Establishment of Entrepreneurial Character Santri Based on Human Resources Management

Objective: This research analysis about management human resources for santri Pondok Pesantren Darul Falah Amtsilati to manage academic and business personality. Research Design & Methods: This research uses qualitative research methods with case study approach. The data source in this study is primary data by conducting in-depth interviews to the manager (academic & business) and santri Pondok Pesantren Darul Falah Amtsilati. And observations were made to observe directly about the state of Darul Falah Amtsilati boarding school. Data analysis techniques use source triangulation. Findings: The results of this study showed that in the formation of the character of boarding schools Darul Falah Amtsilati using methods of precision, planting discipline, habituation, creating a conducive atmosphere, as well as integration and internalization. From the formation of the entrepreneurial character has been done based on the character of Islamic human resource. Where shiddiq is taught with honesty, trust by emphasizing responsibility, tabligh conveys correctly, and fathonah is realized by the selection of santri based on criteria. Implications & Recommendations: The implication of the results of this study is that the pesantren has used Islamic resource principles in the recruitment and learning process but needs to be improved or perfected in the implementation of learning by creating special classes for business character building. The aim is to help develop the quality of productive pesantren business managers. Contribution & Value Added: The contribution of the results of this study is to provide input to pesantren in improving the quality of prospective Islamic resources who will become managers of productive business activities of pesantren.

Precision planting impacts on winter cereal rye growth, nutrient uptake, spring soil temperature and adoption cost

Growing winter cereal rye (Secale cereale) (WCR) has been identified as an effective in-field practice to reduce nitrate-N and phosphorus (P) losses to Upper Mississippi River Basin, USA. In the Midwestern USA, growers are reluctant to plant WCR especially prior to corn (Zea mays L.) due to N immobilization and establishment issues. Precision planting of WCR or ‘skipping the corn row’ (STCR) can minimize some issues associated with WCR ahead of corn while reducing cover crop seed costs. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ‘STCR’ vs normal planting of WCR at full seeding rate (NP) on WCR biomass, nutrient uptake and composition in three site-yrs (ARC2019, ARC2020, BRC2020). Our results indicated no differences in cover crop dry matter biomass production between the STCR (2.40 Mg ha−1) and NP (2.41 Mg ha−1) supported by similar normalized difference vegetative index and plant height for both treatments. Phosphorus, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) accumulation in aboveground biomass was only influenced by site-yr and both STCR and NP removed similar amount of P, K, Ca and Mg indicating STCR could be as effective as NP in accumulating nutrients. Aboveground carbon (C) content (1086.26 kg h−1 average over the two treatments) was similar between the two treatments and only influenced by site-yr differences. Lignin, lignin:N and C:N ratios were higher in STCR than NP in one out of three site-yrs (ARC2019) indicating greater chance of N immobilization when WCR was planted later than usual. Implementing STCR saved $8.4 ha−1 for growers and could incentivize growers to adopt this practice. Future research should evaluate corn response to STCR compared with NP and assess if soil quality declines by STCR practice over time.

Дослідження впливу системи точного висіву «precision planting delta force» на якісні показники посіву та врожайність культур

Здійснюючи вибір типу посівних машин та їхніх параметрів, слід зважати на цілий комплекс чинників, зокрема, глибину посіву, тип ґрунту, вологість, наявність рослинних решток, особливості сорту тощо, а також слід враховувати неоднорідність ґрунтових умов в межах одного поля. Аналіз експериментальних даних дав можливість визначити оптимальні параметри швидкості руху посівного агрегату при яких можливо виконати технологічний процес сівби соняшника та кукурудзи на зерно з забезпеченням максимальних значень якісних показників. При роботі посівних агрегатів досліджено рівномірність глибини сівби насіння при трьох різних швидкостях з використанням системи Delta Force і без неї. Для сівби використовували сівалку точного висіву John Deere 24 Row Planter. Вимірювання показників проводили при робочих швидкостях 6 – 7 км/год., 8 – 9 км/год. та 9 – 12 км/год. Так нами було визначено, що найбільш оптимальним діапазоном робочих швидкостей посівного агрегату є 8 – 9 км/год. При використанні системи Delta Force, вдається забезпечити збільшення значень якісних показників роботи агрегату. При порівнянні врожайності на досліджуваних ділянках, кращі результати зафіксовано також на ділянці, де посів виконувався з використанням системи Delta Force. Беручи до уваги те, що кліматичні умови, забезпечення вологою та поживними речовинами на обох ділянках для кожної культури були однаковими, можна зробити висновок, що саме більш якісний посів соняшнику та кукурудзи з використанням системи Delta Force дозволив досягнути підвищення врожайності.

