Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Constituents in Sang Yod Rice Extracts, γ-Oryzanol, Vitamins E, B1, B2 and B3, Using Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide (NO) Production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Activated RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophage Cells

Biorenovation is a microbial enzyme-catalyzed structural modification of organic compounds with the potential benefits of reduced toxicity and improved biological properties relative to their precursor compounds. In this study, we synthesized a novel compound verified as formononetin 7-O-phosphate (FMP) from formononetin (FM) using microbial biotransformation. We further compared the anti-inflammatory properties of FMP to FM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. We observed that cell viabilities and inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production were greater in FMP-treated RAW 264.7 cells than in their FM-treated counterparts. In addition, FMP treatment suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in a dose-dependent manner and concomitantly decreased the mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). We also found that FMP exerted its anti-inflammatory effects through the downregulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In conclusion, we generated a novel anti-inflammatory compound using biorenovation and demonstrated its efficacy in cell-based in vitro assays.

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Exogenous Heat Shock Cognate Protein 70 Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammation by Down-Regulating NF-κB through MAPK and MMP-2/-9 Pathways in Macrophages

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23092124 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 2124 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Erna Sulistyowati ◽

Mei-Yueh Lee ◽

Lin-Chi Wu ◽

Jong-Hau Hsu ◽

Zen-Kong Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Critical Role ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Heat Shock Cognate Protein ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Cognate Protein

Heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), a molecular chaperone, is constitutively expressed by mammalian cells to regulate various cellular functions. It is associated with many diseases and is a potential therapeutic target. Although HSC70 also possesses an anti-inflammatory action, the mechanism of this action remains unclear. This current study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of HSC70 in murine macrophages RAW 264.7 exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and to explain its pathways. Mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) in 0.1 µg/mL LPS incubation were pretreated with recombinant HSC70 (rHSC70) and different assays (Griess assay, enzyme-linked immune assay/ELISA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay/EMSA, gelatin zymography, and Western blotting) were performed to determine whether rHSC70 blocks pro-inflammatory mediators. The findings showed that rHSC70 attenuated the nitric oxide (NO) generation, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) expressions in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, rHSC70 preconditioning suppressed the activities and expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Finally, rHSC70 diminished the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K/Akt). We demonstrate that rHSC70 preconditioning exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through NO production constriction; TNF-α, and IL-6 suppression following down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and MMP-2/MMP-9. Accordingly, it ameliorated the signal transduction of MAPKs, Akt/IκBα, and NF-κB pathways. Therefore, extracellular HSC70 plays a critical role in the innate immunity modulation and mechanisms of endogenous protective stimulation.

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In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a sterol-enriched fraction from freshwater green alga, Spirogyra sp.

Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1186/s41240-020-00172-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lei Wang ◽

You-Jin Jeon ◽

Jae-Il Kim

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Green Alga ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as arthritis and atherosclerosis. In the present study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity of sterol-rich fraction prepared from Spirogyra sp., a freshwater green alga, in an effort to find bioactive extracts derived from natural sources. Methods The sterol content of ethanol extract of Spirogyra sp. (SPE) was enriched by fractionation with hexane (SPEH), resulting 6.7 times higher than SPE. Using this fraction, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish. Results SPEH effectively and dose-dependently decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). SPEH suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β through downregulating nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. The in vivo test results indicated that SPEH significantly and dose-dependently reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell death, and NO production in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Conclusions These results demonstrate that SPEH possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and has the potential to be used as healthcare or pharmaceutical material for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

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ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF TINOCRISPOSIDE BY INHIBITING NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES-STIMULATED RAW 264.7 CELLS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.23739 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adek Zamrud Adnan ◽

Muhammad Taher ◽

Tika Afriani ◽

Annisa Fauzana ◽

Dewi Imelda Roesma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Positive Control ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of tinocrisposide using lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Tinocrisposide is a furano diterpene glycoside that was isolated in our previous study from Tinospora crispa.Methods: Anti-inflammatory effect was quantified spectrometrically using Griess method by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production after the addition of Griess reagent.Results: The sample concentrations of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM and 100 μM of dexamethasone (positive control) have been tested against the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and the results showed NO level production of 39.23, 34.00, 28.9, 20.25, 16.3, and 13.68 μM, respectively, and the inhibition level of 22.67, 33.00, 43.03, 60.10, 68.00, and 73%, respectively.Conclusions: From the study, it could be concluded that tinocrisposide was able to inhibit the formation of NO in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in concentration activity-dependent manner, with half-maximal inhibition concentration 46.92 μM. It can be developed as anti-inflammatory candidate drug because NO is a reactive nitrogen species which is produced by NO synthase. The production of NO has been established as a mediator in inflammatory diseases.

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Sesquiterpenes from Inula japonica with Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production in Murine Macrophage RAW 264.7 Cells

Journal of Natural Products ◽

10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01106 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 1548-1553 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Qinghao Jin ◽

Jin Woo Lee ◽

Hari Jang ◽

Ji Eun Choi ◽

Dongho Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Nitric Oxide Production ◽

Murine Macrophage ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Oxide Production

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IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF THE COMPONENTS OF AMOMUM TSAO-KO IN MURINE MACROPHAGE RAW 264.7 CELLS

African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines ◽

10.21010/ajtcamv15i2.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Chun Whan Choi ◽

Ju Young Shin ◽

Changon Seo ◽

Seong Su Hong ◽

Eun-Kyung Ahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Benzoic Acid ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Murine Macrophage ◽

Etoh Extract ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Plants still remain the prime source of drugs for the treatment of inflammation and can provide leads for the development of novel anti-inflammatory agents. Material and methods: An in vitro bioassay guide revealed that the 80% ethanol (EtOH) extract of the whole plant, Amomum tsao-ko (Zingiberaceae), displayed anti-inflammatory activity after assessing its effects on murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Result: Phytochemical study of the 80% EtOH extract of Amomum tsao-ko led to the isolation of eight compounds: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid (1), meso-hannokinol (2), (+)-hannokinol (3), coumaric acid (4), 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid (5), (+)-epicatechin (6), (-)-catechin (7), and myrciaphenone A (8). The results indicated that two of the isolated components, (+)-epicatechin (6) and (-)-catechin (7), inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) significantly in lipopolysaccharide treated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusion: LPS-induced interleukin tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), IL-1β and IL-10 production was also decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that (+)-epicatechin (6) and (-)-catechin (7) reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and inhibited nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB).

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