scholarly journals New WHO Guidelines on Symptom Based Childhood Contact Screening For Tuberculosis: Relevance to National Tuberculosis Program of India

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Nair Palanivel C
Keyword(s):  
Who Guidelines ◽  
National Tuberculosis Program ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Contact Screening

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Skin Test Screening in the National Tuberculosis Program of Trinidad and Tobago

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Chattu ◽  
Sateesh Sakhamuri ◽  
Shastri Motilal ◽  
Liam J. Pounder ◽  
Vasishma Kanita Persad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
National Tuberculosis Program ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Contact Screening

Globally, a quarter of the population is infected with tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. About 5–10% of latent TB infections (LTBI) progress to active disease during the lifetime. Prevention of TB and treating LTBI is a critical component of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) End TB Strategy. This study aims to examine the screening practices for prevention and treatment employed by the National Tuberculosis Program of Trinidad and Tobago in comparison to the WHO’s standard guidelines. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted from the TB registers (2018–2019) for persons aged 18 years and above with recorded tuberculin skin test reactions (TST). Bivariate comparisons for categorical variables were made using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Binary logistic regression was used for exploring predictors of TST positivity with adjustment for demographic confounders in multivariable models. Of the total 1972 eligible entries studied, 384 (19.4%) individuals were tested positive with TST. TB contact screening (aOR 2.49; 95% CI 1.65, 3.75) and Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination status (aOR 1.66; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.22) were associated with a positive TST reaction, whereas, preplacement screening failed to show such association when compared to those screened as suspect cases. The findings suggest that TB contact screening and positive BCG vaccination status are associated with TST positivity independent of age and gender.

scholarly journals Application of provincial data in mathematical modelling to inform sub-national tuberculosis program decision-making in South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0209320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Hippner ◽  
Tom Sumner ◽  
Rein MGJ Houben ◽  
Vicky Cardenas ◽  
Anna Vassall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
National Tuberculosis Program ◽  
National Tuberculosis

scholarly journals Childhood Tuberculosis: An Under Prioritized Disease in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (234) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabin Gautam ◽  
Gambhir Shrestha ◽  
Prabin Phuyal
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Childhood Tuberculosis ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
National Tuberculosis Program ◽  
Successful Program ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Way

Globally, childhood tuberculosis constitutes up to 10% of overall tuberculosis cases. In Nepal, childhood tuberculosis has remained around 5.5% of overall tuberculosis cases and has remained stagnant over the years. Moreover, our health system is focused on adult tuberculosis. Childhood tuberculosis has recently got its attention both at the national and international levels. National Tuberculosis Program has been a successful program; however, more has to be done to track childhood tuberculosis progress. In this viewpoint, we discuss current initiatives taken by the government and the way forward for case detection and management of childhood tuberculosis in Nepal.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Tuberculosis Patients in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilaramba Adhikari ◽  
Ratna Bhattarai ◽  
Rajendra Basnet ◽  
Bhim Singh Tinkari ◽  
Badri Nath Gyawali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
National Tuberculosis Program ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Virus Testing

Background: National Tuberculosis Program has envisioned to provide human immunodeficiency virus testing for all tuberculosis patients. However, human immunodeficiency virus testing coverage among notified tuberculosis patients is very low in Nepal. Hence, it is difficult to reflect the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among Tuberculosis patients based on the information available from the routine system. Hence National Tuberculosis Program carried out sentinel surveillance to assess the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among tuberculosis patients and its associated factors in Nepal.Methods: This study is cross-sectional study type conducted at six sentinel sites across the country. This study lasted for six months starting from March 2017 to August 2017. The sample size was calculated using Epiinfo STATCAL application assuming confidence interval at 95%, 85% power and 5% non-response rate. The required sample size was 1672 tuberculosis patients. Ethical approval was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council. All types of tuberculosis patients who were equal or above 15 years were included in the study. Human immunodeficiency viruse testing was performed among tuberculosis patients as per the testing algorithm recommended by national guideline.Results: The study was carried out among 1664 tuberculosis patients registered for tuberculosis treatment during the study period. More than two thirds of tuberculosis patients (67%) were male. The median age of tuberculosis patients was found 32 years. During human immunodeficiency virus testing, 41 out of 1664 tuberculosis patients were found human immunodeficiency virus positive resulting human immunodeficiency virus infection seroprevalence among tuberculosis patients to 2.5%. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection was significantly associated with age (P=0.002), caste/ethnicity (P=0.025), religion (P=0.015) and occupation (P=0.014) of tuberculosis patients.Conclusions: Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among tuberculosis patients was found 2.5%. Information and access to tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus services needs to be increased toaddress tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in Nepal.Keywords: HIV; prevalence; TB; TB-HIV coinfection.

scholarly journals Outcome of Tuberculosis Treatment: A Comparison between Alberta and Nicaragua

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narmin Kassam ◽  
Anne Fanning ◽  
Jose Ramon Cruz ◽  
Alejandro Tardencilla
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
National Tuberculosis Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Cure Rates

OBJECTIVE: To measure the outcome of tuberculosis treatment in a low incidence, high income region, Alberta, and compare with an intermediate incidence, low income country with a model national tuberculosis program, Nicaragua.DESIGN: All 1992 sputum smear-positive pulmonary cases from both regions were included. Treatment outcome was assigned retrospectively to Alberta cases according to the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases' (IUATLD) criteria of cure, failure, transfer, absconder and death.SETTING: Alberta laboratories are required to report allMycobacterium tuberculosiscultures to Alberta provincial tuberculosis services. Nicaragua cases are reported centrally to the Programa de control de tuberculosis in Managua using the IUATLD criteria.MAIN RESULTS: In Alberta, 222 tuberculosis cases were identified, of which 61 were smear positive. Nicaragua had 1552 smear positive cases of 2885 tuberculosis cases. Alberta's outcomes were 82% cured, no failed treatment, 5% absconded, 2% transferred and 11% died; Nicaragua's outcomes were 77% cured, 2% failed, 13% absconded, 5% transferred and 4% died. There was no significant difference in cure rates between Alberta and Nicaragua, P=0.33.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment outcomes can be measured effectively and reported in high income, low incidence settings. Alberta is achieving comparable cure rates with the Nicaraguan national tuberculosis program.

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