Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-carboxylic acid applied to urine testing

Bioanalysis ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Leonardo C Rodrigues ◽  
Júlia MM Kahl ◽  
Kauê O de Chinaglia ◽  
Eduardo G de Campos ◽  
José Luiz Costa
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Good Sensitivity ◽  
Chloroform Extraction ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Urine Testing ◽  
Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Urine Specimens

Aim: THC-COOH is the major metabolite of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol commonly tested in urine to determine cannabis intake. In this study, a method based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed for testing THC-COOH in urine. Materials & methods: Hydrolyzed urine specimens were extracted via dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with acetonitrile (disperser solvent) and chloroform (extraction solvent). Derivatization was performed with N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide with 1% trichloro(chloromethyl)silane. Analysis was performed by GC–MS/MS. Results: The method showed acceptable linearity (5–500 ng/ml), imprecision (<10.5%) and bias (<4.9%). Limits of detection and quantitation were 1 and 5 ng/ml, respectively. Twenty-four authentic samples were analyzed, with 22 samples being positive for THC-COOH. Conclusion: The proposed method is more environmentally friendly and provided good sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility.

Determination of UV-327 and its metabolites in human urine using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (35) ◽  
pp. 3978-3986
Author(s):  
Corinna Fischer ◽  
Thomas Göen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

A method is presented for the extraction of the UV stabilizer UV-327 and its metabolites from urine with acetonitrile (disperser solvent) and chloroform (extraction solvent), followed by instrumental analysis of the trimethylsilylated analytes.

Dispersive Liquid—Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Analysis of 15 Phthalates in Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 942-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danni Yang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Yongxin Li ◽  
Shuo Yin ◽  
Yaling Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Uv Detection ◽  
Established Method ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

Abstract Background: Consistent toxicological evidence indicate that phthalates can cause adverse effects on human health. The concern over phthalate pollution and exposure has been emphasized in recent years. Therefore, the sensitive, reliable, and rapid detection of phthalates in water is of great importance. Objective: In this study, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) combined with HPLC-UV detection was established and applied in the preconcentration and detection of 15 phthalates in drinking and river water samples. Methods: A mixture of acetonitrile (dispersant) and 1-dodecanol (extractant) was injected into water samples, which had been added with sodium chloride. The cloudy solution was formed by hand-shaking. After centrifugation, the sample solution was cooled in a refrigerator, and the solidified organic droplet was collected. It melted at room temperature and was injected into the HPLC system for analysis. The quantification was based on the working curves. Results: Under optimum conditions, this method showed good linearity in the range of 0.1–100 or 0.5–100 μg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The method had the LODs ranging from 0.013 to 0.16 μg/L with the enrichment factors of 102–218. The recoveries of the method ranged from 86.8 to 119% with RSDs less than 12.6%. The interday and intraday RSDs were 6.35–13.5% and 3.00–13.7%, respectively. The established method has been successfully applied to the analysis of phthalates in drinking and river waters. Conclusions: The established method is rapid, sensitive, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. It can be applied to the analysis of 15 phthalates in drinking and river water samples. Highlights: A method of DLLME-SFO combined with HPLC-UV detection has been established for the analysis of 15 phthalates in drinking and river water samples. The established method was rapid, sensitive, accurate, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. The established method was successfully applied to the analysis of 15 phthalates in bottled, tap, and river water samples.

Deep-eutectic-solvent-based dispersive and emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction methods for the speciation of selenium in water and determining its total content levels in milk formula and cereals

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (43) ◽  
pp. 5186-5194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramsha Shahid ◽  
Tasneem Gul Kazi ◽  
Hassan Imran Afridi ◽  
Farah Naz Talpur ◽  
Asma Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

Rapid and environmentally friendly ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (US-DLLμE) and vortex assisted-emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction (VA-ELLμE) methods are proposed for the speciation of selenium in domestic and mineral water samples.

scholarly journals Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in water

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Farhadi ◽  
Mir Farajzadeh ◽  
Amir Matin ◽  
Paria Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Wide Linear Dynamic Range ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

AbstractA simple and sensitive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for extraction and preconcentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in water samples is presented. After adjusting the sample pH to 3, extraction was performed in the presence of 1% W/V sodium chloride by injecting 1 mL acetone as disperser solvent containing 15 μL tetrachloroethylene as extraction solvent. The proposed DLLME method was followed by HPLC-DAD for determination of PCP. It has good linearity (0.994) with wide linear dynamic range (0.1–1000 μg L−1) and low detection limit (0.03 μg L−1), which makes it suitable for determination of PCP in water samples.

Progress of Extraction Solvent Dispersion Strategies for Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1231-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jie LI ◽  
Hong-Yi ZHANG ◽  
Xiao-Zhe LIU ◽  
Chun-Yan CUI ◽  
Zhi-Hong SHI
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

Simultaneous Determination of Four Plant Hormones in Soil by Ultrasound-Assisted Ionic Liquid Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Qi Huang ◽  
She Ying Dong ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Ting Lin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Target Analytes ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

An ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-IL-DLLME) was developed for the determination of four plant hormones (6-benzyladenine (6-BA), kinetin (6-KT), 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and uniconazole (UN)) in soil, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection (DAD). Several important parameters including the type and volume of extraction solvent, the volume of disperser solvent, ultrasound time, pH of the solution and salt effect were studied and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the limits of detections (LODs) for the target analytes were in the range of 0.002-0.01 μg g-1. And satisfactory recoveries of the target analytes in the soil samples were 79.3-96.7 %, with relative standard deviations (RSD, n=5) that ranged from 4.3 to 6.7%.

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