18. HOW PRECISELY IS THE INDICATION OF DIRECTION FOLLOWED BY THE NEWCOMERS? EXPERIMENTS IN A FAN–SHAPED PATTERN

1993 ◽  
pp. 156-160
Keyword(s):  
Shaped Pattern

scholarly journals Demographic and psychological predictors of alcohol use and misuse in autistic adults

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1469-1480
Author(s):  
Maya Bowri ◽  
Laura Hull ◽  
Carrie Allison ◽  
Paula Smith ◽  
Simon Baron-Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Predictors ◽  
Autistic Adults ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Shaped Pattern ◽  
Significant Factors

This study explored demographic and psychological predictors of alcohol use and misuse in a high-functioning, community sample of 237 autistic adults aged 18–75 (mean = 41.92 and standard deviation = 13.3) recruited in the United Kingdom. An online survey measured demographic information, autistic traits, depression, generalised anxiety, social anxiety, mental well-being, social camouflaging and alcohol use with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. The sample was divided into three groups (non-drinkers, non-hazardous drinkers and hazardous drinkers) and multinomial logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between alcohol use and demographic factors, autistic traits, mental health variables and social camouflaging. Our results demonstrated a U-shaped pattern among autistic adults, with non-drinkers and hazardous drinkers scoring significantly higher than non-hazardous drinkers on levels of autistic traits, depression, generalised anxiety and social anxiety. In multivariate analysis, autistic non-drinkers were less likely to be male (odds ratio = 0.44; 95% confidence interval = 0.22–0.87) and had more autistic traits (odds ratio = 2.50; 95% confidence interval = 1.19–5.28). Gender and level of autistic traits may be the most significant factors in predicting alcohol use in the autistic community. Lay abstract Alcohol use and misuse are associated with a variety of negative physical, psychological and social consequences. The limited existing research on substance use including alcohol use in autistic adults has yielded mixed findings, with some studies concluding that autism reduces the likelihood of substance use and others suggesting that autism may increase an individual’s risk for substance misuse. This study investigated demographic and psychological predictors of alcohol use and misuse in a sample of 237 autistic adults. An online survey was used to obtain data on demographic information, autistic traits, depression, generalised anxiety, social anxiety, mental well-being, social camouflaging and alcohol use. The sample was divided into three groups (non-drinkers, non-hazardous drinkers and hazardous drinkers) in order to investigate associations between alcohol use and demographic factors, autistic traits, mental health variables and social camouflaging. Our results demonstrated a U-shaped pattern among autistic adults, with non-drinkers and hazardous drinkers scoring higher than non-hazardous drinkers on levels of autistic traits, depression, generalised anxiety and social anxiety. Autistic non-drinkers were less likely to be male and had more autistic traits. Gender and level of autistic traits may be the most significant factors in predicting alcohol use in the autistic community.

Comparing disturbance and generalism in birds and mammals: A hump-shaped pattern

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Battisti ◽  
Giuliano Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Shaped Pattern

Real-Time Wind Measurement in Extratropical Cyclones by Means of Doppler Radar

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Baynton ◽  
R. J. Serafin ◽  
C. L. Frush ◽  
G. R. Gray ◽  
P. V. Hobbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
The Real ◽  
Color Displays ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
Time Information ◽  
Shaped Pattern

Abstract Color displays of the velocities of precipitation particles detected with a C-band Doppler radar in wide-spread cyclonic storms provide a variety of real-time information on the atmospheric wind field.Vertical profiles of wind speed and direction indicated by the real-time color displays agree well withrawinsonde measurements. Veering winds (or warm advection) produce a striking S-shaped pattern onthe color display and backing winds (or cold advection) produce a backward S. A maximum in the verticalprofile of wind speed is indicated by a pair of concentric colored rings, one upwind and one downwind ofthe radar. Vertically sloping velocity maxima are indicated by asymmetries in the color displays, as areconfluent and difluent winds. Divergence and convergence computed from the real-time color displays areof reasonable magnitude.