Distribution of corn plants in a pneumatic system with different vacuum pressure adjustments and seed sieves

The use of seeders with pneumatic distribution systems is increasingly demanding for plantation of corn crop. Knowledge about the operation and adjustments of the components of agricultural machines is fundamental to increase the good distribution of plants and to ensure higher productivity. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the influence of the size of the corn seed sieve under different vacuum pressure regulations on a pneumatic distribution system, to understand the longitudinal uniformity of the plants, as well as the final and individual productivity per plant. The vSet® (Precision Planting®) pneumatic distribution system equipped with 4 corn seed sieves (C1, C4, R1, and R4) subjected to 4 different vacuum pressure adjustments (7, 12, 17 and 22 in H2O-1) was applied as treatments on corn hybrid 30F53VYH. The design used was that of randomized blocks, with subdivided plots and 4 replications. The main plot presented the vacuum pressures and the subplots presented the sieves, each composed of two sowing lines of 20 m in length. The results showed that low vacuum pressure resulted in increased unevenness between corn spacings and consequently lower yield. Smaller sieves showed less gaps and higher percentages of normal spacing. The larger sieves showed higher standard deviation and more gaps. Regular and uneven gaps provided a higher number of grains per row, higher number of grains per corn spike and a higher grain yield per corn spike.

Carbon emission and water use efficiency response to tillage methods and planting patterns of winter wheat in the North China Plain

Background Implementing sustainable farming practices for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the North China Plain may be a way to reduce carbon emissions. No tillage generally results in less net CO2 loss from farmland, but no tillage also reduces the grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat. Wide-precision planting of winter wheat may enhance the grain yield and WUE; however, it is not known precisely how tillage and planting patterns affect CO2 exchange, grain yield and WUE. Methods In this study, two tillage methods (conventional tillage, T and no tillage, NT) and two planting patterns (conventional planting, C and wide-precision planting, W) were used in two consecutive winter wheat growing seasons. Results Compared with the T treatments, the NT treatments had significantly lower cumulative net CO2 emissions in 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 (30.8 and 21.3%, respectively), and had lower grain yields (9.0 and 9.4%, respectively) and WUE (6.0 and 7.2%, respectively). The W treatments had a compensating effect on grain yield failure and reduced cumulative net CO2 emissions more than C treatments, thereby increasing WUE, reducing carbon emissions per unit water consumption, and increasing the yield carbon utilization efficiency (YCUE). The lowest cumulative CO2 emissions and highest YCUE were observed for NT with W treatment. Results from this analogous tillage experiment indicated that NT and W farming practices provide an option for reducing carbon emissions and enhancing WUE and YCUE for sustainable winter wheat development.

A Standard Methodology for Evaluation of Mechanical Maize Seed Meters for Smallholder Farmers Comparing Devices from Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia

Precision planting represents an opportunity for farmers to increase income. Seeders and associated seed meters are prerequisite to achieve optimal plant density. However, to assure seed meter performance in smallholder conditions, a comprehensive procedure is lacking. This study develops a methodology for mechanical maize meter evaluation that compares diverse meters in terms of seed singulation, seed damage, and spatial distribution. An experiment assessed 10 m, representing roller types, and inclined, vertical, and horizontal plates collected from various continents and representative of commonly used devices by smallholders. A conveyer-belt setup allowed for seed distribution analysis and the influence of vibration and topography on the seed singulation was determined. Results revealed that a rotational velocity of 20 revolutions per minute (RPM) was optimum for most meters, while all complied with the norm NMX-O-168-SCFI-2009 in terms of seed damage. Independent of the singulation mechanism, devices with the ability to adjust to seed size performed better. The Fitarelli horizontal plate, followed by the BARI-9 inclined plate meter, are considered ‘best-bet’ performers. Although, considering absolute efficiency, two inclined plate devices worked at near-perfect performance with large seeds. Our study develops a low-cost methodology, easily replicated and implemented, and provides a baseline for continued research on seed meter evaluation.

