One step in the right direction: Manufacture of graphene by electrochemical exfoliation and simultaneous functionalization with metal nanostructures

2018 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A Clark
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanostructures ◽  
Electrochemical Exfoliation ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Right

Three-Component [1+1+1] Cyclopropanation with Ruthenium(II)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanner C. Jankins ◽  
Robert R. Fayzullin ◽  
Eugene Khaskin
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Carbon ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
One Step ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Mechanistic Investigations ◽  
Chiral Centers ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
The Right ◽  
Substituted Cyclopropanes

We report a one-step, Ru(II)-catalyzed cyclopropanation reaction that is conceptually different from the previously reported protocols that include Corey-Chaykovsky, Simmons-Smith, and metal catalyzed carbene attack on olefins. Under the current protocol, various alcohols are transformed into sulfone substituted cyclopropanes with excellent isolated yields and diastereoselectivities. This new reaction forms highly congested cyclopropane products with three new C–C bonds, three or two new chiral centers and one new quaternary carbon center. 22 examples of isolated substrates are given. Previously reported synthetic routes for similar substrates are all multi-step, linear routes that proceed with overall low yields and poor control of stereochemistry. Experimental mechanistic investigations suggest initial metal-catalyzed dehydrogenation of the alcohol substrate and catalyst independent stepwise attack of two equivalents of sulfone on the aldehyde under basic conditions. While the Ru(II) is only responsible for the initial dehydrogenation step, the rate of aldehyde formation is crucial to maintaining the right balance of intermediates needed to afford the cyclopropane product.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment for common hepatic aneurysm. Original one-step technique

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 898-904
Author(s):  
Bruno Amato ◽  
Renato Patrone ◽  
Gennaro Quarto ◽  
Rita Compagna ◽  
Roberto Cirocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Intraoperative Ultrasound ◽  
Section Area ◽  
One Step ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Open Surgical Treatment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Vascular Stapler

AbstractIntroductionHepatic artery aneurysms are rare, and their treatment represents a challenge for the surgeons.Materials and methodsA new technique is presented for common hepatic artery (CHA) aneurysm: it requires minimal vascular surgical dissection and only one linear vascular stapler is applied at the bottom of aneurysm. Aneurysm exclusion is easily obtained, which allowed retrograde thrombosis. Liver blood supply is ensured to the right and left hepatic artery, through the gastroduodenal artery, and can be previously monitored, with temporary clamping of the section area, by visual control, enzyme evaluation and intraoperative ultrasound examination. We reported an open surgical treatment, with simultaneous removal of hepatic and adrenal metastases, secondary to colon cancer.ResultsThe duration of vascular surgery was 30 min and did not involve complications. Postoperative controls confirmed the efficacy of the procedure.DiscussionThis original technique can be added to the various open and endovascular techniques so far described for the treatment of a CHA aneurysm. It is advisable as open surgery, mostly in case of associated pathologies.ConclusionsThe authors believe that this “one shot” technique by vascular staple of the distal part of CHA is minimally invasive and effective to obtain the exclusion of the aneurysm.

Mandatory desexing of dogs: one step in the right direction to reduce the risk of dog bite? A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katina D'Onise ◽  
Susan Hazel ◽  
Charles Caraguel
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Right

Single-shelf library-type Markov chains with infinitely many books

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Order Book ◽  
Exit Boundary ◽  
One Step ◽  
Step Transition ◽  
The Right ◽  
Positive Recurrent

In a single-shelf library having infinitely many books B 1 , B 2 , …, the probability of selecting each book is assumed known. Books are removed one at a time and replaced in position k prior to the next removal. Books are moved either to the right or the left as is necessary to vacate position k. Those arrangements of books where after some finite position all the books are in natural order (book i occupies position i) are considered as states in an infinite Markov chain. When k > 1, we show that the chain can never be positive recurrent. When k = 1, we find the limits of ratios of one-step transition probabilities; and when k = 1 and the chain is transient, we find the Martin exit boundary.

scholarly journals Causality in Cognitive Neuroscience: Concepts, Challenges, and Distributional Robustness

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Weichwald ◽  
Jonas Peters
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Distributional Robustness ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Right ◽  
External Interventions

Whereas probabilistic models describe the dependence structure between observed variables, causal models go one step further: They predict, for example, how cognitive functions are affected by external interventions that perturb neuronal activity. In this review and perspective article, we introduce the concept of causality in the context of cognitive neuroscience and review existing methods for inferring causal relationships from data. Causal inference is an ambitious task that is particularly challenging in cognitive neuroscience. We discuss two difficulties in more detail: the scarcity of interventional data and the challenge of finding the right variables. We argue for distributional robustness as a guiding principle to tackle these problems. Robustness (or invariance) is a fundamental principle underlying causal methodology. A (correctly specified) causal model of a target variable generalizes across environments or subjects as long as these environments leave the causal mechanisms of the target intact. Consequently, if a candidate model does not generalize, then either it does not consist of the target variable's causes or the underlying variables do not represent the correct granularity of the problem. In this sense, assessing generalizability may be useful when defining relevant variables and can be used to partially compensate for the lack of interventional data.

Pricing for higher education institutions: a value-based approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amizawati Mohd Amir ◽  
Sofiah Md Auzair ◽  
RUHANITA MAELAH ◽  
Azlina Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Value ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Right

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose the concept of higher education institutions (HEIs) offering educational services based on value for money. The value is determined based on customers’ (i.e. students) expectations of the service and the costs in comparison to the competitors. Understanding the value and creating customer value are a means to attain competitive advantage and constitute the basis of price setting. Drawing upon this belief, as an initial step towards value-based pricing method, the possible value factors are suggested for calculating educational programme prices across HEIs. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper introducing the value-based pricing approach in setting HEI tuition fees. Extending prior discussion on the demand for quality education and current financial challenges faced by HEIs, it introduces the concept pricing based upon customer perceived value (student/industry). Value-based pricing is deemed appropriate in view of the value of short tangible and intangible investment by both parties (students and HEIs) to differentiate in terms of setting the right price for the right university for the right student. Findings – The primary aim is to suggest the applicability of value-based pricing for HEIs, which is likely to be both relevant and fruitful for the sustainability of the sector. It represents a personal point of view; building upon a review of the literature, the paper extends the established knowledge one step further in terms of setting the right price for the right university, which is deemed worthy of further study and development. Originality/value – The paper will be of use to the management and policymakers in the education sector in searching for a contemporary pricing mechanism for higher education.

scholarly journals Optimisation of electrolytic solvents for simultaneous electrochemical exfoliation and functionalisation of graphene with metal nanostructures

Carbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andinet Ejigu ◽  
Benjamin Miller ◽  
Ian A. Kinloch ◽  
Robert A.W. Dryfe
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanostructures ◽  
Electrochemical Exfoliation
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