Effects of a Shaped Pattern Preference on Depth Avoidance by Human Infants in the Visual Cliff Situation

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Warnberg ◽  
John W. Somervill
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cliff ◽  
Patterned Surfaces ◽  
Deep Side ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Shaping Procedure ◽  
Pattern Preference ◽  
Shaped Pattern

19 crawling infants were presented on the visual cliff. Subsequently, a preference for a smaller checked pattern was successfully established for 10 infants in a non-depth situation where both patterns were placed directly beneath the glass. Although no infants descended to the deep side when patterned surfaces were displayed in the pretest, 5 of 10 infants who reached criterion for the shaping procedure descended to the deep side and 5 to the shallow in a posttest. Under nonpatterned conditions, a consistent preference for shallow or deep sides was not evidenced in either pretest or posttest conditions.

scholarly journals Amazighopsidae, a new family of decapod macruran astacideans from the late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of Gara Sbaa, Southeastern Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Garassino ◽  
Giovanni Pasini
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Family ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Shaped Pattern

We investigate a new decapod macruran discovered in deposits identified at the top of Gara Sbaa slope, located in SE Morocco, along the “Hamada des Kem Kem”, close to the Algerian border. These fossiliferous levels are known in the literature as part of the Late Cretaceous Kem Kem beds. We report the new family Amazighopsidae, created to accommodate Amazighopsis cretacica n. gen., n. sp. Indeed, some morphological characters, such as a short rostrum with the serrate upper margin, cervical and antennal grooves not forming the characteristic W-shaped pattern, the telson without diaeresis, lateral margins of the telson with one movable median spine and two movable distal spines, and the uropodal exopod without diaeresis, are so peculiar and unique to justify the erection of the new family tentatively ascribed to the infraorder Astacidea.

scholarly journals Morphological aspects and composition of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) ivory

Koedoe ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Raubenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
African Elephant ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Shaped Pattern

This study was aimed at determining the origin of the diamond shaped pattern and composition of ivory of the African elephant. Fragments of ivory and tusks were obtained through the National Parks Board from the Kruger Park, Addo Elephant Park, Kaokoveld, Caprivi, Etosha, Kavango and Tembe Elephant Park. Polished surfaces were prepared in different planes and examined with light and electron microscopical techniques. Analyses of the inorganic composition were performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, ion selective electrodes and inductively coupled optical emission spectroscopy. The total amino acid composition was determined with the aid of an amino acid analyser. Morphological investigations showed the distinctive diamond shaped pattern of ivory to be caused by the sinusoidal surface to pulpal course followed by odontoblastic tubules. This course is the result of pressure which builds up between tightly packed odontoblasts on their centripetal course along an ever decreasing pulpal circumference during formation of ivory. A total of 17 elements were detected in the inorganic fraction of ivory, some in concentrations as low as 0.25 ^g/g. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, fluoride, cobalt and zinc showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.007) between selected regions and may prove valuable in distinguishing chemically between ivory from different geographical locations. The organic content of ivory showed 17 amino acids in varying concentrations. The possible causes of these variations are discussed.

Sternaspis chilensis n. sp., a new species from austral Chilean channels and fjords (Annelida, Sternaspidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4254 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
OSCAR DÍAZ-DÍAZ ◽  
NICOLÁS ROZBACZYLO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Strait Of Magellan ◽  
Shaped Pattern ◽  
A New Species

Sternaspis chilensis n. sp. is described based on specimens collected in channels and fjords of southern Chile and previously identified as Sternaspis scutata (Ranzani, 1817), originally described from the Meditarrean Sea. Sternaspis chilensis n. sp. is described based on the features of the shield with anterior margins rounded and anterior depression shallow; marginal shield chaetal fascicles arranged with an inverted C-shaped pattern; and distribution of the integument papillae. Sternaspis chilensis is widely distributed in the Magellan Province from Estero Reloncaví (41°32’54”S, 72°19’48”W) to Strait of Magellan (53°34’S, 70°04’W), between 50 and 515 m depth. 

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