VENUS BY BOTTICELLI AND HER PITUITARY ADENOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1067-1073
Author(s):  
Paolo Pozzilli ◽  
Luca Vollero ◽  
Anna Maria Colao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Methods Comparison ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Beautiful Woman ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject

Objective: Simonetta Vespucci, considered the most beautiful woman of the Renaissance, is the inspiration and face of one of the most famous paintings of all times, “The Birth of Venus,” by Botticelli. She died in 1476 at the age of 23 years. We postulate she suffered from a pituitary-secreting tumor progressing to pituitary apoplexy. The goals of this study were 3-fold: (i) verify that the subject depicted by Botticelli in different paintings represents the same woman; (ii) identify the facial traits affected by the progression of a growth hormone– and prolactin-secreting tumor; and (iii) confirm that the observed changes of the face traits observed in the portraits of Simonetta Vespucci are compatible with the facial traits changes identified earlier. Methods: Comparison among face traits was based on the analysis of the face regions measured by means of fiducial points and their distances, and after pose compensation based on three-dimensional head modelling. Results: In favor of the hypothesis that Simonetta suffered from a pituitary growth hormone– and prolactin-secreting tumor stands changes of her lineaments, a feature which becomes evident over the years and particularly manifest in the Allegorical Lady, where galactorrhea is depicted. Conclusion: We conclude that sufficient evidence is presented to suggest that Simonetta Vespucci, the Venus depicted by Botticelli, suffered from pituitary adenoma secreting prolactin and growth hormon with parasellar expansion. The current interpretation of the Venus strabism should be revisited according to this finding. Abbreviation: GH = growth hormone

Pituitary Apoplexy Manifested during a Bromocriptine Test in a Patient with a Growth Hormone- and Prolactin-producing Pituitary Adenoma

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Shirataki ◽  
Kazuo Chihara ◽  
Yuji Shibata ◽  
Norihiko Tamaki ◽  
Satoshi Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy

Pituitary apoplexy manifested during a bromocriptine test in a patient with a growth hormone- and prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 395???8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Shirataki ◽  
K Chihara ◽  
Y Shibata ◽  
N Tamaki ◽  
S Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy

scholarly journals Three-dimensional face recognition using variance-based registration and subject-specific descriptors

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 172988141985171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Iqbal Ratyal ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmad Taj ◽  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Nouman Ali ◽  
Anzar Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Depth Curves

Face recognition underpins numerous applications; however, the task is still challenging mainly due to the variability of facial pose appearance. The existing methods show competitive performance but they are still short of what is needed. This article presents an effective three-dimensional pose invariant face recognition approach based on subject-specific descriptors. This results in state-of-the-art performance and delivers competitive accuracies. In our method, the face images are registered by transforming their acquisition pose into frontal view using three-dimensional variance of the facial data. The face recognition algorithm is initialized by detecting iso-depth curves in a coordinate plane perpendicular to the subject gaze direction. In this plane, discriminating keypoints are detected on the iso-depth curves of the facial manifold to define subject-specific descriptors using subject-specific regions. Importantly, the proposed descriptors employ Kernel Fisher Analysis-based features leading to the face recognition process. The proposed approach classifies unseen faces by pooling performance figures obtained from underlying classification algorithms. On the challenging data sets, FRGC v2.0 and GavabDB, our method obtains face recognition accuracies of 99.8% and 100% yielding superior performance compared to the existing methods.

scholarly journals Nutritional interventions in critical illness

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Powell-Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Refeeding Syndrome ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function

