Does the evidence for an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and breast cancer risk satisfy the Hill criteria?

Vitamin D (the sunshine vitamin) plays a vital role in calcium homeostasis, skeletal metabolism, and immune, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems’ functions. The worldwide prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is approximately 1 billion. Vitamin D deficiency is a serious health problem with numerous health consequences; it is associated with diabetes, rheumatic arthritis, Parkinson, Alzheimer diseases, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and fractures in adults and cancers. Many reports showed an inverse association between serum vitamin D concentration and incidence of several cancers, including breast, colorectal, kidney, lung, and pancreatic. About 20 different cancers have incidence rates inversely related to solar UV-B doses and serum vitamin D concentration. Considering the rising incidence of breast cancer and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, this review aimed to reflect an association between serum vitamin D concentration and breast cancer risk, reveal the link between vitamin D receptor genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk, and review the relationship between vitamin D level, breast cancer risk, and prognostic factors such as tumor stage, grade, size, lymph node involvement, and hormone receptor status.

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Meta-analysis: Serum vitamin D and breast cancer risk

European Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1016/j.ejca.2010.03.037 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 2196-2205 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

Lu Yin ◽

Norma Grandi ◽

Elke Raum ◽

Ulrike Haug ◽

Volker Arndt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Vitamin D

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Vitamin D Status in Saudi Arabian Women: Is there an Association with Breast Cancer Risk?

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.917.4 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatimah Mohammadali Yousef ◽

Cynthia Thomson ◽

Taha Kumosani ◽

Jehad Yousef

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Saudi Arabian ◽

Vitamin D Status

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The Gc2 Allele of the Vitamin D Binding Protein Is Associated with a Decreased Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk, Independent of the Vitamin D Status

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention ◽

10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0162 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1339-1343 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

S. Abbas ◽

J. Linseisen ◽

T. Slanger ◽

S. Kropp ◽

E. J. Mutschelknauss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽

Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk

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Change of serum vitamin D according to the breast cancer treatment.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.172 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (27_suppl) ◽

pp. 172-172

Author(s):

H. J. Kim ◽

S. Ahn

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Hormonal Therapy ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

25Ohd Level ◽

Serum 25Ohd ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Antihormonal Therapy ◽

Serum 25Ohd Level

172 Background: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased breast cancer risk and decreased breast cancer survival. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of breast cancer adjuvant treatment to the vitamin D status, as measured by the serum hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in breast cancer patients. Methods: For 589 patients who was diagnosed as a non metastatic breast cancer in 2009 at the asan medical center, blood was prospectively analyzed in batches for serum 25 OHD level at basal and at 6 and 12month. We excluded the patients who took a vitamin D supplementation and got a neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Vitamin D sufficiency was defined as serum as 30ng/ml or greater, insufficiency as 20 to 29 ng/ml and insufficiency as less than 20ng/ml. Results: At baseline, mean serum 25OHD was greater in summer (April to Oct) than Winter (Nov to May ) (28.2ng/ml vs 32.9ng/ml respectively, p=0.000). The patients who did not get a chemotherapy and anti-hormonal therapy as baseline, the patient with chemotherapy showed decreased serum 25OHD level than who without chemotherapy in 6 month but not in 12 month (p=0.003, vs p=0.156 respectively). The patients who had taken anti-hormonal therapy showed significant increasing serum 25OHD in 6 month and 12 months (p=0.000 both). For the patients who got both chemotherapy and anti-hormonal therapy, the changes of serum 25OHD level is smaller than the patients who got a chemotherapy only. For the patients who got a chemotherapy, 57% of patients were vitamin D sufficient at baseline, but 27% of patients in 6 month and 49% in 12 month (p=0.001). Conclusions: Vitamin D status was worse during chemotherapy but recovered after chemotherapy. Antihormonal therapy make the serum vitamin D level increased. The translational research about the effect of chemotherapy and antihormonal therapy to the vitamin D status should be warranted.

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