developing world including that of Nepal is either grown with limited irrigation or under rainfed conditions and thus face moisture stress at one or more growth stages limiting grain yield. An experiment was carried out at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Nepal, to evaluate the genetic variability of selected drought adaptive traits in Nepalese wheat germplasm. The wheat genotypes evaluated comprised of Nepalese landraces and commercial cultivars, CIMMYT (International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement) derived advanced introduction lines and three checks with differential drought adaptability. The wheat genotypes were grown in pots (single plant) arranged in a replicated split plot design in greenhouse under two contrasting moisture regimes, optimum and moisture stressed. The genotypes were evaluated for water use, water use efficiency, relative leaf water content and biomass production. The ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) revealed significant variation between environments and among the wheat genotypes for most of the traits studied. A wide range of variability was observed for water use, water use efficiency, biomass yield and relative leaf water content in moisture stressed and non–stressed environments. Nepalese cultivar Gautam showed a number of favorable drought adaptive traits, whereas, Bhrikuti was average in this respect. Based on the scores of drought adaptive traits recently released Cultivar (cv). Vijay was characterized as drought sensitive. A number of landraces and advanced breeding lines showed high level of water use efficiency and other positive traits for drought adaptation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7208 Hydro Nepal Special Issue: Conference Proceedings 2012 pp.64-68

Download Full-text