The metabolism of critical illness is characterised by a combination of starvation and stress. There is increased production of cortisol, catecholamines, glucagon and growth hormone and increased insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1. Phagocytic, epithelial and endothelial cells elaborate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators, and antioxidant depletion ensues. There is hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperlactataemia, increased gluconeogenesis and decreased glycogen production. Insulin resistance, particularly in relation to the liver, is marked. The purpose of nutritional support is primarily to save life and secondarily to speed recovery by reducing neuropathy and maintaining muscle mass and function. There is debate about the optimal timing of nutritional support for the patient in the intensive care unit. It is generally agreed that the enteral route is preferable if possible, but the dangers of the parenteral route, a route of feeding that remains important in the context of critical illness, may have been over-emphasised. Control of hyperglycaemia is beneficial, and avoidance of overfeeding is emphasised. Growth hormone is harmful. The refeeding syndrome needs to be considered, although it has been little studied in the context of critical illness. Achieving energy balance may not be necessary in the early stages of critical illness, particularly in patients who are overweight or obese. Protein turnover is increased and N balance is often negative in the face of normal nutrient intake; optimal N intakes are the subject of some debate. Supplementation of particular amino acids able to support or regulate the immune response, such as glutamine, may have a role not only for their potential metabolic effect but also for their potential antioxidant role. Doubt remains in relation to arginine supplementation. High-dose mineral and vitamin antioxidant therapy may have a place.

Pituitary apoplexy in an acromegalic patient during bromocriptine therapy

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Alhajje ◽  
Michel Lambert ◽  
Jean Crabbé
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Acromegalic Patient ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report a case of pituitary apoplexy that developed in a patient shortly after bromocriptine therapy was started for a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. The tumor was associated with visual impairment and ocular palsies, and was treated by transsphenoidal decompression. Although spontaneous tumor necrosis cannot be excluded, a causal role of bromocriptine treatment is suggested.

Paradoxical Enhancement of Pituitary Growth Hormone (GH) Responsiveness to GH-Releasing Factor in the Face of High Somatostatin Tone*

Endocrinology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 1380-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLORIA SHAFFER TANNENBAUM ◽  
JEAN-CLAUDE PAINSON ◽  
ANA MARIA J. LENGYEL ◽  
PAUL BRAZEAU
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
The Face

Pituitary apoplexy in acromegaly during bromocriptine therapy

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tohru Yamaji ◽  
Miyuki Ishibashi ◽  
Kinori Kosaka ◽  
Takanori Fukushima ◽  
Tomokatsu Hori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Active Acromegaly

Abstract. Two cases of pituitary apoplexy occurring in the course of long-term bromocriptine therapy for active acromegaly are described. Although bromocriptine was effective in lowering serum growth hormone levels and concomitant clinical improvement was achieved, both patients developed an acute episode suggesting pituitary apoplexy when the therapy was continued for 6 and 24 months, respectively. Surgery verified marked haemorrhage and necrosis of an eosinophilic pituitary adenoma in each case. Bromocriptine may have suppressed the growth of these pituitary adenomas resulting in necrosis of the tumour, followed by haemorrhage into the adenoma. Pituitary apoplexy has not been documented as a complication of bromocriptine therapy. This report points out a possible role of bromocriptine in the development of this catastrophe and that careful follow-up is required when long-term treatment with bromocriptine is attempted.

Association of pituitary adenoma with neuronal christoma: A TEM study

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Eva Horvath ◽  
Kalman Kovacs ◽  
B. W. Scheithauer ◽  
R. V. Lloyd ◽  
H. S. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Tumor ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Secretory Neurons

The association of a pituitary adenoma with nervous tissue consisting of neuron-like cells and neuropil is a rare abnormality. In the majority of cases, the pituitary tumor is a chromophobic adenoma, accompanied by acromegaly. Histology reveals widely variable proportions of endocrine and nervous tissue in alternating or intermingled patterns. The lesion is perceived as a composite one consisting of two histogenetically distinct parts. It has been suggested that the neuronal component, morphologically similar to secretory neurons of the hypothalamus, may initiate adenoma formation by releasing stimulatory substances. Immunoreactivity for growth hormone releasing hormone (GRH) in the neuronal component of some cases supported this view, whereas other findings such as consistent lack of growth hormone (GH) cell hyperplasia in the lesions called for alternative explanation.Fifteen tumors consisting of a pituitary adenoma and a neuronal component have been collected over a 20 yr. period. Acromegaly was present in 11 patients, was equivocal in one, and absent in 3.

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