Simulation of Sesame Seeds Outflow in Oscillating Seed Metering Device Using DEM

Introduction. Sesame crop is one of the most important export crops in many countries around the world, especially in Africa. To meet the agricultural requirement of precision planting, various types of precision seed planters have been developed. Numerous studies were carried out to study the optimisation of the parameters of the precision planting. One of these parameters, affecting the quality of the precision seeder, is the grain outflow from the seed metering device. Materials and Methods. In order to maintain good continuous performance of an oscillating seeder, it is important to monitor seed flow in real-time and adjust oscillation parameters automatically. Existing research methods, such as prototyping and monitoring the process using a high-speed camera, by reason of the random movement of particles, do not allow obtaining sufficient data to understand trajectories and velocities of particles and existing equations for particle motion when simulating the sowing process do not allow taking into account the interaction of particles that having various shapes, rolling and sliding friction coefficients, and the elastic modulus of particle materials and a working body. In this study, the outflow rate of sesame seeds in an oscillating seed metering device was modeled using the simulation method based on the discrete element method. The aim of this study is to create a simulation model of an oscillating-type sowing planter using the sowing sesame seeds as an example for evaluating the effectiveness of this model, and the possibility of further optimization and prediction of sowing seeds with this device. Results. The analysis of the results showed that during the simulation, the sowing rate of sesame seeds when leaving the oscillating seed metering holes has significant differences in number and direction. The results of the modeling process in this study showed that when opening a hole in the oscillating seeder, a number of sesame seeds from 0 to 4 were coming out of it. The resulting model allows monitoring the behavior of each particle of a sesame seed, analyzing its trajectory, speed, and forces acting on it at any one time, and varying the parameters to obtain the dependence of uneven seeding on the kinematic and geometric parameters of the device. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained simulation results provide an effective method for predicting the consumption of sesame seeds from the oscillating seed meter, which serves as the basis for optimizing the kinematic and geometric parameters of the oscillating sowing device in order to increase its efficiency. This model is universal and can be adapted to sow other crops.

The Results of Field Test of the Mounted Attachment CHD-3

One of the ways of achieving landing accuracy is the control of the unit movement using navigator installed on the tractor, including autopilot systems that can correct the trajectory of the tractor. However, the straightness of tillage may be low. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the track stability of agricultural tools when cultivating row crops. (Materials and methods) The article proposes the use of a controlled attachment as part of a machine-tractor unit with navigation equipment installed on both a tractor and an agricultural tool, the use of which will significantly improve the accuracy of technological operations. The article presents the scheme, technical characteristics, and operating principle of the controlled attachment device. The article describes the method of conducting a field test of a machine-tractor unit with an installed controlled attachment. (Results and discussion) It was found that when cultivating without navigation equipment, the deviation from the axis was 62 mm; when cultivating with a machine-tractor unit with navigation equipment on a tractor it reaches 22 mm; when cultivating with a machine-tractor unit with a controlled CHD-3 attachment and navigation equipment on a tractor and cultivator it reaches 20 mm. The untreated area of the field by a machine-tractor unit with CHD-3 and navigation equipment on a tractor and cultivator was 0.27 square meters in relation to 0.45 square meters when processing the unit as part of a tractor with navigation equipment and a cultivator. (Conclusions) The use of tool control devices for cultivating rows of potatoes is impractical, since the straight movement of the planting machine along a given line is not guaranteed when planting potatoes. It was found that increased accuracy and further productivity will be achieved when using a controlled attachment on all operations of potato cultivation up to harvesting. The use of a controlled attachment device is advisable when cultivating crops that require high precision planting, for example, sugar beets.